Бенито Перес Гальдос
Heath's Modern Language Series: Mariucha
autoritario, -a authoritative
autorizar authorize, make lawful
auxiliar m. assistant
auxilio m. aid
avanzar advance
ave f. bird, fowl
avenirse (a) agree (to), be willing;
—– (con) correspond (to)
aventurar risk;
—se venture, make bold; p.p. venturesome
avergonzarse be ashamed
avisar send word, warn, notify
aviso m. notification, warning;
mandar — send word
ay ah! alas!
¡– de! alas for…, woe to…
ayer yesterday
ayuda f. aid
ayudar aid, help
ayuntamiento m. city hall, city government
azaroso, -a checkered; unfortunate
azulejo m. glazed tile
B
bailar dance
baile m. dance
bajá m. pasha
bajar descend, go down, come down, sink, drop; lower
bajo, -a short, low, lower, lowest; of low station;
piso —o first floor;
—o,
en voz —a,
por lo —o in an undertone;
—o comercio petty trade
bajo under, beneath
balcón m. balcony
banco m. bank; bench
bandurria f. a sort of small guitar
banqueta f. stool
bañar bathe
baño m. bath
barato, -a cheap
Bárbara f. Barbara
bárbaro, -a barbarous; stupid
Barcelona f. the capital city of Catalonia, and the chief manufacturing city of Spain; on the Mediterranean; more than 1,000,000 inhabitants
barnizar varnish
barredera f. dragnet
barrer sweep
barriga f. belly
base f. basis
bastante enough, plenty, much, no little, a good deal
bastar be enough, suffice
bastón m. cane
basura f. garbage, rubbish
batalla f. battle, struggle
batirse fight (a duel)
bautismal baptismal
beatífico, -a beatific
beber drink, drink up
belleza f. beauty
bello, -a beautiful, fair
bendecir bless
bendición f. blessing
bendito, -a blessed
benevolencia f. kindness
benigno, -a mild
berza f. cabbage
besar kiss
beso m. kiss
bíblico, -a Biblical
bien well, very well, all right; indeed; very;
o — or else;
no — no sooner
bien m. good; blessing, dear;
—es,
—es de fortuna property, estate;
—es raíces real estate
billete m. ticket; bill, bank-note
blanco, -a white
blanquear whiten, cleanse
blasfemia f. blasphemy
bobita f. silly girl
boda f. wedding
Bohemia f. the crystal glass manufactured in the neighborhood of Haida and Steinschönau, Bohemia, is world-famous
bola f. ball
bolsillo m. pocket
bolsón m. big purse
bondad f. goodness, kindness
bonito, -a pretty
bordar embroider
borrar erase, wipe out
borrico m. donkey
bosque m. wood
Brasil, el m. Brazil
bravísimo splendid! fine!
bravo, -a wild; courageous
brazo m. arm
breve short, brief
bribón m.,
-ona f. rascal, scoundrel, wretch
brillante brilliant, bright; n.m. diamond
brillar shine
brillo m. show, appearance, brilliancy
brío m. spirit, energy
broma, bromita f. jest, joke
bronce m. bronze
brotar bud, burst forth
brusco, -a sudden
brutalidad f. brutality
bruto, -a stupid, ill-mannered; n.m. brute, beast, stupid
búcaro m. earthen jar
bueno, -a good, kind, good-hearted; fine, nice;
estar — be well;
—o very well, all right;
—o está this is fine
buffet m. (French) refreshments
bulla f. racket, shouting
burla f. joke, trick; mockery, sneer
burlarse (de) make fun (of), jeer (at)
burlón, -ona mocking
buscar seek, hunt, look for
butaca f. armchair; orchestra seat (in a theater)
C
cabal complete, perfect
caballero m. gentleman; sir
caballo m. horse;
a — on horseback
cabello m. (a single) hair; pl. hair (of the head)
caber be contained in; be room for; be possible
cabeza f. head; mind;
un mala — a scapegrace, wild fellow
cabizbajo, -a dejected
cacicón m. super-boss
cacique m. (political) boss
cada each, every;
– cual each one
cadáver m. corpse
cadena f. chain
cadete m. cadet, schoolboy
Cádiz Cadiz (the southernmost large city of Spain; an important Atlantic seaport with 70,000 inhabitants)
caer fall; suit;
– en notice, think of; II, 485
no había caído … I hadn't thought of that
cafetín m. small café
caja f. box; wrapping
cajón m. drawer; box
calavera m. rake, scapegrace
calcular calculate
calificación f. description, judgment
