С. А. Шевелева
Английский язык. 101 типичная грамматическая ошибка
14. At – in
Когда эти предлоги употребляются со статическими глаголами, они близки по значению и переводу (в). Их употребление зависит от последующего существительного:
at the cinema/the theatre
at a party/a meeting/a conference
at a concert/a lecture/the match
at school/university
at home
in a house/an office/a flat
in a park/a garden/the forest/the woods
in a city/a town/town/a street
in a country/the country/a continent
in the world
Note: Предлог at также употребляется при указании места работы, места обучения или наименовании остановки/станции, если все эти существительные выражены именами собственными:
He works at Legal and General Insurance.
Но:
He works in a big insurance company.
14-1. Read and translate the sentences.
1. He is a student at Oxford.
2. She lives in Oxford.
3. He's at the London School of Economics.
4. I met her at Selfridge's yesterday.
5. I first met her in a shop.
6. The plane stops for an hour at Oslo.
7. She has been living in Frankfurt for ten years.
8. There's a good film at the cinema in Market Street.
9. I don't think he is in his office now.
10. Let's go for a walk in the woods.
14-2 Use the right preposition (in or at), and translate the sentences.
1. Sorry I didn't phone last night. I was… the theatre.
2. Eat… the Steak House – best food in town.
3. A day… the country will do you a lot of good.
4. He is making repairs… his summer house.
5. This matter will be discussed… an informal meeting.
6. There were many guests… the conference.
7. He made a report… the Scottish History conference.
8. She is making research… the University of Guelph, Canada.
9. It was warm and comfortable… the flat.
10. This is the best place… the world, to my mind.
14-3. Translate into English.
1. Это самая маленькая страна в мире.
2. В доме было много народа.
3. На конференции присутствовало много молодых учёных.
4. Он ведет научную работу в одном университете Франции.
5. Вчера они обедали в японском ресторане.
15. Предлоги, используемые при указании времени дня, дня недели, месяца
К таким предлогам относятся следующие:
at ten o'clock
at the weekend
on Saturday
in May
Но в следующих случаях предлоги не употребляются:
1) если перед существительным, обозначающим день недели или месяц, стоят слова this/that/last/next/every/all, например:
this Saturday, this week, this January, this month;
2) в вопросительных предложениях, начинающихся с what time, what day, which week, например:
What time is he leaving?
3) перед словами today, yesterday, the day before yesterday, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow.
15-1. Read and translate the sentences.
1. What time does your train leave?
2. What time are you leaving? Eight o'clock?
3. What day is the meeting?
4. Which week did you say you're on holiday?
5. What are you doing the day after tomorrow?
6. I hope he will come to our place next month.
7. What did you do at the weekend?
8. The weekend usually starts on Friday evening.
9. He goes to the country every weekend.
10. It happened in the week after Christmas.
15-2. Use the preposition (at, in or on)if necessary, and translate the sentences.
1. He usually gets up… 6 o'clock.
2. I'll meet you… 4.15. (a quarter past four / four fifteen)
3. The lecture starts… 10.30. (half past ten / ten thirty)
4. See you… Monday.
5. We usually go and see Granny… Sundays.
6. He was born… March.
7. See you… next week.
8. Are you free… this morning?
9. I'm at home… every evening.
10. We stayed there… all day.
15-3. Translate into English.
1. Он провёл загородом весь день.
2. Увидимся в следующую пятницу.
3. Он вернулся в Москву в четверг.
4. Урок начинается в 10 часов.
5. Мы встретимся в половине десятого.
16. Даты, года, времена года, праздники
При указании даты, года, времени года, праздника употребляются следующие предлоги:
on the first of September
on Christmas Day
on Easter Monday
in autumn
in 2013
at Christmas (on September 1st)
Но:
Если перед такими существительными стоят слова this/that/last/ next/ every/all предлоги не употребляются.
16-1. Use the preposition (on, at or in)if necessary, and translate the sentences.
