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Collins Japanese Visual Dictionary
COPYRIGHT
Published by Collins
An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers
Westerhill Road
Bishopbriggs
Glasgow G64 2QT
First Edition 2019
© HarperCollins Publishers 2019
Collins® is a registered trademark of HarperCollins Publishers Limited
Ebook Edition © March 2019
ISBN: 9780008319939
Version: 2019-03-28
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INTRODUCTION
Whether you’re on holiday or staying in Japan for a slightly longer period of time, your Collins Visual Dictionary is designed to help you find exactly what you need, when you need it. With over a thousand clear and helpful images, you can quickly locate the vocabulary you are looking for.
The Visual Dictionary includes:
1. 10 chapters arranged thematically, so that you can easily find what you need to suit the situation
2. images – illustrating essential items
3. YOU MIGHT SAY… – common phrases that you might want to use
4. YOU MIGHT HEAR… – common phrases that you might come across
5. VOCABULARY – common words that you might need
6. YOU SHOULD KNOW… – tips about local customs or etiquette
USING YOUR COLLINS VISUAL DICTIONARY
The points below explain a few basic concepts of Japanese pronunciation and grammar and will help ensure that your Collins Visual Dictionary gives you as much help as possible when using Japanese:
1)There are several systems for writing Japanese in Roman characters, but the most understandable for English speakers is called the Hepburn system, which has been adapted slightly for use in this dictionary. Long vowels (pronounced with twice the length of normal vowels) have been written with a bar over the top, except for the double i:
ā ii ē ō ū
bus stop バス停 basu-tē
street 通り tōri
2)Japanese grammar is simple in many ways compared to European languages: there is no gender and there are no definite or indefinite articles; there is no difference between singular and plural; and verbs only have past and non-past (present or future) forms and do not change according to who is performing an action.
3)There are different levels of politeness in Japanese, but polite forms suitable for general use have been used in the phrases in this book.
Verbs are shown in the “plain” form. This is the form used among family members and close friends, and to form more complex structures, so you may hear people using it. However, it is safest to stick to using the polite form to avoid appearing over-familiar or rude. In the polite form, Japanese verbs end in “-masu”. Negative forms and past tenses are made by changing the verb ending.
4)Japanese uses small words called particles to show how different parts of the sentence relate to each other. Some are similar to English prepositions, but in Japanese they come immediately after the nouns they refer to. These particles have the following functions:
wa
topic marker
ga
subject marker
o
direct object marker
ni
indirect object marker, goal and location marker
to
connects nouns, ‘and’ or ‘with’
de
indicates by which means an action is carried out or where an action takes place
no
indicates that the second noun is described in some way by the first, e.g. possession
mo
“also/as well”
kara
“from/since”
made
“until/as far as”
Other particles occur at the end of sentences to change the meaning from a straightforward statement. The most common ones are:
ka
question marker
ne
asks for agreement or confirmation
yo
adds emphasis
Finally, some particles are used to link clauses to make more complex sentences. Two of the most useful are kara “because/so” (which always comes after the reason or cause) and ga “but/although”.
5)Japanese word order is subject – object – verb, with the verb at the end of the sentence. The basic Japanese sentence has a topic and a comment section. The topic, indicated by the topic marker wa, usually comes at the beginning of the sentence, but if it is understood among the speakers or from the context, it is often omitted. Personal pronouns are avoided; instead, the person’s name is normally used, even for “you”. The most neutral order for additional phrases in longer sentences is time – manner – place.
FREE AUDIO
We have created a free audio resource to help you learn and practise the Japanese words for all of the images shown in this dictionary. The Japanese words in each chapter are spoken by native speakers, giving you the opportunity to listen to each word twice and repeat it yourself. Download the audio from the website below to learn all of the vocabulary you need for communicating in Japanese.
www.collinsdictionary.com/resources
THE ESSENTIALS
| 必須事項
Whether you’re going to be visiting Japan, or even living there, you’ll want to be able to chat with people and get to know them better. Being able to communicate effectively with acquaintances, friends, family, and colleagues is key to becoming more confident in Japanese in a variety of everyday situations.
umbrella
傘
kasa
1. blue
青い
aoi
2. red
赤い
akai
3. yellow
黄色い
kiiroi
4. green
緑の
midori no
5. white
白い
shiroi
6. black
黒い
kuroi
THE BASICS
| 基本
Hello.