calma f. calm
calmar calm
calmoso, -a calm, slow
calor m. heat, warmth;
hace — it is hot
calvario m. Calvary, place of torment
calzada f. highway, avenue
calzado m. footwear
callar be silent, keep still; omit to mention, conceal
calle f. street
cambiar change, exchange
cambio m. change, exchange;
en — on the other hand
caminata f. trip, journey
camino m. way, road
camisolín m. ruffle (on the neck or bosom)
campana f. bell
campaneo m. sound of bells
campesino, -a m. and f. countryman, countrywoman
campo m. field; country
canalla f. mob, rabble; m. scoundrel
cancelar cancel
candelero m. candlestick
candoroso, -a naïve
cangrejo m. crab, crayfish
cansar weary, tire;
—se grow tired; trouble oneself
cantar sing; crow; n.m. song
cántaro m. jug, jar
cantidad f. quantity, sum
canto m. song
capa f. cape, cloak
capilla f. chapel
capital m. capital, wealth; f. capital (city)
capitalito m. neat little capital
capricho m. caprice, whim
cara f. face
carantoñas f.pl. wheedling, caressing
carbón m. coal
carbonero m. coal
carbonífero, -a carboniferous, coal-bearing
cárcel f. jail, prison
carecer de lack, be without
carga f. burden, load
cargamento m. load
cargar load
cargazón f. cargo, loading on
cargo m. burden, duty; care, charge;
hacerse – de consider, regard
carguita f. small load
caridad f. charity
carilla f. page
cariño m. affection, caress
cariñoso, -a affectionate
Carlsbad a city in Bohemia with famous hot springs
carne f. meat, flesh
caro, -a dear
carretero m. carter, cart driver, truckman
carro m. cart, coach
carta f. letter
cartera f. wallet, pocketbook
casa f. house; family; firm;
a — home;
en — at home
casamiento m. marriage
casar marry (trans. and intrans.);
—se con marry
casco m. frame, crown (of a hat)
caserón m. great old house
casi almost
caso m. case; fact;
al — to the point;
hacer – de or
a pay attention to; I, 445
estar en el – de be the sort of person to
casorio m. (hasty) marriage
casta f. race, family
castañeteo m. clack
castaño m. chestnut tree
castigar punish
castigo m. punishment
castillo m. castle
casual casual, result of chance; I, 678
de lo más — pure chance
casualidad f. chance
catedral f. cathedral
catequizar catechize
caterva f. crowd, mob
catorce fourteen
caudal m. sum, estate, fortune, property
causa f. cause; (law) case;
formar — bring suit
causar cause
cauteloso, -a cautious
caverna f. cavern
caviloso, -a distrustful
cebolla f. onion
ceder yield, make over, grant the use of
cegar blind;
—se lose control of oneself
celestial heavenly
centella f. lightning; spark;
al modo de — very suddenly
céntimo m. centime (1/100 of a peseta, or 1/5 of a cent)
centinela m. and f. sentinel
centro m. center
cerámica f. ceramics (the art of pottery)
cerca near, close;
– de near, nearby
cercano, -a nearby, close at hand
cerradura f. lock
cerrajería f. locksmith's work or trade
cerrar close, shut, seal
cesta f. (large) basket, hamper
cestilla f. small basket
ciego, -a blind
cielo m. heaven; sky;
– mío my darling;
el dinero del — charity money
ciencia f. science; knowledge
ciento, cien one hundred;
por — per cent
ciertamente certainly
cierto, -a true, certain; a certain;
de —o for certain;
estar en lo —o be right;
por —o to be sure;
ser —o be true
cincuenta fifty
cínico m. cynic
cinismo m. cynicism
cintura f. waist
circunstancia f. circumstance
ciudad f. city
civil civil;
guardia — rural police
civilmente according to the common law
claridad f. light; clearness
clarito perfectly plain
claro, -a clear, evident; plain-spoken; bright;
—o of course
clase f. kind, class, rank
claustrado, -a cloistered, (of a patio) having an arcaded walk about the sides
claustro m. cloister
clave f. key
clavel m. pink, carnation
clero m. clergy
cobarde cowardly
cobardía f. cowardice
cobrar collect
cocina f. kitchen; cooking, cuisine
cocinero, -a m. and f. cook
coco m. bugaboo, bogy man
