Леонид Гаврилов
Moscow guide
Monasteries
Moiseevsky, female… It was located at Okhotny Ryad. Became known since the 16th century. An almshouse was set up under him. Destroyed in 1789.
Voskresensky-Vysotsky, male, Greek… He was located on Tverskaya Street, opposite the Savvinsky courtyard. Known since the 16th century. By the name of this monastery, the Neglinnye gates of Kitai-gorod are called the Resurrection. The monastery was abolished and broken in 1812. The place is built up with owner's houses.
Nikolsky, female… He was located on Nikitskaya Street, where the parish church of the Presentation of the Most Holy Theotokos in the Temple, known under the name of Nikola in Khlynov. In 1629 the monastery burned down, destroyed and one parish church was left.
Holy Cross on the Island, on Vozdvizhenka, named after the monastery. Since ancient times, the local tract was called an island because there was once a forest, separated from everywhere in the form of an island by fallows of fields. In the 15th century, on the site of this monastery there was the house of Prince Khovrin. The forests, orchards and vegetable gardens that belonged to this house stretched from Stary Vagankov to the Moscow River, to the Arbat and even to the current Povarskaya Street. Khovrin was the favorite of Vasily the Dark. In 1450, on the site of his house and the former wooden church, he built a new, stone one, and soon afterwards he founded a monastery, in which he himself accepted monasticism. During the invasion of Khan Mehmet, the prince showed himself from the best side (there is a description of his feat). In 1814 the monastery was abolished, and the cathedral church was turned into a parish church.
Varsonofievsky, female, between Lubyanka and Rozhdestvenka streets in a lane named after the monastery. Under the name of Voznesensky on the Moat, this monastery was mentioned for the first time in the 16th century. The founding of the monastery is attributed to Barsanophia, who, according to legend, was the mother of Saint Philip, Metropolitan of Moscow. In ancient times, near this monastery there was a squalid house, that is, a cemetery for the burial of wanderers, the poor and those who died a violent death. This was the reason that False Dmitry, having seized the Russian throne, ordered to transfer the body of Boris Godunov here. Godunov's wife and son Fyodor were also buried here. Under Shuisky, their bodies were transported to the Trinity Lavra. The monastery was abolished in 1764.
Pokrovsky, male… He was located near the Ivanovsky monastery. Destroyed at the beginning of the 17th century. It is known for the fact that in 1479, when the Zlatoust monastery was founded, the old church was moved here, which was located on the site of the monastery.
Georgievsky, female, on Dmitrovka, near Okhotny Ryad… Here was the house of Yuri Zakharievich, the grandfather of Tsarina Anastasia. In this house she was brought up and from it was taken as a wife by Ivan IV Vasilyevich. In memory of this, Anastasia, being already a queen, around 1550 established a female monastery for her support. But here and earlier there was a parish church built by Yuri (Georgy) Zakharievich Koshkin-Zakharov. After 1812 the monastery was abolished. In its place are three parish churches. The interior of the Church of the Great Martyr George is distinguished by the correct size and matching parts. Contemporaries and associates of Peter the Great are buried in it: Zotov, his first teacher, Romodanovsky and Golovin, the famous vice-chancellor, who died in 1755 in Siberia. Near the monastery there was also the church of Anastasia the Uzoroshitelnitsa, founded by Anastasia Romanovna in memory of her former life around this place.
Rare Chapels of Moscow
There are over thirty chapels in Moscow. Almost all of them are built from different monasteries and parish churches.
Birlyukovskaya desert chapel… There are two of them. The first on the Sofiyskaya embankment near the Stone Bridge, the second on the German market. The first of them, in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, formerly belonged to the Donskoy Monastery and was built on the site donated to the monastery by Peter the Great. After the abolition of the monastery, at the request of Metropolitan Platon, the chapel passed into the possession of the Birlyukovskaya Hermitage. There is a particularly revered icon of the Savior and many pieces of holy relics here. The second chapel was built at the beginning of the 19th century. Birlyukova Pustyn is located 40 miles from Moscow, in the Bogorodsky district. Founded in 1777 by Metropolitan Platon.
David's desert… Two chapels. The first on Moskvoretskaya Street, the second on Kaluzhskaya Square. The Davidovskaya Voznesenskaya Hermitage is located 23 versts from Serpukhov. Founded in 1515 by the Monk David. In the first chapel there is a miraculous icon of the All-Merciful Savior.
Danilovsky monastery… On Bolshaya Danilovskaya Street. Built in 1784 by the monastery's archimandrite Gennady.
Golutvinsky monastery… Chapel of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos. Located on 1st Meshchanskaya.