こんにちは。
konnichiwa.
Good morning.
おはよう（ございます）。
ohayō (gozaimasu).
Good afternoon.
こんにちは。
konnichiwa.
Good evening.
こんばんは
konbanwa.
Good night.
おやすみ（なさい）
oyasumi (nasai).
See you soon.
じゃあ、また。
jā, mata.
See you tomorrow.
また、明日。
mata, ashita.
Goodbye.
さようなら
sayōnara.
Bye!
じゃあね。
jā ne.
YOU SHOULD KNOW…
Japanese people bow to express their respect and appreciation. People bow to accompany greetings, words of appreciation, or apologies. The strength of the respect, gratitude, or apology dictates how low your bow should be.
There are two other common ways of saying goodbye in Japanese. The first, いってきます itte kimasu, is said by someone who is leaving but will return later. The second, いってらっしゃい itte rasshai, is said by the other person in response to that and literally means “go and return”.
Yes.
はい。
hai.
No.
いいえ。
iie.
I don’t know/understand.
分かりません。
wakarimasen.
please
お願いします。
onegai shimasu.
No, thanks.
いいえ、結構です。
iie, kekkō desu.
Excuse me.
すみません。
sumimasen.
Sorry?
何ですか。
nan desu ka?
I’m sorry.
すみません。
sumimasen.
OK!
はい！
hai!
Thank you.
ありがとう（ござい
ます）。
arigatō (gozaimasu).
You’re welcome.
いいえ（どういたしまして）。
iie (dō itashimashite).
Go ahead./Here you are.
どうぞ
dōzo
ABOUT YOU
| 自分について
How old are you?
何歳ですか。
nan-sai desu ka?
May I ask how old you are?
お年を聞いてもいいですか。
o-toshi o kiite mo ii desu ka?
When is your birthday?
誕生日はいつですか。
tanjōbi wa itsu desu ka?
I’m … years old.
…歳です。
…sai desu.
My birthday is on…
誕生日は…です。
tanjōbi wa …desu.
I was born in…
…で生まれました。
…de umaremashita.
Where are you from?
出身はどちらですか。
shusshin wa dochira desu ka?
Where do you live?
どこに住んでいますか。
doko ni sunde imasu ka?
I’m from…
私は…から来ました。
watashi wa … kara kimashita.
I live in…
…に住んでいます。
…ni sunde imasu.
I’m…
私は…です。
watashi wa …desu.
Scottish
スコットランド人
sukottorando-jin
English
イングランド人
ingurando-jin
Irish
アイルランド人
airurando-jin
Welsh
ウェールズ人
wēruzu-jin
British
イギリス人
igirisu-jin
Are you married?
結婚していますか。
kekkon shite imasu ka?
I have a partner.
パートナーがいます。
pātonā ga imasu.
I’m single.
独身です。
dokushin desu.
I’m married.
結婚しています。
kekkon shite imasu.
I’m divorced.
離婚しました。
rikon shimashita.
Do you have any children?
お子さんがいますか。
o-kosan ga imasu ka?
I have … children.
子供が…人います。
kodomo ga …nin imasu.
I don’t have any children.
子供がいません。
kodomo ga imasen.
FAMILY AND FRIENDS
| 家族と友だち
Different versions of words for family members are used depending on whether you are talking about your own family members (in-group) or someone else’s (out-group). In the list below, the terms before the slash are for your own family members, and those after it are honorific terms used to refer to someone else’s. Usage is changing, however: younger people today sometimes use the honorific terms to talk about their own family.