coche m. coach, carriage; stage
cochinito m. little pig
coger catch, seize, take; pick
coincidencia f. coincidence
cola f. train (of a gown)
colegio m. college (corresponding in grade to our boarding school)
cólera f. anger
coliseo m. theater, playhouse
colocación f. investment
colocar place, find a position for, invest
colosal tremendous
comanditario: negocio — silent partnership (in which one party furnishes capital but has no share in the management)
combate m. combat
combatir oppose
combinación f. combination
comedia f. comedy, play
comedimiento m. decency
comer eat; devour; gnaw; dine
comercial commercial
comercianta f. business woman
comerciante m. merchant, dealer
comercio m. commerce, business
cometer commit
comida f. food; dinner
comisión f. commission
como as, like; as if, if; about;
– que since; why! to such an extent that
cómo how, how much, what, why; like what;
¿A – dais? For what do you sell…?
comodidad f. comfort
cómodo, -a comfortable, convenient
compadecer,
—se de pity, feel sorry for; p.p. pitying
compañero, -a m. and f. companion
compañía f. company
compartir share
compasión f. pity;
tener — pity
compasivo, -a pitying, of pity
complacer please, satisfy
completo, -a complete;
por —o completely
complicidad f. complicity
comprar buy
compra-y-vende III, 167 going into business
comprender understand
compromiso m. obligation
compungido, -a sorrowful
común common;
por lo — usually
comunicación f. communication
comunicar communicate
con with, by;
– que and so
conceder grant; yield
concepto m. conception, idea, opinion
conciencia f. conscience, consciousness;
a toda — very conscientiously
concierto m. concert
concluir finish, conclude;
casa concluida a ruined house
concordia f. harmony
condenado m. wretch
condenar, condemn; p.p. confounded
condición f. condition; disposition;
en —es ventajosas at a high rate of interest
conducir conduct, escort, convey
conducta f. conduct
conducto m. channel;
por – mío through my hands
conferenciar hold a conference
confesar confess, confess to
confesonario m. confession
confesor m. confessor
confianza f. confidence
confiar (en) trust, hope; p.p. trustful, confident
confirmación f. confirmation
confirmar confirm, make good
conflicto m. conflict, conflicting emotions, plight
conformarse con agree to
conforme (a) corresponding to, agreeing with; adv. agreed
conformidá = conformidad f. agreement
confundir confuse, confound, mingle
confuso, -a confused
conjunto m. union
conmigo with me
conmover affect, stir the feelings of
conocer know, be acquainted with;
se conoce it is evident
conocimiento m. acquaintance, knowledge
conquistador m. conqueror (applied chiefly to the Spanish explorers of America)
consagrar devote
conseguir obtain, accomplish; succeed
consentir consent, consent to
conservar keep, still have, preserve;
—se be preserved
considerable important, large
consideración f. consideration, considerateness; importance;
de — important
considerar consider; p.p. considerate
consistir consist
consolar console
constante constant, unchanging
consternación f. consternation
consternado, -a in consternation
consuelo m. consolation
consumar consummate, put into effect, bring about
contar tell, relate; consider; count;
– con count upon, rely upon, expect; possess, call one's own
contemplar watch, observe
contener restrain; hold back; contain
contenido m. contents
contentarse be satisfied with
contento, -a satisfied, pleased, happy; n.m. contentedness, happiness
contestación f. answer
contestar answer, reply
continuar continue
continuo, -a continuous, constant
contra against;
en – mía against me
contraer contract
contrariar vex, oppose
contrario, -a opposite, contrary;
al —o on the contrary
contratiempo m. setback, disappointment
contratista m. contractor
convencer convince
conveniencia f. convenience
conveniente expedient, desirable
convenio m. agreement
