Бенито Перес Гальдос
Heath's Modern Language Series: Mariucha
J
¡ja, ja! ha, ha!
Jacinto m. Hyacinth
jactancia f. boasting, conceit
jactancioso, -a boastful
jamás never; ever
jamón m. ham
jardín m. garden
jefe m. chief, head; III, 27 chef
Jesucristo m. Christ
Jesús m. Jesus; (as an exclamation) Heavens! gracious!
¡– me valga! Heaven save us!
jornal m. day's earnings, wages
Josefita f. Josie
joven young; m. and f. young man, young woman
jovenzuela f. girl of poor appearance
jovialidad f. joviality
joya f. jewel, gem
júbilo m. joy, jubilation, rejoicing
Judas m. Judas;
más falso que — an utter fraud, utterly false
juececillo m. little judge
juego m. game, gambling
juez m. judge
jugar play
juicio m. wits, judgment, decision;
tener — be sensible
julio m. July
juntar join
junto, -a near, beside; pl. together; prep.
junto a near
juramento m. oath
jurar swear
jurídico, -a legal, juridical
justicia f. justice; forces of the law
justiciero, -a just, with the sternness of a judge
justo, -a just, righteous; exact; adv.
-o just so; right
juventud f. youth
juzgado m. court; courthouse
juzgar judge
L
labio m. lip
laborioso, -a hard-working
lado m. side, direction
lago m. lake
lágrima f. tear
lamentarse complain
lamento m. complaint
lámpara f. lamp
lana f. wool
lanzar utter;
—se a enter
lapis-lazuli m. lapis lazuli
largas f.pl.;
dar — play for time
largo, -a long
lástima f. pity; pitiful object, wreck;
me da — I feel sorry for;
le tengo — I feel sorry for him
lastimero, -a sorrowful, sad, regretful
lateral lateral, side
lavar wash, wash away
lección f. lesson
leer read
legado m. legacy
legítimo, -a legitimate, lawful
lejano, -a distant
lejos far, at a distance
lengua f. tongue, language
lenguaje m. language
lentitud f. slowness
lento, -a slow
leña f. wood, firewood
león m. lion
León m. Leon
letra f. letter, bill of exchange
levantar raise;
—se get up, arise
ley f. law; loyalty; legal standard;
de — genuine
leyenda f. inscription, motto
libertad f. liberty
libertar set free, free
libramiento m. order, draft
librar free, deliver
libre free, rid;
aire — open air
libro m. book
liga f. garter
ligero, -a light, slight;
a la —a hastily
lima f. file
limosna f. alms
limpiar clean, dust
linaje m. lineage, family
lindo, -a fair, pretty, handsome; prosperous
liquidación f. liquidation, settlement (of an account)
liquidar settle (an account), settle up
lobo m. wolf
local m. place of business, premises
loco, -a mad, wild, foolish
locura f. madness, folly; III, 211 special weakness
lógico, -a logical
lograr succeed, obtain, gain
loquinario m. half-crazy fellow, scatterbrain, loony
lucecita f. little light
lucero m. morning star, bright star
lucir shine, grow light; display; p.p. brilliant
lucha f. struggle
luchar struggle
luego presently, later, very soon; then, therefore;
muy — at once;
hasta — I'll see you soon
lugar m. place, room;
tener — take place
lúgubre gloomy
lujo m. luxury, display
lujoso, -a luxurious
lumbre f. open fire, bonfire, kitchen fire
luminoso, -a luminous, bright
luna f. moon
lunes Monday
lustre m. brilliancy, luster, purity
luz f. light
Ll
llamamiento m. call, knocking
llamar call; knock, ring;
—se be named
llamativo, -a loud
llanto m. weeping;
romper en — burst into tears
llave f. key
llegar (a) arrive (at), come (to), reach; happen
llenar fill, comply with
lleno, -a full
llevar carry, bring, carry away; follow; lead, escort; experience, suffer;
—se carry off, lead away
llorar cry, weep, mourn
lloroso, -a tearful
M
madre f. mother
