Томас Бабингтон Маколей
Critical and Historical Essays. Volume 2
Hughes, John, a poet and essayist, who contributed frequently to the Tatler, and Guardian (1677-1720)
Hume, Mr. Joseph, English politician, reformer, and philanthropist (1777-1855)
Hurd, Richard, Bishop in succession of Lichfield, Coventry, and Worcester; edited in 1798 with fulsome praise the works of his fellow bishop Warburton of Gloucester
Hutchinson, Mrs., wife of Colonel Hutchinson, the governor of Nottingham Castle in the Civil War, whose Memoirs (published 1806) she wrote
Hutten, Ulrich von, German humanist and reformer (1488-1523)
IMLAC (see Johnson’s Rasselas, Ch. viii xii.)
Ireland’s Vortigern, a play represented by W. H. Ireland as Shakespeare’s autograph; failed when Sheridan produced it in 1796, and afterwards admitted a forgery
Ivimey, Mr., Baptist divine and historian of the early nineteenth century, who compiled a life of Bunyan
JANSENIAN CONTROVERSY, arose early in the seventeenth century over the Augustinian principle of the sovereign and the irresistible nature of divine grace, denied by the Jesuits. In connection with this controversy Pascal wrote his Provincial Letters
Jeanie Deans (see Scott’s The Heart Of Midlothian)
Jedwood justice; the little town of Jedburgh was prominent in border-warfare, and its justice was proverbially summary, the execution of the accused usually preceding his trial
Jonathan’s and Garraway’s, Coffee-houses in Cornhill and Exchange Alley respectively, specially resorted to by brokers and merchants
Jortin, John, an eminent and scholarly divine, who wrote on the Truth, Christian Religion and on History (1698-1770)
Julius, the second pope (1502-13) of that name, whose military zeal outran his priestly inclination. He fought against the Venetians, and the French
Justiza, M Mayor, “a magistrate appointed by King and the Cortes who acted as mediator between the King and the people.” Philip II. abolished the office)
KENRICK, William, a hack writer, who in the Monthly Review in 1765, attacked Johnson’s Shakespeare with “a certain coarse smartness” (1725?-79)
Kitcat Club, founded c. 1700 by thirty-nine Hanoverian statesmen and authors on the basis of an earlier society (see Spectator No. 9)
LA BRUYERE, John de, tutor to the Duke of Burgundy and a member of the Academy; author of Characters after the manner of Theophrastus (1644~96)
La Clos, author of Liaisons Dangereuses, a masterpiece of immorality (1741-1803)
Lambert, Daniel, weighed 739 lbs., and measured 3 yds. 4 ins. round the waist (1770-1809)
Langton, Bennet, a classical scholar and contributor to The Idler. Entered Johnson’s circle in 1752 (1737-1801)
League of Cambray, the union in 1508 of Austria, France, Spain and the Papacy against Venice
League of Pilnitz, between Austria, Prussia, and others (1791) for the restoration of Louis XVI.
Lee, Nathaniel, a play-writer who helped Dryden in his Duke of Guise (1655-92)
Leman Lake, Lake of Geneva
Lope de Vega, Spain’s greatest, and the world’s most prolific dramatist. Secretary to the Inquisition (1562-1635)
Lunsford, a notorious bully and profligate; a specimen of the worst type of the royalist captains
MACLEOD, Colonel (see Tour to the Hebrides, Sept. 23)
Mainwaring, Arthur, editor of the Medley, and Whig pamphleteer (1668-1712)
Malbranche, Nicholas, tried to adopt and explain the philosophy of Descartes in the interests of theology (d. 1715)
Mallet, David, a literary adventurer who collaborated with Thomson in writing the masque Alfred in which the song “Rule Britannia” was produced (1703-65)
Malone, Edmund, an eminent Shakesperian scholar, who also wrote a Life of Reynolds and a Life of Dryden (1741-1812)
Manfred, King of the Two Sicilies who struggled for his birthright against three popes, who excommunicated him and gave his kingdom to Charles of Anjou, fighting against whom he fell in 1266
Manichees, the sect founded by Mani (who declared himself to be the Paraclete) which held a blend of Magian, Buddhist, and Christian principles
Manlius, the Roman hero who in B.C. 390 saved Rome from the Gauls, and who was later put to death on a charge of treason
Marat, Jean Paul, a fanatical democrat whose one fixed idea was wholesale slaughter of the aristocracy; assassinated by Charlotte Corday (1743-93)
Markland, Jeremiah a famous classical scholar and critic (1693-1776)
Marli, a royal (now presidential) country-house ten miles west from Paris
Marsilio Ficino, an eminent Italian Platonist, noted for his purity of life and for his aid to the Renaissance (1433-99)
Mason William, friend and biographer of Gray; wrote Caractacus and some odes (1725-97)
Massillon, Jean Baptiste, famous French preacher, Bishop of Clermont, a master of style and persuasive eloquence. (1663-1742)
Master of the Sentences, Peter Lombard, a disciple of Abelard and one of the most famous of the “Schoolmen” of the twelfth century
Maximin, surnamed Thrax—“the Tracian.” Roman Emperor, 235-38. His cruel tyranny led to a revolt in which he was murdered by his own soldiers
Meillerie, on the Lake of Geneva, immortalised by J. J. Rousseau
Merovingians, a dynasty of Frankish kings in the sixth and seventh centuries A.D.