convenir (en) agree (to); be fitting, proper, necessary; suit
convento m. convent
convertir convert
convicción f. conviction
convidar invite
coquetear coquette
corazón m. heart, affection, courage
cordial cordial
Corinto m. Corinth (an ancient Grecian city);
pasa de — currant (the name currant is derived from Corinth whence the fruit is said to have come first)
corona f. crown
coronel m. colonel
corpulento, -a thick, of great girth
corral m. yard, corral
corregir correct, make a correction
correo m. mail
correr run; spread
corresponder correspond; respond, belong
correspondiente corresponding
corretaje m. commission
corriente current, ordinary;
– de zurcidos y arreglos all darned and in order
corro m. group, circle
corromper spoil, corrupt; p.p. corrupt
corrupción f. corruption
corruptela f. abuse
cortadura f. cut, notch
cortar cut, cut short, interrupt;
– el paso block the path
corte m. cut;
dar un – a put a stop to
corte f. court, capital;
hacer la – a court, woo
cortés courteous
cortesía f. courtesy
corteza f. bark
cortito, -a very short
corto, -a short, small;
—a edad early age;
– de entendimiento ignorant, stupid
cosa f. thing, something;
poca — not much; pl. whims, ideas; affairs;
– de about;
era – de arrastrarla she deserves to be dragged by the hair
cosecha f. crop, harvest
coser sew
cosilla f. trifle
costar cost
coste m. cost
costumbre f. habit, custom;
de — usual
cotizable quotable, quoted (on the stock exchange)
creador m. creator
crear create
crecer grow, increase; p.p. large, great
crédito m. credit;
documento de — commercial paper
creer believe, think
crescendo m. growing louder
criada f. (maid) servant
criado m. servant
criar nurse, bring up
criatura f. creature; child
crimen m. crime
criminal m. criminal
crisis f. crisis, attack
cristal m. glass, window;
de —es glassed in
cristalería f. glasswork, glass, glassware
cristiano, -a Christian
Cristo m. Christ; I, 59
¡– con ella! bless her heart!
¡– con todos! bless my soul! etc. (but in Spanish these are more drastic oaths)
crítica f. criticism
crucifijo m. crucifix
crudeza f. plainness, crudeness
cruel cruel
crueldad f. cruelty
crujía f. row or suite of adjoining rooms
cruz f. cross
cruzar cross, fold
cual which;
el, la, lo —, etc., rel. pron. which;
cada — each one;
– si as if;
tal o — such and such a
cuál what, which, of what sort
cualidad f. quality
cualquiera,
cualquier any, of an ordinary kind; whatever; pron. whoever, any one; often used ironically as V, 18
– la
rinde no one can subdue her; n.m. commonplace fellow, anybody
cuán how
cuando when;
de vez en — from time to time
cuanto, -a as much, as much as, all, all that, whatever;
tanto o —o a certain sum; pl. all who;
unos —os a few;
en —o as soon as;
en —o a as for
cuánto, -a how much, how many
cuarenta forty
cuarto, -a fourth;
a la –a va la vencida the fourth time cannot fail
cuarto m. quarter; room; copper coin worth four maravedís (i.e., 2/17 of a real or about 2/3 of a cent)
cuatro four;
las — four o'clock
cuatrocientos, -as four hundred
cubrir cover
cuchillo m. knife
cuello m. neck
cuenta f. account; bill;
sacar — reckon;
hacerse – de consider;
tener en — consider, take into account
cuentecita f. little account
cuento m. story, tale
cuerda f. rope, string; I, 608
se le acabó la — she's at the end of her string; V, 25
de esa — of that sort
cuerpo m. body; mass; waist
cuesta f. slope;
a —s on one's back
cuestión f. problem, question, dispute
cueva f. cave, den
cuidado m. care, attention; fear;
estar al — watch
cuidadosamente carefully
cuidar (de) take care (of), keep; I, 993 do my best;
—se pay attention (to)
culpa f. fault, blame, guilt
culpable guilty
cultivar cultivate, foster
cultivo m. cultivation, farming methods
culto, -a cultured; n.m. worship; cult, religion
cumplimiento m. compliment; accomplishment, fulfilment
cumplir fulfil, keep, perform, carry out; complete