Madrid the capital city of Spain, with about 1,000,000 inhabitants
Madril = Madrid
madrugar rise early; (figuratively) be on the watch
maestro, -a m. and f. teacher, master; adj. masterly
magia f. magic
magnificencia f. magnificence
magnífico, -a magnificent
majo, -a gay, fine looking
mal adv. ill, badly, wrong; n.m. evil, disease, harm;
del – el menos I must make the best of it
maldad f. evil, wickedness; trouble
maldito, -a cursed
malhumorado, -a ill-humored
malicioso, -a malicious
malo, -a bad, evil, wrong; weak, wretched, petty, poor
mamá f. mother
mampostería f. rubblework
mancha f. spot
manchar stain, disgrace; streak
mandar command, order, send
mandón m. man in power, boss
manera f. manner, way
maniatar handcuff
manifestación f. declaration, explanation
manifestar declare, express, tell, show
Manila f. Manila;
mantón de — see
mantón
mano f. hand
manojito m. small bunch
manojo m. handful, bouquet
mansedumbre f. mildness, gentleness
manteca f. butter
mantener keep, maintain; support, pay living expenses
mantilla f. mantilla (lace scarf for the shoulders or head)
mantito m. cloak
manto m. cloak
mantón m. shawl;
– de Manila embroidered silk shawl, see note to III, 215
manutención f. support
mañana f. morning; adv. to-morrow;
pasado — day after to-morrow
mar m. and f. sea
maravilla f. marvel
maravilloso, -a marvelous
marcha f. march;
en — come on
marchar walk, progress, march;
—se go away
marfil m. ivory
María f. Mary;
– Santísima the Holy Virgin
marido m. husband
Mariquita f. dim. of
María
Mariucha f. (affectionate dim. of
María) Mollie
marqués m. marquis; pl. marquis and marchioness
marquesa f. marchioness
mártir m. martyr
martirio m. martyrdom
martirizar torment
mas but
más more; other; plus;
—– bien rather;
—– que except;
no – que only;
por – que in spite of the fact that, however much
masa f. mass; 849
en – general
máscara f. mask
matalotaje m. mess
matar kill
materia f. matter, material
material m. stock
matrimonio m. marriage, matrimony
máximum m. maximum
mayor greater, greatest; larger, largest; elder, eldest; head, chief
mayoral m. stage driver
mecánico, -a mechanical
mediador m. mediator, instrument
medianería f. partition wall
mediano, -a medium, moderate, ordinary
medio, -a half; n.m. midst, environment; means
mediodía m. noon
medir measure, measure out
meditabundo, -a thoughtful
meditación f. meditation
meditar ponder, meditate
mejor better, best
mejorar improve
melancolía f. melancholy
melancólico, -a melancholy
meloso, -a honeyed
memoria f. memory;
de — by heart
mendigar beg
mendigo m. beggar
menester m. need; employment, occupation;
haber — need
Menga f. Dominica
mengua f. disgrace, shame
menguado, -a mean, cowardly
menor less, slighter
menos less, least; except;
al —,
a lo — at least;
a – que unless
menosprecio m. contempt
mensaje m. message
mensajero, -a m. and f. messenger
mensual monthly, a month
mente f. mind
mentecato m. fool, imbecile
mentir lie
mentira f. lie;
parece — it seems impossible
menú m. (French) bill of fare
mercado m. market
mercancía f. merchandise, articles
mercantil commercial
merecedor, -ra deserving
merecer deserve
merienda f. afternoon tea, (light) lunch
mérito m. merit
mesa f. table, desk;
– de noche night stand
mesmamente (dialect) even
mesmo = mismo
metálico, -a metallic
meter put, put in, set;
—se en enter into, concern oneself with
mí me;
de — for my part
miá = mira
miedo m. fear
mies f. harvest
mil a thousand
milagro m. miracle
millón m. million
millonaria f. millionairess
milloncejo m. a trifle like a million