Metastasio, Pietro Trapassi, an Italian poet (1698-1782)
Mina, a famous guerilla chief in the Peninsular war, and (in 1834) against Don Carlo (1781-1834). Empecinado (covered with pitch) a nick-name given to Juan Matin Diaz, an early comrade of Mina
Mirabel and Millamont, the Benedick and Beatrice of Beaumont and Fletcher’s Wildgoose Chase
Mithridates, king of Pontus (B.C. 120-63), famous for his struggle against Rome, and the general vigour and ability of his intellect
Moliere’s doctors (see L’Amour Medecin (II. iii.), Le Malade Imaginaire, and Le Medicin malgre lui)
Mompesson, Sir Giles, one of the Commissioners for the granting of monopoly licenses
Monks and Giants, “These stanzas are from a poem by Hookham Frere, really entitled Prospectus and specimen of an inteneded national Work . . . relating to King Arthur and his Round Table,”
Monmouth Street, now called Dudley Street
Morgante Maggiore, a serio-comic romance in verse, by Pulci of Florence (1494)
Morone, an Italian cardinal and diplomatist (1509-80)
Murillo, Spain’s greatest painter (1618-82)
Murphy, Arthur, an actor-author, who, besides writing some plays, edited Fielding, and published an Essay on the Life and Genius of Samuel Johnson (1727-1815)
Murray, Lindley, the Pennsylvania grammarian (1745-1826), who settled near York, and there produced his Grammar of the English Language
NARSES the Roman general (d. 573) who drove the Goths out of Rome. In his youth he had been a slave
Nephelococcygia, i.e. “Cuckoo town in the cloud”—a fictitious city referred to in the Birds of Aristophanes,
Newdigate and Seatonian poetry, verse written in competition for prizes founded by Sir R..Newdigate and Rev. Thos. Seaton at Oxford and Cambridge respectively, Dodsley (ib.) was an honest publisher and author who brought out Poems by Several Hands in 1748,
Nugent, Dr., one of the original members and a regular attendant at the meetings of the Literary Club
OCTOBER CLUB, a High Church Tory Club of Queen Anne’s time, which met at the Bell Tavern, Westminster
o Daphnis K. T. L., “Daphnis went into the waters; the eddies swirled over the man whom the Muses loved and the nymphs held dear” (Theocritus, Idylls, i.). An allusion to Shelley’s death
Odoacer, a Hun, who became emperor, and was assassinated by his colleague Theodoric the Ostrogoth in 493
Oldmixon, John, a dull and insipid historian (1673-1742), roughly handled by Pope in the Dunciad (ii. 283)
Orlando Furioso, Ariosto’s (1471-1533) great poem of chivalry suggested by the Orlando Innamorato of Boiardo (c. 1430-94). Alcina is a kind of Circe in the Orlando Furioso
Ortiz, eighteenth-century historian, author of Compendio de la Historia de Espana
Osborn, John, a notorious bookseller who “sweated” Pope and Johnson among other authors (d. 1767)
Otho, Roman emperor (69 A.D.) The only brass coins bearing his name were struck in the provinces, and are very rare
PADALON, the Hindu abode of departed Spirits
Paestum, ancient Posidonia, mod. Pesto, 22 miles S.E. from Salerno, 471
Pantheon, a circular temple in Rome, erected by Agrippa, son-in-law of Augustus, and dedicated to the gods in general: now a church and place of burial for the illustrious Italian dead
Paoli, the Corsican general (1796-1807) who, failing against the might of France, made his home in England, and was chaperoned by Boswell
Parnell, Thomas, Archdeacon of Clogher, satirist and translator. He was a sweet and easy poet with a high moral tone; friend of Addison and Swift (1679-1718)
Parson Barnabas, Parson Trulliber (see Fielding’s Joseph Andrews)
Pasquin, Antony, a fifteenth-century Italian tailor, noted for his caustic wit
Paulician Theology originated in Armenia, and flourished c.660-970 A.D. Besides certain Manichee elements it denied the deity of Jesus and abjured Mariolatry and the sacraments
Pescara, Marquis of, an Italian general who betrayed to the emperor, Charles V., the plot of Francesco Sforza for driving the Spaniards and Germans out of Italy
Peter Martyr, a name borne by three personages. The reference here is to the Italian Protestant reformer who made his home successively in Switzerland, England, Strasburg, and Zurich (d. 1562)
Phidias, Athens’s greatest sculptor. A contemporary of Pericles (d. 432 B. C.)