cura m. priest
curia f. bar, legal profession
curial legal
curiosear pry around, eavesdrop
curiosidad f. curiosity
curioso, -a curious, strange; inquisitive
curiosón, -ona inquisitive
curita dim. of
cura
cursi m. and f. snob, aspirant to high society, newly rich person; one of bad taste
cuyo, -a whose, of which, of whom
Ch
Chablès a French city about 100 miles southeast of Paris. In the district near it a famous white wine is produced
charlar gossip, chat
Charlottenbrunn a village in Prussia near Breslau, with alkaline waters
chico, -a little, small; n.m. boy, little fellow; youth, young fellow; pl. children
chiquilla f. child, girl
chiquillo m. child, boy
chopo m. poplar
choque m. shock
D
dama f. lady
damasco m. damask
dar give;
– a open on;
me da por I have a liking to;
– de sí afford;
– la mano a help;
—se por consider oneself;
le ha dado la ventolera she has taken it into her head;
lo mismo da it's the same thing
de of, from; in; with; by; than; as
deber owe; ought, should;
debe de he must or is to
deber m. duty;
en – a owing
débil weak
debilidad f. weakness
decadencia f. decadence, decay
decidir decide, resolve; (also refl.)
decir say, speak, tell; call; mean;
diz it is said; p.p.
dicho aforesaid
declaración f. declaration
declarar declare, make a statement
decoración f. decoration
decoro m. honor, reputation
decoroso, -a decent, proper
dedo m. finger
defecto m. defect, failing
defender defend, protect
degradar degrade
dehesa f. pasture
dejar leave; let, allow; let alone; give up;
—– de fail to; cease to; I, 727
– mal disoblige
delantal m. apron
delante in front (of one);
por – to the fore
delatar report, make known
delicado, -a delicate
delirar be delirious, get foolish
delirio m. madness
delito m. crime
demás remaining;
lo —,
los — the rest, other;
por lo — otherwise
demonio m. devil, demon, deuce;
tener los —s en el cuerpo be very sharp
dentro within;
– de,
por – de within; V, 145
me sale de — it comes natural
deparar grant
depender depend
depravado, -a depraved
derecha f. right hand, right side
derecho, -a right; straight; n.m. right; law
derramar shed
desabrochar unhook, unbutton
desagradable unpleasant
desairar rebuff, repulse
desalentado, -a discouraged; breathless
desaliento m. discouragement
desalojar dispossess, turn out
desaparecer disappear
desarmado, -a unarmed
desarrollarse develop, grow
desarrollo m. development
desastre m. disaster
desatinado, -a foolish, crazy
desazón f. displeasure, worry
descalzo, -a barefoot
descanso m. rest
descarado, -a impudent, impertinent
descarnado, -a undisguised
descasar unmarry
descender descend, alight
desconcertar disconcert, confound;
—se become confused
desconfianza f. lack of confidence, distrust
desconfiar distrust, fear that … not; p.p. distrustful
desconocer be ignorant of; not to recognize; p.p. unknown
desconsolado, -a disconsolate
desconsuelo m. affliction
descontar discount, deduct
descrédito m. discredit
describir describe
descripción f. description
descriptivo, -a descriptive
descubierto, -auncovered, bare
descubrimiento m. discovery
descubrir discover, find out; reveal, disclose; give away, tell on; uncover;
—se take off one's hat
descuidar be easy, not to worry;
—se neglect, be careless or slothful
desde from; since;
– los diez años since I was ten years old;
– luego at once; of course;
– que since
desdén m. disdain
desdicha f. misfortune
desdichado, -a unfortunate, poor
desdoblar unfold
desear wish, desire
desechar put aside
desencantar disenchant, destroy the illusions of
desengaño m. disappointment, disillusionment
desenmascarar unmask
desentenderse de pretend not to notice, avoid responsibility for
desenterrar disinter, unearth
deseo m. desire
deseoso, -a desirous
desesperación f. despair
desfachatado, -a impudent, shameless
desfogar vent, free, relieve
desgracia f. misfortune;
por — unfortunately