1. They are having a party… Christmas Day.
2. My birthday is… March 21st.
3. Come and see us… Christmas Day.
4. Father Christmas usually gives children gifts… Christmas.
5. He has holidays… every June.
6. The county of Kent is very beautiful… spring.
7. We shall probably visit this place… next Victory Day.
8. He died… 1616 (sixteen sixteen).
9. His first book was published… 2010.
10. They went on tour to France… last year.
16-2. Translate into English.
1. В прошлом году они путешествовали по Германии.
2. В 2012 году он побывал на Кипре.
3. Она родилась 1-го января.
4. Летом он часто ездит загород.
5. Я увижу его на Рождество.
17. Существительные morning, afternoon, evening, night
Обычно с этими существительными употребляются следующие предлоги:
in the morning/afternoon/evening
at night/midnight/midday
on a nice morning
on Friday morning
on dark nights
Но в следующих случаях предлоги не употребляются:
1) если перед существительным, обозначающим день недели или месяц стоят слова this/that/last/next/every/all;
2) в выражении day and night;
3) в разговорной речи, например: I'm seeing her Monday morning.
17-1. Use the preposition (at, in or on)if necessary, and translate the sentences.
1. I work best… the morning.
2. We usually go out… the evening.
3. He often works… night.
4. See you… Monday morning.
5. He returned home… last morning.
6. Why don't you come for a drink… Saturday evening?
7. We met on a cold afternoon… early spring.
8. Would you rather work… day and night?
9. He said that… dark nights he heard strange noise in the garden.
10…. a stormy night she and Clifford escaped from the castle on horseback.
17-2. Translate into English.
1. Он звонил вчера вечером.
2. Вечером у неё был урок английского языка.
3. Она уезжает из Москвы в четверг утром.
4. Конференция начинается во вторник.
5. Он работает день и ночь, чтобы собрать нужную сумму.
18. During – for – within
Хотя эти предлоги близки по значению и переводу, они не взаимозаменяемы:
during в течение, во время
He made notes during the talks.
Он делал записи во время переговоров.
for в течение
He wrote something for an hour.
Он что-то писал в течение часа.
within в течение, в пределах, за
He contacted us within a few minutes.
Он связался с нами за несколько минут.
18-1. Read and translate the sentences.
1. During the first three days of his holiday he slept most of the time.
2. She said she would be staying in Moscow for another two months.
3. During his illness his friends often visited him.
4. She hasn't dropped a single line to me for almost six months.
5. Thomas planned to stay for three weeks.
6. He planned to leave within one day.
7. I've been here for three weeks now.
18-2. Use the right preposition (for, during or within), and translate the sentences.
1. His father was in hospital… the summer.
2. He was in hospital… three weeks.
3. It rained… the night… two or three hours.
4. I'll call in and see you… a few minutes… the afternoon.
5. I'll be on holiday… August.
6. The shop was closed… the whole of August.
7. He got his visa issued… a few hours.
8. I met her… my stay in Spain.
9. The problem was settled… an hour.
10. He had some strange experiences… his military service.
18-3. Translate into English.
1. Они встретились во время службы в армии.
2. Я пробыла в больнице два месяца.
3. Вчера дождь шёл два часа.
4. Он будет в отпуске в течение всего июля.
5. Он придет в течение часа.
19. Глагол to meet
Существительное, следующее за глаголом to meet, может употребляться без предлога или с предлогом with. При этом значение глагола имеет некоторые оттенки значений:
to meet smb
to meet with smb
to meet with smth
встречаться с кем-л.
случайно встретиться с кем-л., сталкиваться с кем-л.
встречаться с чем-либо, сталкиваться с чем-л.
19-1. Read and translate the sentences.
1. Meet my wife.
2. Pleased to meet you.
3. Will you meet me at the station?
4. The next time I met her was in the supermarket.
5. I met with an old friend at a party.
6. Both of these albums met with commercial success.
7. These proposals met with widespread opposition.
8. This theory initially met with disbelief.
9. That year many people met with this misfortune and lost their business.
10. When they wanted to organize this exhibition they met with many obstacles.
19-2. Translate into English.
