Бенито Перес Гальдос
Heath's Modern Language Series: Mariucha
Q
que rel. pron. who, which, whom, that; conj. that, for, since, and, when, such that; adv. than, as
¿qué? what; what a;
¿por –? why?
quebradero m.:
—– de cabeza worry
quedar(se) remain, be left;
—– en agree to;
—se con keep;
por mí no ha de – it shall not remain undone through my fault
quedo, -a soft, gentle, low
quehacer m. errand; duty, occupation
queja f. complaint
quejarse (de) complain (of)
quema f. fire, conflagration;
huir de la – run away from danger, avoid serious difficulties
quemar burn; p.p. vexed
querer wish, desire, be willing; like, love; expect;
—– decir mean;
yo quisiera I should like;
lo que quiera anything;
donde quiera wherever; V, 211
quiere ser claims to be; p.p. dear, my dear
quié =
quiere
quiebra f. failure, bankruptcy
quien who, whom, whoever, he who, one who, the one who
quién who;
¿de –? whose;
¡– pudiera creer! I wish I could believe!
quién 73 =
quieren
quiera see
querer
quinientos, -as five hundred
quinto, -a fifth
quitar take away, remove, take off;
esto no quita this doesn't prevent
quizá,
quizás perhaps
R
rabia f. rage
rabiar rage, be wild with anger or spite
Rafael m. Raphael
raíz f. root;
bienes raíces real estate
ralea f. race, breed
rama f. branch
rápido, -a rapid
rasgar tear
rasgo m. dash, stroke; trait; I, 87 display of generosity
rasguño m. scratch
raso, -a open, unobstructed, flat;
hacer tabla —a de clean away
rastaquouère f. (French) rich adventuress
rastrero, -a low-flying, crawling; abject
ratito m. little while
rato m. time, short time;
a —s sometimes, at short intervals
rayito m. small ray
rayo m. ray, shaft, thunder-bolt;
ha sido como un – it was a fearful shock
raza f. race
razón f. word, speech; reason; right;
tener – be right
razonable reasonable
re- (an intensifying prefix) very
real real; royal
real m. a former Spanish copper coin (real de vellón) worth 25 céntimos or 5 cents
realce m. luster, relief
realidad f. reality
realizar carry out; cash, convert into cash
realmente really
reanudar renew, resume
reaparecer reappear
rebajar lower, take off, deduct
rebañar scrape
rebelarse rebel
rebelde rebellious; n.m. rebel
rebosar overflow (with)
recado m. message
recamado, -a embroidered
recapitular sum up, go over a matter again
recargar load, burden
recatar conceal
recibir receive
reciente recent
reciprocidad f. reciprocity;
en su – from both parties
recíproco, -a reciprocal, mutual
reclamar demand, claim
recluir confine, keep in seclusion
recobrar recover
recoger get, pick up, receive, take charge of; p.p. in seclusion
recogimiento m. silent meditation
recomendación f. recommendation, influence
recomendar recommend, commend
recompensar reward
reconocer recognize, acknowledge; search through; p.p. grateful
reconocimiento m. scrutiny; recognition
reconstruir reconstruct
recordar remember; remind
recorrer go back and forth on
rectitud f. rectitude, uprightness
rector m. rector, principal
recurso m. resource; pl. means, funds
rechazar reject
red f. net
redentor m. redeemer
Redfern a famous Parisian ladies' tailor
redil m. (sheep)fold
redimir redeem
reducir reduce, bring to terms, overcome one's resistance
reducto m. redoubt
referir relate;
—se refer
refinado, -a refined
reflejo m. reflection; reflex, light reflected;
—– metálico luster (cf. note to III, 308)
reflexionar en think of, consider
reflexivo, -a meditating
reforma f. reform
refugio m. refuge
refulgente shining, sparkling
regatear haggle
regeneración f. regeneration
regio, -a royal, regal
registrar search
registro m. registry, record-office
regocijar make rejoice
regocijo m. mirth, hilarity
rehacerse rally, recover oneself
reina f. queen