mina f. mine
minero, -a mining
ministro m. minister; secretary (in a government cabinet)
minucioso, -a minute, careful
mío, -a my, mine, of mine;
el —o, etc. pron. mine;
lo —o what is mine
mirada f. glance, look
mirar look, look at; regard, consider;
mire usted you see, see here;
– por look out for
misa f. mass;
– mayor high mass
miserable wretched, in poverty
miseria f. poverty; bits, wretched trifles
misericordia f. mercy
mísero, -a wretched
mismo, -a same, very, own, self;
lo — the same thing;
mañana — no later than to-morrow
misterio m. mystery
mitad f. half, middle
mito m. myth; legendary person
mixto, -a mixed;
tren — train with freight and passenger cars
mocoso, -a (literally, with running nose) dirty, too young to take care of himself
moda f. fashion
modales m. pl. manners
modelo m. model
moderno, -a modern
modestia f. modesty
modesto, -a modest, requiring little
modista f. dressmaker, modiste
modisto m. ladies' tailor, designer
modo m. way, manner;
de otro — otherwise;
de – que so that
molestar trouble, pester, irritate;
—se put oneself out, trouble oneself
molestia f. trouble, annoyance
momentáneo, -a momentary
momento m. moment;
al — in a moment, at once;
de un – a otro at any moment
monaguillo m. acolyte, assistant in church service
mono, -a m. and f. monkey; adj. pretty, cute
monte m. mountain, wooded hill
Montevideo the capital of Uruguay; 350,000 inhabitants
montón m. heap
morir die
moscón m. bluebottle fly; bore, nuisance, pest
mostrar show, display
mote m. nickname
mover(se) move, stir
movimiento m. movement, gesture; impulse
mozo, -a youthful; n.m. youth; porter, waiter, man of all work; n.f. girl
mozuela f. wench, (country) girl
muchacha f. girl
muchacho m. boy, youth
muchedumbre f. crowd
mucho, -a much, much of a, great; many, many a, long; adv.
—o very; hard;
¡—! good! yes indeed!
por – que however much
mudar change;
—se move
mudo, -a dumb, silent
mueblaje m. furnishings
muebles m. pl. furniture
muela f. molar
muerte f. death
muesama f.
= nuestra ama, nuesama madame, mistress
muestrario m. collection of samples, show case
mugriento, -a dirty, greasy
mujer f. woman; wife
mujercita f. 170 narrow woman
multiplicar multiply
multitud f. multitude
mundo m. world;
todo el — everybody; the whole world
municipal city (used as adj.)
murmullo m. murmur, whisper
murmurar murmur, whisper
muro m. wall
musgoso, -a mossy
música f. music; empty phrases, nonsense
músico m. musician
mutuo, -a mutual
muy very
N
nacer be born; arise
naciente growing, newborn
nacimiento m. birth
nada nothing; anything; not at all; at all;
—, – never mind;
– más que only;
– de carta let's not use a letter
nadie no one; any one
nariz f. nose, nostril
natural natural, native
naturaleza f. nature
navaja f. knife, razor
necedad f. folly
necesario, -a necessary
necesidad f. necessity, need
necesitar need
necio, -a foolish; m. and f. fool
negativa f. refusal
negociar trade
negocio m. business
negro, -a black; n.m. negro
nene m. baby
nervioso, -a nervous
ni neither, nor; not even;
– siquiera,
– tan siquiera not even
Nicolás m. Nicholas
nido m. nest
ningún, ninguno, -a none, not any, not one; no one
niña f. girl, child
niño m. boy, child; pl. children;
muy niño very young
nivel m. level
no no, not;
– más only
nobilísimo, -a most noble
nobleza f. nobility, generosity
nocturno, -a night (used as adv.), nocturnal
noche f. night;
de — at night, nighttime
nogal m. walnut
nombrar appoint, name, mention
nombre m. name, Christian name
noramala (= enhoramala):
– con confound …!