1. Мы встретились с ним в театре.
2. Познакомьтесь, это моя сестра.
3. Очень рад с вами познакомиться.
4. Я случайно встретил её вчера в метро.
5. Мы столкнулись с большими трудностями.
20. Существительные beginning, end
Перед этими существительными употребляется предлог at, если далее идёт сочетание с предлогом of. В противном случае употребляется предлог in:
at the beginning of the lesson
at the end of the lecture
in the beginning
in the end
20-1. Use the right preposition (at or in), and translate the sentences.
1…. the end, you can't get fit without exercise.
2. They met… the beginning of the holiday season in Lisbon.
3. He learned the name of the killer only… the end of the story.
4. He agreed to help me… the end.
5… the end, Mother knows best.
6…. the end of the lecture he thanked the audience for their attention.
7. What did he say… the very beginning?
8. I left in the middle of the film. Did they get married… the end?
9. We made eight different holiday plans, but… the end we went to Turkey.
10. He wanted to be paid… the beginning of the week.
20-2. Translate into English
1) в начале месяца
2) в начале года
3) в конце месяца
4) в конце концов
5) в самом начале
6) в конце недели
7) в начале семестра (term)
8) в конце семестра
9) в начале спектакля
10) в самом конце
21. In time – on time
Хотя эти словосочетания переводятся одинаково, они имеют различное значение:
on time вовремя (точно по расписанию/графику/плану)
in time вовремя (в очень удачное время)
21-1. Read and translate the sentences.
1. Peter wants the meeting to start on time.
2. Only one of the last six trains has been on time.
3. Yesterday the train came ten minutes behind time but I hope it will be on time today.
4. We arrived in time to get good seats.
5. We came to the Zoo in time to see the animals fed.
6. I nearly drove into the car in front, but I stopped just in time.
7. He would have died if they had not got him to the hospital in time.
21-2. Translate into English.
1. Мы привезли его в больницу вовремя. И его спасли.
2. Он пришел ко врачу вовремя, ровно в 3 часа, как было назначено.
3. Поезд пришел вовремя.
4. Марк ушел вовремя и не встретился с Джулией.
5. Я приду вовремя, как мы договаривались. Я никогда не опаздываю.
22. Besides – except
Хотя эти предлоги переводятся одинаково, они имеют противоположные значения:
besides кроме (в дополнение к)
except кроме (за исключением)
Note: В отрицательных предложениях эти предлоги взаимозаменяемы:
He has nothing besides/except his salary.
22-1. Read and translate the sentences.
1. Besides literature, they have to study history and philosophy.
2. Besides the violin, he plays the piano and the flute.
3. Who was at the party besides the Bensons?
4. She has three other hats besides this.
5. Does anyone besides him know about it?
6. There were five of us besides Ann.
7. He gets up very early every day except Sunday.
8. I like all musical instruments except the violin.
9. It was old news and everybody knew about it except her.
10. Avoirdupois is a system of weights used in the UK and the USA for all goods except precious metals and stones, and medicines.
22-2. Translate into English.
1. Кроме английского он знает два иностранных языка.
2. Она занимается каждый день кроме воскресенья.
3. Мы работаем каждый день с 10 часов кроме субботы и воскресенья.
4. Все уже пришли кроме Ника.
5. Кто кроме Анны читал эту книгу?
МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ
23. Many – much
Местоимение many много употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными, much много – с неисчисляемыми существительными или самостоятельно, т. е. без существительного:
many books/cities/countries/people
much trouble/time/information/money.
Note: Слово much также употребляется как наречие и существительное, например: to read/to speak/to walk much.
23-1. Read and translate the sentences.