reír(se) laugh
reja f. iron grating, bars or railing
relación f. relation;
entrar en —es con become on familiar terms with
relajar relax
relato m. narrative
religión f. religion
religioso, -a religious
reloj m. watch
relucir shine
remediar remedy, help;
—se de be relieved in
remedio m. remedy;
no tiene – it can't be helped
remesa f. remittance
remoquete m. nickname
remoto, -a remote
rencoroso, -a spiteful, V, 150 capable of expressing hatred
rendir conquer, overcome;
—se yield
renegar de refuse
renunciar (a) give up
reñir quarrel, scold
reparación f. restoration
reparar (en) notice, observe
reparón, -ona inquisitive
repentinamente suddenly
repetición f. repetition
repetir repeat
repicar ring a bell;
—– en el Cristo ring the bell at the shrine of the Christ
repique m. chime, peal
replegar fold up
replicar reply
reponer replace, reply;
—se recover
reprobación f. reprobation
reproducir reproduce, repeat, copy
repugnancia f. repugnance
repugnante repugnant, disgusting
repugnar de be repugnant to
reputación f. reputation
requisito m. requisite, required adjunct
requisitoria f. requisition; summons
reservar keep
resignarse resign oneself
resistencia f. resistence
resistir resist;
—se a hesitate to, dislike to
resolución f. resolution, resolve
resolver(se) resolve, decide;
—se change, settle
resorte m. spring
respetable worthy
respeto m. respect;
de – spare, extra; ceremonial, formal, "company"
respetuoso, -a respectful
respiración f. breathing
respirar breathe, breathe freely
resplandecer gleam, shine
responder answer, correspond
responsabilidad f. responsibility
responsable responsible
responso m. responsory for the dead
respuesta f. reply, answer
restablecer reëstablish
restante left over, remaining;
lo – the remainder
resto m. rest
resucitar resuscitate
resuelto, -a (p.p. of
resolver) settled
resultado m. result, product
resultar result, turn out, appear
retener retain, detain
retirar withdraw, take out, lead away;
—se retire
retórica f. rhetoric; pl. sophistry, quibbling
retrasado, -a late, behind time
retraso m. delay
retro:
a – (Latin) see note to I, 254
retroceder retreat, go back, back up, retire
reunir unite, put together;
—se get together
revelar reveal
reventar burst
reverencia f. bow
revestir dress (with ceremonial garb)
revolución f. revolution
revolver overturn, upset; p.p. topsy-turvy
rial = real
ricacho m. rich guy
ricachona f. very wealthy woman
Ricardo m. Richard
rico, -a rich
ridiculez f. folly; mortification
ridículo, -a ridiculous; n.m. ridicule, ridiculous plight
riesgo m. risk
rígido, -a rigid
rigor m. severity, strictness
riqueza f. riches
riquísimo, -a very rich, splendid
risa f. laughter; humor
ristra f. string (of onions, etc.)
risueño, -a smiling
ritual m. ritual;
libro de – prayer book, book of services
robar steal, rob, deprive of
robustez f. vigor
roca f. rock
rodar roll
rodear surround, encircle
rodilla f. knee;
de —s kneeling
rogar ask, request, plead
rojo, -a red
Roldán m. Roland
romería f. pilgrimage (to a country shrine; hence) picnic, festivity
romper break, tear;
—– a hablar begin to speak
rompimiento m. break, breaking off
ropa f. (also pl.) clothes
ropita f. II, 236 the little clothes you had
roquero, -a rocky, built on a rock
rosario m. rosary;
rezar el – tell one's beads
rosbif m. roast beef
rostro m. face
roto p.p. of
romper
rudo, -a rude, hard
Rue de Rivoli (French) Rivoli Street (in Paris, containing many famous shops)
ruido m. noise, racket
ruina f. ruin
ruinoso, -a ruinous
rumbo m. course
rumor m. sound, noise, report
Rusia f. Russia
ruso, -a Russian
rústico, -a rustic, rural
S
saber know, know how; learn (especially in the preterite tense);
¿qué sé yo? how do I know?