Pokrovsky monastery… On Taganskaya Square. Built in the 19th century; but after the ruin in 1812, it was rebuilt in 1819 with the monastic funds. There is a shop at the chapel. Another chapel of the same monastery is located on Semenovskaya Street. It has existed since 1779.
Spaso-Andronievsky monastery… It is located not far from the monastery in the direction of the Nizhny Novgorod road. Tradition says that it was placed in the place where the Monk Sergius, after a long conversation with Andronik, the organizer of the Androniev monastery, bade him farewell. This legend is confirmed by history, as it is known that St. Sergius by the will of St. Alexia went to Nizhny Novgorod to pacify Prince Boris, who seized the Nizhny Novgorod principality.
Sergius of Radonezh (Gethsemane skete)… At the Ilyinsky Gate. It was arranged by order of Metropolitan Filaret and consecrated in 1863. There are particles of holy relics here.
St. Feraphon on Kaluga Square… Belongs to the Luzhnitsky Monastery, located near Mozhaisk. In this chapel, at the request of local residents, a prayer service with a procession from three parish churches is held annually on September 28 on the occasion of the deliverance of Moscow from cholera that was in 1830.
Nikolo-Perervinsky monastery… It is located on Serpukhovskaya Square.
St. John the Warrior… In Yakimansky Lane. There are no services in it.
Christ the Savior and the Mother of God… Two chapels at the Spassky Gate. One of them contains an exact copy of the miraculous image of the Savior, which is above the gates.
St. Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky… On Moiseevskaya Square. Arranged in 1883.
Central Administrative District
Anglican Church
55° 45′ 29.24″ N
37° 36′ 18.31″ E
Address: Voznesensky per., 8. St. Andrew's Anglican Church.
You can get inside only for a service or a concert. You can just go to a concert.
Novy Arbat street
The list of places with possible floaters and voids is numbered 13. According to the digger Vadim Mikhailov, one of the leaders of the Moscow diggers, and Viktor Osipov, director of Geoecology.
Guests from the day after tomorrow
Historical archives of all countries are full of messages about mysterious aliens who “ride on their carts” gullible earthlings not only “in heaven”, but also in Time. Were the ancients really partial to science fiction? Or did they want to give us, their descendants, more secrets and mysteries? Indeed, there is something to be surprised…
Chinese chroniclers of the beginning of the 1st millennium reported: “…Lu Gong, nicknamed Wenjing, together with a servant and a maid, were looking for healing means between the ridges. Suddenly they noticed three people in the gorge. Addressing Lu, they said: “We are immortal celestials from the chambers of Great Purity and Great Harmony… If you follow with us, the secret of immortality will be revealed to you.” Following this, Lu, along with the celestials, disappeared for two days. They taught him a secret spell. Then, releasing Lu, they said: “You, venerable, spent two days with us, but two centuries have passed in the human world.” Lu Gong returned, but saw an empty dwelling. None of the sons and grandchildren remained… “(Purple Jasper. Chinese narrative prose of the 1st-4th centuries. 1989.)
By Alex 'Florstein' Fedorov, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46992058
Other chronicles report about Huangdi, who in the XXVI century BC. e. descended from the sky with his assistants in the area of the Yellow River. After becoming emperor, Huang Ti taught people to dig wells, to be treated with acupuncture, to make boats and musical instruments… But most of all, earthlings were surprised not by new knowledge, but by an amazing tripod, on which their teachers flew “no one knows where”. This apparatus could “rest and walk”, “become light and heavy”, “fly in the clouds like a dragon”, and besides, it “had no barriers in the past and in the future”!
In the saga “The Voyage of Bran, son of Febal,” the protagonist, having stayed in the “big house” for one day, and returning home on the ship, noticed that during this time several generations of people had changed and he was remembered only thanks to ancient oral legends.
By Igor3188 – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=49298042
Автор: Ludvig14 – собственная работа, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26817936
Basement of the Church of St. Nicholas in Bersenev
Address: Bersenevskaya embankment, 20.
According to legend, an underground passage goes from the basement of the Church of St. Nicholas in Bersenev towards the Kremlin.
“Bermuda” area near Moskovya
All addresses are with the diggers and V. Klimov.
A previously unknown underground river was discovered five meters under the capital's soil.
Igor Shumeiko:
– If you tell someone that there are white spots on the map of the Moscow region, then you can immediately foresee a chorus of refutations: “The Moscow region is a perfectly studied region, there are no“ white spots ”here for a long time!” But, nevertheless, – I will undertake to win an argument from any of the experts. The trick is that “Podmoskoviy” is two! And if the area around Moscow is indeed the most densely populated, studied in Russia, then the area near Moscow, in the literal sense of the word “under-Moskovye” – is “the lost world”, “Himalayas inside out.”