1. It's never a good idea to make too many changes at one time.
2. There aren't as many opportunities as they thought.
3. There have been so many changes since our last trip together.
4. I don't know many of your friends.
5. Too much time is wasted on planning projects which never actually happen.
6. They're very helpful. Nothing is too much trouble for them.
7. How much money has he got?
8. I haven't eaten much.
9. He didn't say much.
10. How much did he lose?
23-2. Use the right word (many or much), and translate the sentences.
1. I haven't got… time.
2. How… people were present?
3. There aren't… large glasses here.
4. There wasn't… food in the refrigerator.
5… people think it's time for a change.
6…. has been written about unemployment.
7… stories have been told about various adventures.
8. I know that… economists doubt this figure.
9. Do you work… at weekends?
10. She made too… mistakes in the test.
23-3. Translate into English.
1) много людей
2) много времени
3) много ошибок
4) много денег
5) много сведений
6) многие экономисты
7) многие художники
8) многие артисты
9) сказать многое
10) написать многое
24. Few – little
Местоимение few мало употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными, little мало – с неисчисляемыми существительными или самостоятельно:
few books/cities/countries/people
little trouble/time/information/money
Note: Слово little также употребляется как наречие и существительное, например: to read/to speak/to walk little.
24-1. Read and translate the sentences.
1. At that time very few people realized the true significance of the discovery.
2. Few names remained in his memory.
3. He has a large library, but very few books on the subject that interests you.
4. There was little soup left.
5. I must say there is little to be added.
6. There is very little sense in what he is saying.
7. She has very little time for reading.
8. I know little of this man. Practically nothing.
9. It's very strange that the writer is little known in this country.
10. It's a pity he is little read.
24-2. Use the right word (few or little), and translate the sentences.
1. He has got very… English books.
2. I can't say he reads…
3. I'm sorry I have got very… spare time.
4. He spends very… money on clothes.
5. She travels very… these days.
6. I have… interest in politics.
7… politicians are honest.
8…. people can say that they always tell the truth.
9. Cactuses need… water.
10. His ideas are difficult, and… students understand him.
24-3. Translate into English.
1) мало народа
2) мало денег
3) мало времени
4) мало воды
5) мало новых идей
6) мало путешествовать
7) мало работать
8) мало зарабатывать
9) мало хороших фильмов
10) знать очень мало
25. A few – a little
Местоимение a few несколько, немного употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными, little немного – с неисчисляемыми существительными или самостоятельно:
a few books/cities/countries/people
a little trouble/time/information/money
Note: Слово a little также употребляется как наречие и существительное, например: to read/to speak/to walk a little.
25-1. Read and translate the sentences.
1. I would like to make a few remarks.
2. There are a few books of this author in the library. You may borrow one now.
3. A few weeks from now he will be far away.
4. Only a few of the children in this class like physics.
5. A few people went to the forest, but most people headed straight for the river.
6. She knows German a little.
7. Adam displays not a little interest in the subject.
8. Could I try a little salad?
9. Would you like a little soup?
10. Give the roses a little water every day.
25-2. Use the right word (a few or a little), and translate the sentences.
1…. years ago he visited New Zealand.
2. We had… bacon and eggs.
3. Only… children like mathematics.
4. I'm glad he has… patience with me.
5. There were only… cars on the road.
6. We still had… hope.
7. They didn't need to go shopping. They had… potatoes and some steak.
8. Only… people speak a foreign language perfectly.
9. He made… mistakes in the dictation.
10. I had… questions to ask the speaker.
25-3. Translate into English.
1) несколько минут
2) несколько ошибок
3) немного денег
4) немного времени
5) несколько человек
6) несколько вопросов
7) немного еды
8) небольшая надежда
9) несколько детей
10) знать немного английский
26. Other
Местоимение other является основой нескольких местоимений, которые употребляются перед существительными или самостоятельно:
1) another другой, ещё один
+ существительное в ед. числе
I wanted to read another book of this author.
или без существительного, если ясно, о чём идёт речь
I don't like this box; can you show me another?