norte m. North; polestar, guiding star; direction
nota f. note, tone;
tomar – de take account of
notar observe, notice
noticia f.(also pl.) news;
tener — learn
novecientos, -as nine hundred
novedad f. novelty;
de gran — the very latest style
noventa ninety
novia sweetheart, fiancée, "girl"
novio m. lover, fiancé
nube f. cloud
nuevecito, -a brand new
nuevo, -a new;
de —o again
número m. number
nunca never; ever
O
o or;
– bien or else
obedecer obey
obediencia f. obedience
obispo m. bishop
objeto m. object
obligación f. duty; debt
obligar oblige, force, compel
obra f. work; deed
obrar act, work, operate
obscuridad f. obscurity, darkness
obscuro, -a obscure, dark
obsequiar entertain, treat
observación f. observation
observar observe
obstáculo m. obstacle
obstante: no — nevertheless
obstinarse persist
obtener obtain
ocasión f. occasion, opportunity
ocultar hide, conceal
ocupación f. occupation
ocupar occupy, occupy one's attention;
—se be occupied, pay attention;
—se en look after; p.p. busy
ocurrencia f. occurrence, whim
ocurrir occur, happen
ochenta eighty
ochocientos, -as eight hundred
odio m. hatred
odioso, -a odious
oficialidad f. body of officers
oficio m. trade, profession
oficioso, -a officious
ofrecer offer
oído m. ear; hearing
oír hear
ojo m. eye;
¡—! take care!
ola f. wave
olvidar,
—se de forget
omitir omit
omnipotente omnipotent
opinión f. opinion
oponer oppose;
—se a oppose
oportuno, -a happy, fitting
oprimir oppress, weigh down
oprobio m. opprobrium, disgrace
opulento, -a rich
Ora pro nobis (Latin) pray for us (a response; cf. note to III, 224-225)
oración f. prayer
orar pray
orden m. order, system; f. order, command
ordenar order
ordinario, -a ordinary, common
organizar organize
orgullo m. pride
orgulloso, -a proud
origen m. origin
originar cause
orla f. border
oro m. gold
ostentación f. show, display
ostentar display
otro, -a another, any other, other; else; different;
—a vez again
P
pa = para
paciencia f. patience
pacífico, -a peaceful, quiet
padecer suffer
padre m. father; pl. parents
pagar pay, repay, pay for;
—se de be pleased with; p.p. pleased, tickled
pago m. payment
país m. country, nation
paiz = parece
paja f. straw
pájaro m. bird; fellow
palabra f. word; floor (turn in speaking)
palabrería f. empty talk
palacio m. palace, mansion
palaciote m. huge house
palmadita f. pat
palo m. stick; blow with cudgel
palo-tarja m. see
tarja
palpar feel, feel about
pan m. bread, loaf
pana f. corduroy
pandereta f. tambourine
pantano m. swamp, slough
paño m. cloth
pañuelo m. handkerchief; kerchief
papá m. papa, father
papaíto m. daddy
papel m. paper; stock; part, rôle;
hacer mal — make a poor appearance;
yo no hago —es I don't pretend what isn't so
paquete m. parcel, bundle
par equal, alike; n.m. pair, couple; peer;
sin — peerless, unequaled
para to, in order to, for, toward;
– mí in my opinion;
– que in order that;
– sí to himself, yourself
parálisis f. paralysis
paralizar paralyze
parar stop, stay; end, land, remain;
venir a — land;
parado en firme stock-still
pararrayos m. lightning rod
parásito m. parasite
parecer appear, seem; refl. resemble;
al — apparently
parecido, -a like, resembling; n.m. resemblance
pared f. wall
paroxismo m. paroxysm
parque m. park
párroco m. parish;
cura — parish priest
parroquia f. parish
parroquial parochial
parte f. part; place, side;
en todas —s everywhere;
la mayor — the majority, most
particularmente especially
particular private
partida f. game; lot