Philips, John, best remembered by The Splendid Shilling, a good burlesque in imitation of Milton (1676-1708)
Pilpay, the Indian Aesop. For the pedigree of the Pilpay literature, see Jacobs: Fables of Bidpai (1888), 641
Pisistratus and Gelon, two able Grecian tyrants who ruled beneficially at Athens (541-527 B.C.), and at Syracuse (484-473 B.C.), respectively
Pococurante, one who cares little and knows less: a dabbler
Porridge Island, the slang name of an alley near St. Martin’s-in-the-Fields, which was pulled down c. 1830
Politian, a distinguished poet and scholar in the time of the Italian Renaissance; professor of Greek and Latin at Florence (1454-94)
Pompadour, Madame de, mistress of Louis XV., and virtually ruler of France from 1745 till her death in 1764
Prior, Matthew, a wit and poet of the early eighteenth century whose lyrics were pronounced by Thackeray to be “amongst the easiest, the richest, the most charmingly humorous” in the English language,
Pudding, Jack, a clown who swallows black puddings, etc. Cp. Germ. Hans Worst, Fr. Jean-potage
Pulci, a Florentine poet (noted for his humorous Sonnets), and friend of Lorenzo de’ Medici (1432-84)
Pye—the immediate—Cibber—more remote—predecessor of Southey in the Laureateship
Pyrgopolynices, a braggart character in Plautus’s Miles Gloriosus
Pyrrho, “the father of the Greek sceptics,” contemporary with Aristotle. Like, Carneades (ib.), he denied that there was any criterion of certainty in the natural or the moral world
QUEDLINBURGH, an old town in Saxony at the foot of the Harz, long a favourite residence of the mediaeval emperors
RALPHO, the clerk and squire of Hudibras in Samuel Butler’s satire of that name
Rambouillet, the marchioness of this name was a wealthy patron of art and literature, and gathered round her a select salon of intellectual people, which degenerated into pedantry, was ridiculed, and dissolved at her death in 1665
Ramus, Peter French, philosopher and humanist; attacked Aristotle and Scholasticism; massacred on the eve of St, Bartholomew, 1572
Rehearsal, The, a burlesque based on Beaumont’s Knight of the Burning Pestle, produced in 1671 by George Clifford, Duke of Buckingham, and Samuel Butler
Relapse, a comedy by Sir John Vanbrugh (d. 1726), who also achieved some distinction as a soldier and an architect
Richard Roe, nominal defendant in ejectment suits. CP. the “M. Or N.” of the Prayer-Book
Richelieu . . Torcy, Richelieu and Mazarin were cardinals and statesmen in the seventeenth century, whose power exceeded that of the king; Colbert Louvis, and Torcy were influential and able men of the same time, but dependent upon the royal pleasure
Robertson, William, wrote History of Scotland, History of the Reign of Charles V., etc. A friend of Hume’s (1721-93)
Rochelle and Auvergne, head-quarters of the Huguenots
Rowe, Nicholas, dramatist and poet laureate (1715), editor of a monumental edition of Shakespeare
Rymer, Thomas, Historiographer-royal, and the compiler Of Foedera—a collection of historical documents concerning the relations of England and foreign powers (1639-1714)
Ryswick, Peace Of, by this treaty (in 1697) Louis XIV. recognised William as King of England, and yielded certain towns to Spain and the Empire
SALVATOR ROSA, a Neapolitan author and artist (1615-73); “the initiator of romantic landscape,”
Satirist . . . Age, small, libellous, and short-lived weekly papers in the year 1838
Saxe, led the invading Austrian army into Bohemia, and afterward became a marshal of the French army, defeating the Duke of Cumberland at Fontenoy, 1745
Scamander, a river of Troas, in Asia Minor
Scapin, the title-character of one of Moliere’s comedies; a knavish valet who fools his master
Scott, Michael, a twelfth-century sage who gained a large reputation as a wizard and magician
Scriblerus Club a literary coterie, founded in 1714, which had only a short life, but produced Swift’s Gulliver
Scroggs, Chief-justice in 1678—the year of Titus Oates and the “Popish Plot.” A worthy successor to Jeffreys
Scudert, George de, French poet and novelist (1601-67)