no sé qué some … or other
sabiduría f. wisdom
sacar draw out, take out, extract; draw on, find out, discover; get
saco m. sack, bag
sacrificar sacrifice
sacrificio m. sacrifice
sacristán m. sacristan, sexton
sagrado, -a sacred
sala f. parlor, hall, room
salado, -a witty, bright
saldo m. balance, settlement
saleroso, -a bright, witty
salir come out, issue, go out, get out, go away; enter (in stage directions); rise (of the sun); occur;
—se con la suya get one's own way
salón m. room, parlor, large hall
salpicar splash, dot
saltar jump, jump over, start, skip
salud f. health; salvation
saludable salutary
saludar greet; bow to, salute
saludo m. greeting
salvación f. salvation
salvador, -ra saving
salvar save
salvo except;
poner a – safeguard, preserve
sanción f. sanction, confirmation
Sanfelices Sanfelices
sangre f. blood; race
sano, -a healthy; whole
San Petersburgo Petrograd
Santamar not an actual Spanish place-name
santificar sanctify
santiguarse cross oneself
santísimo, -a most holy
santo, -a,
san, saint, holy, blessed; n.m. saint
santuario m. sanctuary
sartén f. frying pan
sastre m. tailor
satisfacción f. satisfaction; payment
satisfacer (p.p.
satisfecho) satisfy
sátrapa m. satrap (governor of a province among the ancient Persians)
se himself, herself, etc. (both accusative and dative); replaces any third person object pronoun before another
secar dry
seco, -a dry
secretear speak in private, whisper
secreto, -a secret; n.m. secret
secuestrar kidnap, keep in confinement
secular centuries old
seda f. silk
sedación f. calm, lull
seguida f.:
en – at once
seguir follow, continue; p.p. in succession
según according to; as; according as; that depends
segundo, -a second; latter
seguramente surely
seguridad f. certainty, safety
seguro, -a sure, safe, certain;
—o,
de —o certainly, without fail
seiscientos, -as six hundred
selecto, -a choice
sellar seal
semana f. week
semblante m. face, appearance
semejante similar, such, such a
semejanza f. resemblance
sencillez f. simplicity
sencillo, -a simple
sendero m. path
seno m. bosom
sentar seat; benefit; fix, plant;
—se sit down;
—– la cabeza be sensible, settle down;
—– la mano make felt the weight of one's displeasure
sentido m. sense;
—– común common sense
sentimiento m. sentiment
sentir feel; hear; regret, be sorry for
seña f. sign
señal f. sign
señalar mark; point to
señor m. sir, master, Mr., gentleman
señora f. lady, mistress; wife; Mrs., Madam
señorío m. nobility, upper class
señorita f. young lady, miss
señorito m. young gentleman
separación f. separation
separar separate, keep distinct;
—se depart, leave
septiembre m. September
ser be;
—– de belong to;
érase there was once
ser m. being
serenar calm
serenidad calmness
sereno, -a calm, cool-headed
serie f. series
sermón m. sermon
sermoneo m. sermonizing
servicio m. service
servidor m. servant
servil servile
servilismo m. servility
servir serve, be used, be of use, be fit;
para – a V. S. at your service;
—se be kind enough to
sesenta sixty
severidad f. severity
severo, -a severe
si if, whether; indeed, of course, why;
por – to see whether; in case
sí yes, indeed;
decir que – consent to marry; pron. himself, herself, itself, themselves
siempre always, ever;
—– que each time that, whenever; provided that
sierra f. mountain range