desgraciado, -a unfortunate
deshonra f. dishonor
deshonrar dishonor
designar indicate, specify
desistir desist
deslumbrar dazzle
desmandado, -a disobedient
desmayo m. fainting
desmedido, -a unusual, excessive
desmentir give the lie to
desmerecer lose merit, decline
desnudo, -a naked, destitute, bare
desobedecer disobey
desolado, -a in despair
desorden m. disorder
despacio m. slowly; at leisure
despechar enrage
despedir dismiss; accompany on departure;
—se de take leave of
despejar clear away, clear out;
—se clear up, grow bright
despensa f. pantry
despertar(se) wake up
despierto, -a awake
desplegar display
despojar strip, change one's clothes
despotricar (familiar) talk wildly, fly off the handle
despreciar despise
despreciativo, -a scornful
desprecio m. scorn, disdain
desprenderse de take off
después afterward, later;
– de after
destapar uncover, open
destierro m. exile
destino m. destination; position, job (especially in the government service); fate
destrozar lacerate
desvanecerse faint away; p.p. giddy
desvanecimiento m. faintness
desvarío m. extravagance, derangement
desvelado, -a wakeful, watchful
desventura f. misfortune, trial
desvergüenza f. impudence
desvivirse por make every effort to
detener arrest, stop;
—se stop
determinación f. resolve
determinar find out, determine, fix, define, decide;
—se a make up one's mind to; p.p. specific, certain
detrás (de) behind
deuda f. debt
devoción f. devotion;
a su — devoted to him
devolver return, give back, restore
devorar devour, take in silence
día m. day;
de — by day, by daylight, daytime;
buenos —s good morning
diablo m. devil, the deuce
diablura f. prank, mischief, deviltry
diabólico, -a diabolic
diamante m. diamond
dicha f. happiness, good luck
dicho, -a aforesaid
dichoso, -a happy, fortunate;
el – arreglo that blessed remodeling
Diego m. James
difunto, -a dead, deceased
dignarse deign, be so good as to
dignidad f. dignity
digno, -a worthy
dilación f. delay
dilema m. dilemma
diligencia f. diligence
dimonio = demonio
dineral m. mint of money, vast sum
dinerito m. small sum
dinero m. money
Dios m. God;
¡– mío! I declare! oh dear!
vaya usted con — good-bye
diputado m. deputy (representative elected to the Congreso)
directamente directly
dirigir direct;
—se go toward, go to, address
discípula f. pupil
discreción f. discretion
discreto, -a discreet, sensible, intelligent
discurrir conceive the idea, think up
disgustar displease, annoy
disgusto m. disappointment, disgust; sorrow, annoyance
disimular dissimilate, disguise
disipación f. dissipation
disparar fire (a gun);
—se burst out; p.p. uncontrolled
dispensar excuse, pardon
displicente surly, cross
disponer dispose, arrange, prepare;
– de dispose of, have at one's disposal;
—se get ready; p.p. disposed, ready
disposición f. intention, frame of mind
disputa f. dispute
disputar dispute
distancia f. distance;
a — from a distance
distinción f. distinction
distinguir distinguish, favor; p.p. distinguished, of high social station
distinto, -a different
distraer distract, amuse
distribución f. distribution
distribuir distribute
divagar wander
divertir amuse; p.p. amusing
dividir divide
divino, -a divine
diz see decir
documento m. document;
– de crédito commercial paper
dolor m. sorrow, grief
dolorido, -a pained
doloroso, -a painful, full of grief
domar tame, conquer
dominar master, dominate
don don, Mr. (gentleman's title, used only before the Christian name)
donde where; in which, upon which;
– quiera wherever
dónde where;
¿por —? which way?
dormir sleep
dos two;
a las — at two o'clock
doscientos, -as two hundred
duda f. doubt;
sin — surely
dudar doubt, hesitate
duelo m. duel; grief
dueño m. master, owner
dulce soft, sweet; m.pl. sweets, candy
duplicar double
duque m. duke
duquesa f. duchess
durante during
durar last, remain
dureza f. harshness
duro, -a hard, severe; n.m. dollar (five pesetas)