Scudery, Madeleine, a woman of good qualities, but as a novelist exceedingly tedious (1607-1701)
Scythians, i. e. Russians. Scythia proper is the steppe-land between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Don in South-East Russia
Seged (see The Rambler, Nos. 204, 205)
Shafton, Sir Piercie (see Scott’s The Monastery)
Shaw, prize-fighter of immense strength and size, who enlisted in the Life Guards, and was killed at Waterloo
Sieyes, Abbe, one of the leaders of the Revolution, who retired on discovering that his colleagues were using him for their own end (d. 1836)
Simond, M. (the reference is to his Journal of a Tour and Residence in Great Britain during the years 1810 and 1811, PP. 48-50)
Simonides, lived at Athens and Syracuse, and besides being a philosopher, was one of Greece’s most famous lyric poets (556-467 B.C.),
Smalridge, George, one of Queen Anne’s chaplains, and a good preacher; became Bishop of Bristol in 1714 (d. 1719)
Sobiesky, John, King of Poland, who defended his country against Russians and Turks. In 1683 he fought a Turkish army which was besieging Vienna, and so delivered that city
Solis, Antonio de, dramatist and historian (Conquest of Mexico) (1610-86)
Somers, the counsel for the Seven Bishops, 1688. He filled many high legal offices, and from 1708 to 1710 was President of the Council
Southcote, Joanna, a Methodist “prophetess” who, suffering from religious mania, gave herself out to be the woman of Revelation ch. xii., and sold passports to heaven which she called “seals” (1750-1814)
Spectator (the reference is to No. 7)
Spinola, Spanish marquis and general who served his country with all his genius for naught (1571-1630)
Squire Sullen (see Farquhar’s The Beaux Stratagem)
Squire Western, the genial fox-hunting Squire of Fielding’s Tom Jones
Statius, a Latin poet (61-96 A.D.), author of the Thebais, who lived at the Court of Domitian
Steenkirk, a neckcloth of black silk, said to have been first worn at the battle of Steenkirk, 1692
Stepney, George, a smart but somewhat licentious minor poet who translated Juvenal (1663-1707)
Sternholds, metrical translators of the Psalms, so called from Thomas Sternhold, whose version of 1562 held the field for 200 years
St James’s, the London residence of the Georges; Leicester Square, the residence of the Princes of Wales
Stowell, Lord, Advocate-General, judge of the High Court of Admiralty, etc., etc., the greatest English authority on International Law (1745-1836)
Strahan, Dr., vicar of Islington and friend of Johnson, whose Prayers and Meditations he edited
Streatham Park, the home of the Thrales. At St. John’s Gate in Clerkenwell, the Gentleman’s Magazine was long printed
Simon, Duc de, ambassador to Spain and the writer of amusing and Valuable memoirs. An uncompromising aristocrat
Sweden gained Western Pomerania
Swerga, the Hindu Olympus an the summit of Mount Meru
TAMERLANE, the great Asiatic conqueror (1336-1405), whose empire reached from the Levant to the Ganges
Tanais, the river Don in Eastern Russia
Tate, Nahum, succeeded Shadwell in 1690 as poet-laureate; mainly remembered by his collaboration with Nicholas Brady in a metrical version of the Psalms
Telemachus, the son of Ulysses, whose search for his father was only successful when he returned home. Fenelon, the great French divine (1651-1715), wrote of his adventures
Thales, flourished c. 600 B.C., and held that water was the primal and universal principle,
Thalia, the muse of Comedy and one of the three Graces
Theobalds, a Hertfordshire hamlet where James I. had a beautiful residence, originally built by Burleigh
Thiebault, Professor of Grammar at Frederic’s military school
Thirlby, Styan, Fellow of Jesus Colleges Cambridge. He edited Justin Martyr’s Works and contributed to Theobald’s Shakespeare with acumen and ingenuity (c. 1692-1753)
Thraso, a braggart captain in Terence’s Eunuch
Three Bishoprics, those of Lorraine, Metz, and Verdun taken from the Germans by Henry II. of France in 1554 and recovered in 1871