siglo m. century
significar signify, mean
signo m. sign
siguiente following, next
silencio m. silence
silencioso, -a silent, mute
Silesia f. a province of Prussia
silla f. chair
simpático, -a likable, congenial
simple simple, mere
simultáneamente simultaneously
sin without;
—– que without
sinceridad f. sincerity
sincero, -a sincere
sino but, except;
no… – only;
—– que but
siquiera even, at least;
ni –,
ni tan – not even
sitio m. spot, place
situación f. situation
soberano, -a sovereign
soberbio, -a proud; splendid
sobra f. remnant, leavings
sobrar be in excess, be superfluous; be left over;
medios le sobran he has a thousand ways;
le sobra razón he is entirely right
sobre above, on, upon; beside;
—– todo especially
sobre m. envelope
sobresaltado, -a startled
sobreseer (una causa) withdraw, suspend (a suit), grant a stay in proceedings
sobrina f. niece
sociedad f. society
socorrer aid, help
socorro m. aid, assistance
soga f. rope
sol m. sun;
hace – it is sunny;
de – a – from daybreak to dusk
soledad f. solitude; loneliness
solemne solemn
solemnidad f. solemnity
soler be accustomed, wont; be usually
solicitar beg for, ask for
sólido, -a solid
solitario, -a solitary
solito, -a all alone
solo, -a deserted; single, only, alone;
a solas alone
sólo only, alone
soltar loose, let go, let fly, turn loose
soltero, -a unmarried
solución f. solution
sollozar sob
sollozo m. sob
sombra f. shade, shadow
sombrero m. hat
someter subject, submit, subjugate
Somonte pr.n. (as adj. rough, crude)
son m. sound
sonar sound, sound natural
sonido m. sound
sonreír smile
sonrisa f. smile
sonrojo m. blush; offense (which causes a blush)
soñador m. dreamer
soñar (con) dream (of)
sopa f. (also pl.) soup with slices of bread in it
soportar endure, support
sordidez f. stinginess
sorprender surprise, catch
sorpresa f. surprise
sortija f. ring
sosegarse calm down, become quiet
sospecha f. suspicion
sospechar suspect, imagine
sostén m. support
sostener sustain, uphold, support
sostenimiento m. support
sotana f. cassock
subida f. rise, ascent
subir rise, come up, go up, climb; raise, hoist
súbito, -a sudden
suceder happen; follow, replace
suceso m. event, occurrence
sucumbir succumb
suelo m. floor; ground;
por los —s on the ground, at the bottom
sueño m. sleep; dream;
tener – be sleepy
suerte f. luck, fate; good luck; way, manner
sufragio m. good deed which is applied to the aid of souls in purgatory
sufrimiento m. suffering
sufrir suffer
sugerir suggest
suicidarse commit suicide
suicidio m. suicide
sujeto, -a subject; fastened; n.m. subject; fellow, person
suma f. sum
sumamente extremely
superfluo, -a superfluous
superior superior, of fine quality
super-mujer f. superwoman
súplica f. request
suplicar beg, request
suplicio m. torment
supremo, -a supreme
suprimir suppress
suscripción f. subscription
suspender suspend, hang, cease
suspenso, -a in suspense
suspirar sigh
suspiro m. sigh
sustentar support, maintain
sustituir take the place of
susto m. fright, shock
sutil subtle
suyo, -a his, hers, its, theirs; of his, etc.;
el –,
la -a, etc. pron. his, hers, its, theirs;
hacer de las suyas be up to (his) usual tricks
T
tabla f. board, plank
tal such, such a, of the sort;
el – the said (person);
con – que,
con – de que provided that;
¿qué –? how is it going?