Mr/Mrs/Miss/Ms
…さん
…san
husband
夫／ご主人
otto/go-shujin
wife
妻／奥さん
tsuma/oku-san
boyfriend
ボーイフレンド
bōi furendo
girlfriend
ガールフレンド
gāru furendo
partner
パートナー
pātonā
fiancé/fiancée
フィアンセ
fianse
son
息子／息子さん
musuko/musuko-san
daughter
娘／娘さん
musume/museme-san
mother
母／お母さん
haha/okā-san
father
父／お父さん
chichi/otō-san
older brother
兄／お兄さん
ani/onii-san
younger brother
弟／弟さん
otōto/otōto-san
older sister
姉／お姉さん
ane/onē-san
younger sister
妹／妹さん
imōto/imōto-san
uncle
おじ／おじさん
oji/oji-san
aunt
おば／おばさん
oba/oba-san
nephew
甥／甥ごさん
oi/oigo-san
niece
姪／姪ごさん
mē/mēgo-san
cousin
いとこ
itoko
grandfather
祖父／おじいさん
sofu/ojii-san
grandmother
祖母／おばあさん
sobo/obā-san
grandson
孫（息子）／お孫さん
mago(musuko)/omago-san
granddaughter
孫娘／孫娘さん
magomusume/magomusume-san
stepfather
血の繋がらない父
chi no tsunagaranai chichi
in-laws
義理の親戚
giri no shinseki
mother-in-law
義母
gibo
father-in-law
義父
gifu
daughter-in-law
義理の娘／…娘さん
giri no musume/…musume-san
son-in-law
義理の息子／…息子さん
giri no musuko/…musuko-san
brother-in-law
義理の兄弟
giri no kyōdai
sister-in-law
義理の姉妹
giri no shimai
friend
友達
tomodachi
neighbour
近所の人
kinjo no hito
baby
赤ん坊／赤ちゃん
akanbō/akachan
child/children
子供／お子さん
kodomo/o-ko-san
teenager
ティーンエージャー
tiin’ējā
parents
両親／ご両親
ryōshin/go-ryōshin
siblings
兄弟／ご兄弟
kyōdai/go-kyōdai
This is/These are…
こちらは…です。
kochira wa … desu.
This is my husband.
こちらは夫です。
kochira wa otto desu.
YOU SHOULD KNOW…
When speaking to family members, the honorific terms are used, except for younger brother/sister, when name + さん san, or more familiarly ちゃん chan (for boys and girls) or 君 kun (for boys) are used.
GENERAL HEALTH AND WELLBEING
| 健康
How are you?
お元気ですか。
o-genki desu ka?
How’s it going?
最近、いかがですか。
saikin, ikaga desu ka?
Very well, thanks, and you?
元気です。…さんは？
genki desu. …san wa?
Fine, thanks.
ありがとう。元気です。
arigatō. genki desu.
Great!
すごく元気です。
sugoku genki desu.
Not bad, thanks.
ありがとう。まあまあです。
arigatō. māmā desu.
Could be worse.
まずまずです。
mazumazu desu.
I’m fine.
大丈夫です。
daijōbu desu.
I’m tired.
疲れました。
tsukaremashita.
I’m hungry.
お腹が減っています。
onaka ga hette imasu.
I’m thirsty.
のどが渇いています。
nodo ga kawaite imasu.
I’m cold.
寒いです。
samui desu.
I’m warm.
あたたかいです。
atatakai desu.
I’m hot.
あついです。
atsui desu.
I am/feel…
（私は）…
(watashi wa) ….
happy
うれしいです
ureshii desu
excited
わくわくします
wakuwaku shimasu
surprised
びっくりしました
bikkuri shimashita
annoyed
イライラしています
iraira shite imasu
angry
怒っています
okotte imasu
sad
悲しいです
kanashii desu
worried
心配です
shinpai desu
afraid
怖いです
kowai desu
bored
退屈です
taikutsu desu
well
健康です
kenkō desu
unwell
気分が悪いです
kibun ga warui desu
better
よくなりました
yoku narimashita
worse
悪くなりました
waruku narimashita
WORK
| 仕事
Japanese people tend to say where they work, rather than the kind of work they do. Working for a major company at whatever level is prestigious.
Where do you work?
どこで働いていますか。
doko de hataraite imasu ka?
What’s your occupation?
お仕事は何ですか。
o-shigoto wa nan desu ka?
Do you work/study?
働いて／勉強していますか。
hataraite/benkyō shite imasu.
I’m self-employed.
自営業です。
jiēgyō desu.
I’m unemployed.
失業中です。
shitsugyō-chū desu.
I’m at university.
大学で勉強しています。
daigaku de benkyō shite imasu.
I’m retired.
退職しました。
taishoku shimashita.
I’m not working.
無職です。
mushoku desu.
I’m travelling.
旅行中です。
ryokō-chū desu.
I work from home.