2) other другие
+ существительное во мн. числе
I have read 'Stranger', 'On the way' and some other stories.
3) others другие
без существительного
I have got this album and a few others.
4) the other другой, второй
+ существительное в ед. числе
I have got two books of this author. I've read this one.
And now I'm reading the other.
5) the others другие, остальные
без существительного
Here are ten books of this author. I've read this one.
But I haven't read the others.
26-1. Use the right word (another or other), and translate the sentences.
1. He has bought… car this year.
2. Could I have… cup of coffee?
3. Will you have… cup of tea?
4. I won't say… word about it.
5. I think we should paint the wall… colour.
6. Those cakes are wonderful. Could I have… one?
7. Have you got any… cakes, or are these the only ones?
26-2. Use the right word (other or others), and translate the sentences.
1. These shoes are too small. Have you got any…?
2. Why don't you think more about… people?
3. He never thinks of…
4. I don't like these gloves. Have you any…?
5. Please let me see some…
6. Jim is far better as a player than any… member of the team.
7. He has been to France, Italy, Greece and many… countries.
26-3. Use the right word (the other or the others), and translate the sentences.
1. Here are three photos only. Where are…?
2. I've got one lot of photos. Where are…?
3. John has arrived. I must tell… They were eager to see him.
4. One of these two bags is mine… is my sister's.
5. The post office is on… side of the street.
6. Six of these pens are mine… are John's.
7. The twins are so much alike that people find it difficult to tell one from.
26-4. Translate into English.
1. На конференции были представители Англии, Франции и других европейских стран.
2. Англия и Германия поддержали это предложение, остальные – нет.
3. Вот два термина. Один я знаю, а другой вижу первый раз.
4. Я пригласил Ирину и несколько других друзей.
5. Можно ещё чашечку кофе?
27. Some – any – no
Эти местоимения употребляются в следующих типах предложений:
some
1) в утвердительных предложениях:
I bought some cheese. Я купил (немного) сыра.
2) в вопросительных предложениях, выражающих просьбу или вежливое предложение:
May I have some cheese? Можно (немного) сыра?
Would you like some cheese? Не хотите (немного) сыра?
any
1) в вопросительных предложениях:
Did you buy any cheese? Вы купили (какого-нибудь) сыра?
2) в отрицательных предложениях, если сказуемое употребляется в отрицательной форме:
I didn't buy any cheese. Я не купил (никакого) сыра.
3) в утвердительных предложениях, в значении любой:
I like any cheese. Я люблю любой сыр.
no
в отрицательных предложениях, при этом сказуемое употребляется в утвердительной форме:
I bought no cheese. Я не купил (никакого) сыра.
27-1. Read and translate the sentences.
1. We got talking to some students.
2. You've got some great books.
3. Do you mind if I put some music on?
4. I've got too many strawberries. Would you like some?
5. Have you got any razor blades? Sorry, I haven't got any.
6. She does not have any problems now.
7. Did you meet any interesting people on holiday?
8. I've got no Thursdays free this term.
9. I telephoned, but there was no answer.
10. The train was cancelled, so I had no alternative but to take a taxi.
27-2. Use the right word (some or any), and translate the sentences.
1…. people like the sea. Others prefer the mountains.
2. I've got tickets for… concerts next month.
3. She hasn't got… manners.
4. We have planted… roses in the garden.
5. I've just bought… books on computing.
6. Would you like… more rice?
7. He needs… help.
27-3. Use the right word (any or no), and translate the sentences.
1. He's got… children.
2. Sorry I can't stop. I've got… time.
3. I didn't buy… eggs.
4. Is there… milk left in the jar?
5. There were… letters for me that morning.
6. Is there… water in the fridge?
7. There was… wardrobe in the bedroom.
26-4. Translate into English.
1. Некоторые (люди) любят отпуск зимой.
2. Не хотите еще овощей?
3. Ему не нужна никакая помощь.
4. У них нет никаких вопросов.
5. У вас есть какие-нибудь вопросы?