—– vez perhaps
talento m. talent
tallar cut, carve
tamaño, -a so great, of the size of; III, 80
—os así so big (with a gesture showing height); n.m. size
también also
tampoco neither, not either, nor that either
tan so, as, such a;
—– sólo only
tantico m. bit
tanto, -a so much, so many (sometimes used with singular noun in plural sense);
por lo – therefore
tanto adv. so much; n.m. a little;
en – que while;
entre – meanwhile
tapar conceal, cover up; stop, plug
tardanza f. delay
tardar delay, be late
tarde late;
lo más – at the latest; n.f. afternoon
tarea f. task, labor
tarja f. tally stick (with notches, which form a primitive method of counting)
te m. tea
teatro m. theater
techo m. roof, ceiling
tela f. cloth
telegrama m. telegram
temblar tremble
temer fear, be afraid
temeroso, -a timid, afraid
temor m. fear
templado, -a lukewarm, mild; tempered
temprano, -a early
tendero m. shopkeeper
tenebroso, -a dark, gloomy
tener have, hold, keep;
—– que hacer have to, be obliged to, do;
tengo que hacer I have work to do;
—– por consider
Teodolinda f. Theodolinda
Teplitz Teplitz-Schönau (a town in Bohemia, with warm springs for bathing)
tercero, -a third
Teresa f. Theresa
terminar end
término m. end;
primer – foreground
ternura f. tenderness
territorio m. territory, country, district within the jurisdiction of a court
tesón m. obstinacy, persistence, tenacity, firmness
tesoro m. treasure
testamento m. will, testament
tez f. complexion, skin
tié =
tiene
tiempo m. time; weather;
a – in time;
va para – will take a long time
tienda f. shop, store
tierno, -a tender
tierra f. earth, soil; land, country, native place, home
timbre m. tone
timidez f. timidity
tímido, -a timid
tío m. uncle; fellow, old man
tipo m. type
tiranía f. tyranny
tiránico, -a tyrannical
tirano m. tyrant
tirar pull, drag; throw; attract; I, 100
tirando dragging about; V, 90
a eso tira that's what he's working for
título m. title
tiznar smear, begrime, smuten
tizne m. grime
tocar touch; befit; play;
me toca it falls to me or is my turn;
a toca-teja cash down
todavía still, yet
todito, -a absolutely all
todo, -a all, every;
en – este año some time during the present year; n.m. all, everything;
con – nevertheless;
del – entirely, completely, quite
toilette (French) attire, dress
to l' =
todo el
tolerancia f. tolerance
tolerar tolerate, endure, allow
tomar take, undertake;
¡toma! I declare! well!
tonelada f. ton
tontaina m. fool, dolt
tontín m. silly boy
tonto, -a silly, foolish; n.m. fool, idiot
toque m. stroke
torbellino m. whirl, rush
torcer twist, turn aside; wring
tormento m. torment
torre f. tower
tortura f. torture
tosco, -a rough, rude
trabajador, -ra hard-working; n.m. laborer, workingman
trabajar work
trabajo m. work, labor, effort
trabajoso, -a toilsome
traer carry, bring, keep
tráfico m. traffic, trade
tragar swallow
traída f. bringing;
—– de aguas waterworks
train =
traen
traje m. suit, clothes
tramitación f. proceeding;
poner en – set in motion
trance m. emergency, crisis;
a todo – at any cost
tranquilidad f. peacefulness, calm
tranquilo, -a peaceful, quiet, at ease, free from anxiety
transformar transform
transición f. transition, change
trapito m. little rag, remnant
trapo m. rag, cloth; pl. (colloquial) women's clothes
tras after, behind;
—– de behind
trastornar upset, disturb
trastorno m. disorder, confusion
tratamiento m. treatment; title of courtesy, mode of address
tratar treat; get well acquainted with;
—– de try to; speak of, discuss, consider
trato m. bargain, business; intercourse, acquaintance
través m.:
al – de through, across
travieso, -a mischievous
traza f. appearance, looks
trazar trace
trecho m. distance
treinta thirty
tremendo, -a terrible
trémulo, -a trembling
tren m. train
tres three;
las – three o'clock
tribulación f. trouble, trial
trigo m. wheat
trinidad f. trinity
trino, -a triune (containing three in one)
triple m. triple, three times the
triste sad, wretched
tristeza f. sadness, sorrow
triunfante triumphant
triunfo m. triumph
tronado, -a ruined
tronco m. trunk
trozo m. bit, section, piece
trujo =
trajo
turbar confuse, disturb;
—se become confused
tutear address with
tú, speak familiarly to
tuteo m. thouing (addressing in the second person singular)
U
ultimatum (Latin) ultimatum
último, -a last, final, latest; latter
ultraje m. insult
únicamente only
único, -a only, single
unión f. union
unir unite, join;
—se a join
universo m. universe
urbanidad f. urbanity, courtesy
urbanización f. city planning, carrying out municipal works (paving, lighting, etc.)