partidita f. small amount
partir start, set forth; split
pasa f. raisin;
– de Corinto (dried) currant
pasacalle m. passacaglia (name of an old Spanish dance, of a slow and rather solemn nature; now applied to a quick march tune)
pasado, -a past, last;
– mañana day after to-morrow
pasamanería f. passementerie, lace
pasar(se) pass, come in; happen; undergo, suffer;
– de be more than;
—lo,
—se get along; p.p. last, past
pasear(se) stroll, loiter, walk about
pasión f. passion
pasito m. short step
pasivo, -a passive
paso m. passage; step; right of way; incident;
abrir el — make way, clear a path
pastor m. shepherd;
– de almas spiritual guardian
paterno, -a paternal
patio m. inner court of a house
pato m. duck
patria f. country, native land
pausa f. pause
pavipollo m. young turkey
pavonearse strut about, put on airs
paz f. peace
pechera f. shirt front
pecho m. breast, chest, bosom
pedacito m. tiny piece
pedazo m. piece;
– de bárbaro = bárbaro
pedido m. order (commercial)
pedir ask, beg, require
pedrería f. jewelry, gems
Pedro m. Peter
pegar hit; stick, glue
peignoir m. (French) wrapper, dressing gown
peine m. comb
peldaño m. step
pelo m. hair
pena f. sorrow, trial
penar suffer
penetrante penetrating
penetrar penetrate
penoso, -a painful, hard
pensamiento m. thought
pensar think, intend; expect; consider, think over, think up
pensativo, -a thoughtful
pensión f. pension, board
penuria f. penury, extreme poverty
peña f. cliff, rock
peor worse, worst
pequeño, -a small
perchero m. clothes rack
perder lose; ruin, waste; p.p. wicked, dissolute;
loco perdido hopelessly insane
perdición f. perdition, evil
perdonar pardon, forgive
pérfidamente treacherously
perfil m. profile
Perico m. dim. of
Pedro
periódico m. newspaper
perla f. pearl
permanecer remain
permiso m. permission
permitir permit
pero but
perpetuo, -a perpetual
perro m. dog
perseguir pursue, persecute
persistir persist, continue
persona f. person
personaje m. personage, character
perspicacia f. clear-sightedness
pertenecer belong
pertenencia f. holding, property
perturbación f. disturbance
perverso, -a perverse
pesar m. sorrow;
a – de in spite of
peseta f. peseta (the unit coin of Spain; worth about 20 cents; it is divided into 100 céntimos)
pesimismo m. pessimism
pesimista pessimistic
peso m. weight; dollar
petición f. asking, request
petitorio m. begging, constant asking
pez m. fish
picar bite, sting; vex; smart; breakup;
– alto have lofty aims
picardía f. malice
picaresco, -a mischievous
pícaro, -a rascally, wretched, confounded, mischievous
pie m. foot;
de — standing, able to be about, on foot; 80 on their feet;
en — standing
piedad f. pity; piety
piedra f. stone, rock, gem
pieza f. piece; play; room
pila f. font;
nombre de — Christian name
pintoresco, -a picturesque
pisada f. footstep; footprint; stepping
pláceme m. congratulation, felicitation
placer m. pleasure
plano m. plane, projection
planta f. sole of the foot, foot
plantar plant;
—se en take one's stand
plata f. silver
plateresco, -a plateresque (a highly ornate style of architecture combined with sculpture; it flourished in Spain in the 16th century)
plaza f. square, market place
plazo m. space or limit of time, time of payment
plebeyo m. plebeian, man of vulgar birth
pleno, -a full
pliego m. sheet, envelope
pluma f. pen; feather
pluvial: capa — cope
poblar people, fill
pobre poor, weak
pobrecillo m. poor fellow
pobrecito m. poor creature
pobreza f. poverty
poco, -a little, few, slight; adv.