Illegal river
And the most lost, the most “Bermuda” area of this sub-Moscovye, a source of surprises, always unpleasant and sometimes disastrous, is the arc: Samotechnaya Square – Tsvetnoy Boulevard – Trubnaya Square – Neglinnaya. The area of the most significant man-made change in Moscow geo- and hydrography. Back in 1820, the Neglinka River was “enclosed in a pipe”. This calms many people – when the word “pipe” is used, they imagine something like a reliable gas pipeline from Gazprom, but I hasten to reassure you. Physically, it was like this: piles were driven along the coast, blocked with a stone vault, and… However, one of the best essays of the famous Gilyarovsky is dedicated to this. Let's continue it with the words:
“…They laid a wooden floor, arranged street water drains through drainage wells and made an underground cesspool under the streets. In addition to the “legal” runoff for rainwater, most wealthy homeowners put secret underground sewage runoffs in Neglinka, instead of taking them out in barrels, as was the case everywhere in Moscow. The police knew this, the householders knew it, and everyone must have thought: it's not us, it's not going to end with us!.. Water gushed at the doors of shops and in the lower floors… because the never cleaned cloaca could not hold rainwater…
My articles on the underground cesspool made a splash. The Duma decided to begin the reconstruction of Neglinka… the engineer Levachev was entrusted with the task.”
But Gilyarovsky had to return to the topic once again: “Over the decades after Levachev's perestroika, again, dirt and sewage formed a plug in the bend of the canal under Kitayskiy proezd, near the Small Canal…”
Let us note two characteristic moments in the developing history of the Neglinka region – a river that has passed, so to speak, “into an illegal position.”
1. The authorities periodically “open up, clean out” the underground river.
2. Sources of clogging, silting – “unaccounted for” sewage effluents continue to operate.
By the way, the above alignment in some incomprehensible, just mystical way was displayed on the surface of the “cloaca”. Indeed, the Central Bank of Russia is located on Neglinnaya Street, the essence of whose efforts is very, very similar to what is happening literally five meters below it. The same struggle with “unaccounted for” financial flows, periodic “opening” of some banks, and the same remaining sources of sewage – sorry – “black cash”.
Empire of government “Moscow kollector”
But let us return from the virtual to the real sub-Muscovy, which is unique in one more circumstance. We are talking about “Empire Moskollektor”.
Historians and urban planning theorists have yet to analyze all the architectural, economic, and possibly military-political factors that have caused the rapid development of a complex engineering system in Moscow – underground collectors for engineering communications. 650 km of collectors are available in Moscow. In other cities, this engineering solution has not received such distribution: the closest “pursuers” are St. Petersburg and Togliatti (50 and 80 km, respectively).
A collector is, in fact, a pipe of round or rectangular cross-section, which contains: pipelines for cold and hot water supply, heat supply, power cables, communication cables, and until recently – and gas pipelines. Surprisingly, even before 1989, there was no organization in Moscow for the operation of underground collectors. There was a kind of “elective”: enterprises for the construction and repair of bridges – some of their specialists were responsible for the collectors. The underground structures and the utilities laid in them were in a state of… like the “winter of 1991–1992”.
Because of the groundwater, some collectors were simply impassable. The lighting hardly worked, and neither did the drainage. Obstruction of household and technical waste, corrosion. The entrances were not equipped with locking devices, hence the theft of cables, arson, spontaneous abodes of homeless people.
The great merit of the then member of the Moscow government, Alexander Matrosov: the “Moskollector” he created managed to put things in order in the “labyrinth”. Just before the onset of the period of the so-called “terrorist manifestations”.
The chief engineer of the State Unitary Enterprise “Moskollektor” Gennady Mosin described the farm under his jurisdiction:
“26 thousand units of ventilation and pumping equipment, 12 thousand ground structures, more than 3 thousand methane sensors, 150 kilometers of security and fire alarm systems. The former brick ground ventilation kiosks were broken with one blow, now they are reinforced concrete, with locks and alarms. The operational and dispatching service of Moskollektora was incorporated into the Unified System of Operational Dispatch Management in Emergencies of the City of Moscow. Since 1995, there is a deputy for security and a special department. These are all people who came, let's say, from the relevant authorities. The schemes of interaction with the Ministry of Emergency Situations have been debugged.”
More about security systems Gennady Nikolaevich did not begin – for reasons of the same security.
“Our service is very specific,” he emphasizes. – We do not need to engage in self-promotion. When we are not seen, not heard, there is no mention in city reports – this is the main indicator of our good work. As our general director Alexander Morozov says: “We must exclude a place for heroic deeds.” After the explosion on the Entuziastov highway, we created a gas protection service. An analysis of the gas-air environment is carried out before entering the collector. But the most correct, systemic solution is the removal of gas pipelines from the ground, which is already close to full implementation.”