urgencia f. urgency
usar use;
prenda usada second-hand article
uso m. use
usura f. usury
utensilio m. utensil
V
vaciar empty
vacilación f. hesitation
vacilante hesitating
vacilar hesitate
vacío, -a vacant, empty; n.m. void
vagabundo, -a wandering
vago, -a vague
vagón m. railway car, car
vajilla f. table service
valentía f. courage
valer be worth, be of use; avail, bring; defend, protect;
—– más be better;
—se de make use of, have recourse to
valeroso, -a brave, gallant
valiente brave, courageous; fine
valioso, -a valuable
valor m. worth, value; courage
valle m. valley, vale
vanidad f. vanity
vanidoso, -a vain, conceited
vano, -a vain, empty
variado, -a varied
variar (de) change
vaso m. glass
¡vaya! (from
ir) I declare! fine!
¡– con el milagro! a great miracle that is!
vecindad f. locality, neighborhood, proximity
vecino, -a neighboring; n. neighbor; inhabitant
veinte twenty
veinticuatro twenty-four
vejamen m. annoyance, persecution
vela f. candle
velar (por) keep watch, keep guard (over)
velo m. veil
velocidad f. speed;
en pequeña – by freight
vencer conquer, overcome; fall due
vencida f. vanquishment;
a la cuarta [vez] va la – the fourth time never fails
vencimiento m. falling due
vendedor, -ra m. and f. vender
vender sell
veneciano, -a Venetian
venganza f. revenge
vengar revenge
venia f. permission
venir come;
bien venido welcome
venta f. sale
ventaja f. advantage
ventajoso, -a advantageous
ventana f. window
ventanal m. large window
ventolera f. whim
ver see;
a – let's see;
vamos a – look here;
no puedo —le I can't bear the sight of him;
por lo visto apparently
verano m. summer
veras:
de – really
verdad f. truth; genuine;
de – really;
es – it is true;
la – in truth;
¿– que sí? was it really?
¿no es –? isn't that so?
verdadero, -a real
verde green
vergonzoso, -a timid, bashful
vergüenza f. shame; shameful thing; sense of shame
vértigo m. dizziness; insanity
vestido m. dress, garment; pl. clothes
vestigio m. vestige, trace
vestimenta f. clothes, dress
vestir dress, clothe, wear
vez f. time, turn;
a la – at the same time, together;
otra – again;
a veces,
a las veces sometimes;
tal – perhaps;
de una – once for all;
una – once;
cada – más more and more;
en – de instead of;
de – en cuando from time to time
via crucis (Latin) way of the cross
viaje m. journey
viajero m. traveler
vibración f. vibration
Vicenta f. of Vincent
vicio m. vice, bad habit
víctima f. victim
vida f. life;
en mi – never in my life
vidrio m. windowpane, glass
viejo, -a old
viento m. wind;
con la cabeza llena de – full of airs
vigilar keep watch
vigoroso, -a vigorous
vil vile, base
vilipendiar revile
villa f. town, city
villano, -a villainous; n.m. rustic, villain
vino m. wine
violación f. violation, breaking open
violento, -a violent, hard
virgen f. virgin
virtud f. virtue, good quality
visita f. visit; visitor
visitar visit
vista f. sight, eyes; appearance; view, vista;
a la – plain, evident, in plain sight;
se me va la – I go blind
vistazo m. glance
viuda f. widow
vivamente quickly, excitedly
viveza f. quickness
vivienda f. lodgings, rooms
vivir live;
—– de live on or by;
viva hurrah for, vive;
¿quién vive? who goes there?
vivo, -a alive, living; intense, bright; quick, lively;
a —a fuerza by main force
vocación f. vocation
volar fly
voltereta f. somersault, turn
voluminoso, -a voluminous
voluntad f. will; good will
volver turn, return;
—– a hacer do again;
—– en sí recover consciousness;
—se become; return
voz f. voice; shout; word, report;
en – alta aloud
vuecencia f. (=
vuestra excelencia) your honor, your worship
vuelta f. turn, return; change; trip
vulgar vulgar, common, ordinary
vulgaridad f. vulgarity