poco little, not very, not much;
– menos que almost; n.m. a little;
dentro de — soon;
para — faint-hearted
pocho, -a faded, discolored
poder be able, can;
no – más can't stand it longer;
no – menos de can't help; n.m. power
poderoso, -a powerful
podrido, -a decayed, rotten
poético, -a poetic
policía f. policing
política f. politics
político, -a political
polvo m. dust
pollo m. chicken
pompa f. pomp, show, splendor
poner place, put, put on; lay, fix; send;
—se put on; become;
—se a begin to, set out to;
—se en camino start out
poquísimo, -a extremely little
poquito m. bit
por for, through, along, across, on, at, by, to, in, over, on account of; in order to; as; per; referring to;
—– qué why;
—– malo que however ill;
—– si to see whether; in case
porcelana f. porcelain
porque because; in order that
por qué (as n. m.) reason
porquería f. filth; trifle, shabby thing
portal m. vestibule
portalada f. portico; opening
porte m. cost of carriage, freight;
—– pagado prepaid
Porto m. a city in Portugal; hence Port wine
poseedor, -ra m. and f. possessor
poseer possess
posibilidad f. possibility
posible possible
posición f. position
positivo, -a positive
potente powerful
Potosí m. a province of Bolivia, famous from its earliest history for rich silver mines
pozo m. well
práctica f. practice
practicable real, capable of functioning
práctico, -a practical
precario, -a precarious
precio m. price
preciosidad f. gem, beauty
precioso, -a charming, beautiful; precious
precipicio m. precipice
precipitar hurl; hasten;
—se rush
preciso, -a necessary
preferir prefer
pregonar publish, announce, cry aloud, proclaim
pregonero m. town crier
pregunta f. question
preguntar ask (a question)
premio m. reward
premioso, -a slow, with difficulty
prenda f. garment, article of value
preocupación f. prejudice, preconception
preocupar worry, concern;
—se de concern oneself with, make provision for; p.p. concerned, anxious
preparación f. preparation
preparar prepare
presencia f. presence
presentar present, introduce;
—se appear
presente present;
los —s those here present
preservativo m. preservative; conservation
presidio m. fortress; military prison
préstamo m. loan
prestar lend
presteza f. speed, haste
presumir presume, suppose, imagine
presunción f. presumption
presuntuoso, -a conceited
presuroso, -a hasty, in haste
pretender try, intend, wish
pretendiente m. suitor
pretensión f. intention, expectation; claim, pretension
preterición f. omission
prevalecer prevail
prevenir warn, inform; provide against, foresee; p.p. ready
prever foresee
previsión f. foresight;
en – de foreseeing
primero, -a first; adv.
—o first, at first
primitivo, -a original
primor m. beauty, exquisiteness, beautiful quality
principal principal, leading
príncipe m. prince
principiar begin
principio m. beginning; principle;
en un – at first
prisa f. haste;
a – quickly;
dar – urge to hasten
prisita intensified form of
prisa
privación f. privation
privar deprive
probabilidad f. probability
probar prove, try, try on, test, taste; suit
proceder proceed; n.m. procedure, behavior
procesar try (in court), bring suit against
procesión f. procession;
la – va por dentro (his) thoughts are kept to (him)self
proceso m. suit
procurar try; procure
prodigar lavish
producto m. product
profecía f. prophecy
profeta m. prophet
profetizar prophesy
profundo, -a deep
prohibir forbid
promesa f. promise
prometer promise
prontitud f. promptness
pronto, -a ready, speedy; adv.
—o soon, quickly;
por de –,
por lo – provisionally, for the present
propender tend, incline
propiedad f. ownership, property, estate
propietario m. proprietor, owner
propina f. tip, gratuity
propio, -a one's own, private; proper, same;
tú – you yourself;
—– de befitting, suited
proponer propose
proporción f. proportion; match
propósito m. aim, intention;
a – by the way; suitable;
a – de speaking of
prorrumpir burst out
proteger protect
protesta f. protest
protestar protest
provecho m. profit
proveer provide
provenir arise, be caused by
Providencia f. Providence
provincia f. province
provinciano, -a provincial
próximo, -a near, nearby, approaching
proyecto m. project, plan
prueba f. test, trial; proof
publicar publish
público, -a public; n.m. public
puchero m. pot, pan; stew; pl. pouting, whimpering
pueblo m. people, common people, nation; town
puerta f. door, gate
pues well, then, just so; why!
¡– no! of course! why not?
puesto p.p. of
poner;
—– que since; although; n.m. position, post, stand, stall
pulga f. flea
pulso m. pulse, wrist;
a – by strength of hand
puntilla f. lace edging
punto m. point;
en – precisely;
al – at once
puntualidad f. punctuality, promptness
puño m. fist
purgatorio m. purgatory
puro, -a pure; n.m. (Havana) cigar
púrpura f. purple
pus =
pues
putrefacto, -a putrid, rotten