Thundering Legion, the Roman legion which overcame Marcomanni in 179 A.D., their extreme thirst having been relieved by a thunderstorm sent in answer to the prayers of Christian soldiers in its ranks
Thurtell, John, a notorious boxer and gambler (b. 1794) who was hanged at Hertford on Jan. 9, 1824, for the brutal murder of William Weare, one of his boon companions
Tickell, Thomas, a politician, minor poet, and occasional contributor to the Spectator and the Guardian (1686-1740)
Tillotson, John Robert. Trained as a Puritan, he conformed to the Episcopal Church at the Restoration and ultimately became Archbishop of Canterbury a man of tolerant and moderate views like Baxter and Burnet, and unlike Collier
Tilly, Johann Tserklaes, Count of, the great Catholic general of the Thirty Years War; mortally wounded at Rain in 1632
Tiresias, in Greek mythology a soothsayer on whom Zeus conferred the gift of prophecy in compensation for the blindness with which Athens had struck him
Treatise on the Bathos, “The Art of Sinking in Poetry,” a work projected by Arbuthnot, Swift, and Pope, and mainly written by the last-named
Treaty of the Pyrenees, between France and Spain, 1659
Trissotin, simpering literary dabbler in Moliere’s Les Femmes Savantes
Turgot, a French statesman (727-81) who held the doctrines of the philosophe party and was for nearly two years manager of the national finances under Louis XVI.
Two Sicilies, the kingdoms of Sicily and Naples
Tyers, Tom, author of a Biographical Sketch of Doctor Johnson. It was a remark of Johnson’s that Tyers described him the best
VAUCLUSE, a village in S.E. France, twenty miles from Avignon where Petrarch lived for sixteen years
Verres, the Roman governor of Sicily (73-71 B.C.), for plundering which island he was brought to trial and prosecuted by Cicero
Vico, John Baptist, Professor of Rhetoric at Naples and author of Principles of a New Science, a work on the philosophy of history (d. 1744)
Victor Amadeus of Savoy, soldier and statesman (1655-1732) His sons-in-law were Philip V. and the Duke of Burgundy
Vida, an Italian Latin poet (c. 1480-1566)
Vida et Sannazar, eminent modern Latin poets of the early sixteenth century
Villars, Louis, Duc de, French marshal, defeated at Ramillies and Malplaquet (d. 1734),
Vinegar Bible, published at Oxford in; 1717; in it the headline of Luke xx. reads “vinegar,” an error for “vineyard,”
Vision of Theodore, set Johnson’s Miscellaneous Works (for the “Genealogy of Wit,” see “Special”, NO. 35; for the “Contest between Rest and Labour,” Rambler, No. 33)
Vitruvius, contemporary with Julius Caesar and author of a famous work on Architecture
Vossius, Gerard, Dutch philologist and friend of Grotius; the historian of Pelagianism (1577-1649)
WARBURTON, William, Bishop of Gloucester, friend of Pope, and author of the Divine Legation of Moses and other theological and legal works (1698-1779)
Wild, Jonathan, a detective who turned villain and was executed for burglary in 1725; the hero of one of Fielding’s stories
Williams, Archbishop of York (and opponent of Laud) in the time of Charles I.; Vernon, Archbishop of York, 1807. The tenure of the See of York seems to be the only parallel
Williams, Sir Charles Hanbury, Ambassador to Berlin (1746-49). His satires against Walpole’s opponents are easy and humorous (d. 1759)
Will’s. See Button’s
Windham, Rt. Hon. William, Secretary of War under Pitt and again in 1806. In his Diary is an account of Johnson’s last days (1750-1810)
Windsor, poor Knights of, a body of military pensioners who reside within the precincts of Windsor Castle
Witwould, Sir Wilful. Set Congreve’s The Way of the World
Wronghead, Sir Francis, Vanbrugh and Cibber’s The Provoked Husband
XIMENES, Cardinal, statesman, and regent (1436-1517)
ZADIG, the title-character of a novel by Voltaire, dealing with the fatalistic aspect of human life
Zephon, the cherub sent with Ithuriel by Gabriel to find out the whereabouts of Satan after his flight from hell
Zimri in Dryden’s Absalom and Achitophel stands for the second Duke of Buckingham (for the original see 3 Kings xvi. 9)