– Another fashionable topic related to your farm – diggers, – I again turn to Gennady Mosin…
– I had to cross with their leader – Vadim Mikhailov, – says the chief engineer of Moskollektor. “One might say, they do not help us, but they hardly interfere. Their energy would be directed to a peaceful channel.”
Tributary of the Neglinka – Neuchtenka
It can be admitted quite objectively: the situation near Moscow is improving. Gone – pah-pah! – in the past “geysers” and boiling water lakes. The “geology” of Moscow is being actively studied, and, most importantly, it is being improved even more actively. Remember the succession of sinkholes that dragged people and machines in? (Again, I will draw your attention to the earthly underground mysticism: as you know, Bolshaya Dmitrovka Street, connecting the Upper with the Lower House of the Federal Assembly, that is, the Federation Council with the State Duma, collapsed.)
The last surprises, as one might expect, are brought by the shores of the “illegal”, “underground” Neglinka… For example, an interesting and beautiful object was planned at the corner of Sadovo-Samotechnaya and Tsvetnoy boulevards: the Elina Cultural and Social Women's Center. The author of the idea is our legendary actress Elina Bystritskaya.
Of course, Elina Avraamovna will see her dream come true, but… a little later. Why? There is a strict procedure: builders receive from the city a detailed description of the site for future development. The builders of “Elina” were unlucky at once: quicksand and groundwater. But what they discovered at a depth of 4 meters can be compared to a bomb – a duty image, but only with real bombs they spend half a day, and here the builders had to deal with their “find” – six months!
And historians argue to this day: whether it is a tributary of the Neglinka, taken into a brick pipe, or a specially laid channel to the fountain that worked in the 19th century on Tsvetnoy Boulevard. This one was not listed on any scheme where much less significant collectors were registered. It is also interesting: the source (or source?) Of the water that flooded the entire construction site has not been found. For many nights – so as not to interfere with the noise of traffic – prospectors wandered along Sadovo-Samotechnaya with an echo sounder, tracing the channel. We got to Prospect Mira, then the trail was lost. And the builders had to use the most radical and expensive method: to intercept (the river? The channel?) Higher and to bypass the “dream of Elina Bystritskaya”…
In general, this was the largest discovery in the history of Moscow hydrography, and if it turns out to be a river, it will be necessary to give it some name. Trial option: tributary Neglinka – Neuchtenka.
Premises of the Exhibition Archaeological Complex
They will be located in the underground space of the atrium from the side of Ilyinka, resting in the opposite direction on Khrustalny Lane. The exposition area itself is lowered almost 4 meters below the courtyard mark. Together with the utility rooms, the total area of the complex will be 778 square meters.
The system of showcases for the exposition of the finds of the Center for Archaeological Research of the Main Directorate for the Protection of Monuments of the City of Moscow includes a hermetically glazed archaeological excavation under the floor of the exhibition area. Inside the showcases, a constant climatic regime and illumination are provided for better preservation and demonstration of exhibits.
It is planned to open another, third, local museum of archeology in Mitino, on the territory of a nature conservation park. This was announced at a press conference by the head of the Moscow Center for Archaeological Research Alexander Veksler. He believes that the past 10 years have become an important milestone in the study of the history of the capital. With a sharp increase in the scale of construction of various objects in the city, the volume of archaeological research has also increased. The negative attitude towards archaeologists, allegedly “interfering” and hindering construction, was replaced by their full support from the capital's administration. This is evidenced by the decision made by the City Government on the need to coordinate with archaeologists all design estimates for the construction of facilities in the city, all orders for earthworks. Furthermore.
By the decision of the Moscow Government, not only individual objects, but an entire cultural layer, as, for example, within the Kamer-Kollezhsky Val, were declared a monument of archeology. Projects have been developed for preserving the foundations of ancient Moscow churches – St. Nicholas on Ilyinka and the Assumption on Pokrovka. In addition, 217 historical objects outside the historical part of the city – villages, monasteries – also received the status of protected by the state, in particular, the territory of the Spassky meadow and the floodplain of the river in Mitino. This means a ban on construction work without prior archaeological research.
Currently, work is underway, or directly during construction, at 424 sites in the city, not counting those where archaeological supervision is carried out.
The most significant among them is the Old Gostiny Dvor. Alexander Veksler noted the fantastic results of the ongoing archaeological work, which yielded a huge number of valuable finds in uncovered ancient structures. The cultural layer from 5 to 12 meters was completely intact thanks to the coordinated actions of historians and builders. Over 1000 buildings have survived, including those erected since the founding of Gostiny Dvor in the 15th century. Unique items were found in them, in particular the largest treasure of Russian silver kopecks in Moscow. Moscow Mayor Yu.M. Luzhkov, having familiarized himself with the finds, noted the need for their museumification.