家で働いています。
uchi de hataraite imasu.
I work part-/full-time.
パート／常勤で働いています。
pāto/jōkin de hataraite imasu.
I work at/in…
…で働いています。
… de hataraite imasu.
I work in a bank.
銀行に勤めています。
ginkō ni tsutomete imasu.
business
商売
shōbai
company
会社
kaisha
factory
工場
kōjō
government
政府
sēfu
hospital
病院
byōin
hotel
ホテル
hoteru
office
事務所／会社
jimusho/kaisha
restaurant
レストラン
resutoran
school
学校
gakkō
shop
店
mise
I’m a/an…
私は…です。
watashi wa … desu.
I work as a/an…
…の仕事をしています。
…no shigoto o shite imasu.
architect
建築家
kenchikuka
builder
建築業者／大工
kenchiku-gyōsha/daiku
chef
シェフ
shefu
civil servant
公務員
kōmuin
cleaner
清掃人
sēsō-nin
decorator
内装業者
naisō-gyōsha
dentist
歯医者
haisha
doctor
医者
isha
driver
運転手
untenshu
electrician
電気技師
denki-gishi
engineer
技師
gishi
firefighter
消防士
shōbōshi
IT worker
IT 技術者
aitii gijutsusha
journalist
ジャーナリスト
jānarisuto
lawyer
弁護士
bengoshi
mechanic
機械工
kikaikō
nurse
看護師
kangoshi
office worker
事務員
jimuin
plumber
配管工
haikankō
police officer
警察官
kēsatsukan
postal worker
郵便局員
yūbinkyokuin
sales assistant
店員
ten’in
teacher
教師／先生
kyōshi/sensē
vet
獣医
jūi
waiter/waitress
ウェイター／ウェイトレス
weitā/weitoresu
YOU SHOULD KNOW…
Male white-collar employees are called サラリーマン sarariiman (lit: salary man), while the term “OL” (from “office lady”) is used to refer to women working in secretarial or office support roles. The word 会社員 kaisha-in (“company employee”) can be used to refer to both male and female office workers.
TIME
| 時間
morning
朝
asa
afternoon
午後
gogo
evening
晩
ban
night
夜
yoru
midday
真昼
mahiru
midnight
真夜中
mayonaka
a.m.
午前
gozen
p.m.
午後
gogo
What time is it?
何時ですか。
nan-ji desu ka?
It’s nine o’clock.
9時です。
ku-ji desu.
It’s ten past nine.
9時10分です。
ku-ji juppun desu.
It’s quarter past nine.
9時15分です。
ku-ji jūgo-fun desu.
It’s half past nine.
9時半です。
ku-ji han desu.
It’s twenty to ten.
9時40分です。
ku-ji yonjuppun desu.
It’s quarter to ten.
9時45分です。
ku-ji yonjūgo-fun desu.
It’s five to ten.
10時5分前です。
jū-ji go-fun mae desu.
It’s 10 a.m.
午前10時です。
gozen jū-ji desu.
It’s 5 p.m.
午後5時です。
gogo go-ji desu.
When…?
いつ…?
itsu …?
… in two minutes.
…2分で
…ni-fun de
… in an hour.
…1時間で
…ichi-jikan de
… in quarter of/half an hour.
…15／30分で
…jūgo-fun/sanju-ppun de
early
早い
hayai
late
遅い
osoi
soon
もうすぐ
mōsugu
later
あとで
ato de
now
今
ima
DAYS, MONTHS, AND SEASONS
| 日、月、季節
Monday
月曜日
getsuyōbi
Tuesday
火曜日
kayōbi
Wednesday
水曜日
suiyōbi
Thursday
木曜日
mokuyōbi
Friday
金曜日
kin’yōbi
Saturday
土曜日
doyōbi
Sunday
日曜日
nichiyōbi
January
1月
ichigatsu
February
2月
nigatsu
March
3月
sangatsu
April
4月
shigatsu
May
5月
gogatsu
June
6月
rokugatsu
July
7月
shichigatsu
August
8月
hachigatsu
September
9月
kugatsu
October
10月
jūgatsu
November
11月
jūichigatsu
December
12月
jūnigatsu
day
日
hi
weekend
週末
shūmatsu
week
週
shū
fortnight
2週間
ni-shūkan
month
月
tsuki
year
年
toshi
decade
10年間
jū-nenkan
daily
毎日（の）
mainichi (no)
weekly
週に1度（の）
shū ni ichi-do (no)
fortnightly
2週間に1度（の）
ni-shūkan ni ichi-do (no)
monthly
月に1度（の）
tsuki ni ichi-do (no)
yearly
年に1度（の）
nen ni ichi-do (no)
on Mondays
月曜日に
getsuyōbi ni
every Sunday
毎週日曜日
maishū nichiyōbi
last Thursday
先週の木曜日
senshū no mokuyōbi
next Friday
来週の金曜日
raishū no kin’yōbi
last week
先週
senshū
next week
来週
raishū
next month
来月
raigetsu
today
今日
kyō
tonight
今晩
konban
tomorrow
明日
ashita
yesterday
昨日
kinō
the day after tomorrow
あさって
asatte
the day before yesterday
おととい
ototoi
the week before
前の週
mae no shū
the week after
次の週
tsugi no shū
in February
2月に
nigatsu ni
in 2019
2019年に
nisenjūhkyū-nen ni
in the ’80s
80年代に
hachijū-nen dai ni
What day is it today?
今日は何曜日ですか。
kyō wa nan’yōbi desu ka?
What is today’s date?
今日は何日ですか。
kyō wa nan-nichi desu ka?
When is it?
いつですか。
itsu desu ka?
spring
春
haru
summer
夏
natsu
autumn
秋
aki
winter
冬
fuyu
in spring/summer/autumn/winter
春／夏／秋／冬に
haru/natsu/aki/fuyu ni
rainy season
梅雨
tsuyu
WEATHER
| 天気
How’s the weather?
天気はどうですか。
tenki wa dō desu ka?
What’s the forecast for today/tomorrow?
今日／明日の天気予報はどうですか。
kyō/ashita no tenki-yohō wa dō desu ka?
Is it going to rain?
雨がふりそうですか。
ame ga furi sō desu ka?
What a lovely day!
いい天気ですね。
ii tenki desu ne.
What awful weather!
ひどい天気ですね。
hidoi tenki desu ne.
It’s sunny/cloudy/stormy.
晴れて／くもって／荒れています。
harete/kumotte/arete imasu.
It’s misty.
かすんでいます。
kasunde imasu.
It’s foggy.
霧が深いです。
kiri ga fukai desu.
It’s pleasantly cool.
涼しいです。
suzushii desu.
It’s freezing.
すごく寒いです。
sugoku samui desu.
It’s raining/snowing.
雨／雪が降っています。
ame/yuki ga futte imasu.
It’s windy.
風が強いです。
kaze ga tsuyoi desu.
It is…
天気は…です。
tenki wa …desu.
nice
いい
ii
horrible
悪い
warui
hot
暑い
atsui
warm
暖かい
atatakai
cold
寒い
samui
wet
雨
ame
humid
蒸し暑い
mushiatsui
sun
太陽
taiyō
rain
雨
ame
snow
雪
yuki
hail
あられ
arare
ice
氷
kōri
wind
風
kaze
thunder
雷鳴
raimē
lightning
稲光
inabikari
NUMBERS
| 数字
1一ichi
2二ni
3三san
4四yon/shi
5五go
6六roku
7七nana/shichi
8八hachi
9九kyū/ku
10十jū
11十一jūichi
12十二jūni
13十三jūsan
14十四jūyon
15十五jūgo
16十六jūroku
17十七jūnana/jūshich
18十八jūhachi
19十九jūkyū/jūku
20二十nijū
30三十sanjū
40四十yonjū
50五十gojū
60六十rokujū
70七十nanajū
80八十hachijū
90九十kyūjū
100百hyaku
1000千sen
1000000 百万hyakuman
TRANSPORT
| 交通
Japan has excellent public transport, from high-speed bullet trains to metro and buses. Bridges or tunnels now link the four main islands. Transport and roads are very busy around public holidays.
helicopter
ヘリコプター
herikoputā
1. rotor
ローター
rōtā
2. blade
ブレード
burēdo
3. cockpit
コックピット
kokkupitto
4. nose
機首
kishu
5. tail
尾部
bibu
THE BASICS
| 基本
YOU MIGHT SAY…
Where is…?
