  .       
 


 
 1492      ,       .                             .             ?           ?               ?           ?  ,              ,                   .





 

  .       



Marcy Norton

THE TAME AND THE WILD

People and Animals after 1492



   Harvard University Press via Alexander Korzhenevski Agency (Russia).



 2024 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College

  . .,    , 2026

    .   , 2026








* * *



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               ,          .           ,  ,   , ,  ,   ,  , , , , , , , , , , ,       [7 -        : Norton M. Going to the Birds: Animals as Things and Beings in Early Modernity // Early Modern Things: Objects and Their Histories, 15001800 / Ed. P. Findlen. London: Routledge, 2012. P.5383; Norton M. The Chicken or the Iegue: Human-Animal Relationships and the Columbian Exchange // American Historical Review. 2015. Vol. 120. No. 1. P.2860.].       ,  ,              ,   ,   1492                 .               ,    ,      , -    .          :   ,        .          :      ,          .






. 1.1.   .    . XVII .






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            ,       .        longue dure[8 - Longue dure (.)  ,   .     ,      ,       .],        .    - caza  monetr?a                     ,      .   - ganader?a            ,    .        ,    , ,     .            .    ()  ,         ,      .     -: ,          ,  ,     ,             .     ,    . , ,    ,      ,     .           (        ),  (    ,     ),   (     )   (,          ).                   ,   ,        .        ,   ,    ,    .

   ,     (             ) ,      蠫.      () ,        ,    [9 -   .: Viveiros de Castro E. From the Enemys Point of View: Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society / Trans. C. V. Howard. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992; Descola P. In the Society of Nature: A Native Ecology in Amazonia / Trans. N. Scott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994; Fausto C. Of Enemies and Pets: Warfare and Shamanism in Amazonia / Trans. D. Rodgers // American Ethnologist. 1999. Vol. 26 No. 4. P.933956.   .: Basso E. B. The Kalapalo Indians in Central Brazil. New York: Holt, Reinhart, & Winston, 1973. P.1823; Erikson, P. De lapprivoisement ? lapprovisionnement: Chasse, alliance et familiarisation en Amazonie amriendienne // Techniques & Culture. 1987. No. 9. P.105140; Vila?a A. Making Kin Out of Others in Amazonia // Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. Vol. 8. No. 2. 2002. P.347365.].  ,    ,        ,    ,     ,      .               蠫,      蠫.      .  ,    ,  .       ,        ,      .              ,           .           :  ,   .    ,   ,          , ,   ,           , , , [10 - Viveiros de Castro. From the Enemys Point of View.].     ,            ( [11 -    ,     .])       .       ,       :           [12 - Oliver G. Caceria, sacrifice y poder Mesomerica. Mexico City: Fondo do Cultura Econmica, 2015.].     ,     ,              .   ,            ,          ,         .         ,  ,          (   ),          ,      1492 [13 -            .: Perri A., et. al. New Evidence of the Earliest Domestic Dogs in the Americas // American Antiquity. 2019. Vol. 84 No. 1. P.6887.           .: Stahl P. W. Early Dogs and Endemic South American Canids of the Spanish Main // Journal of Anthropological Research. 2013. Vol. 69. No. 4. P.515533.].   -        .

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                  [19 -       .: Anderson K. A Walk on the Wild Side: A Critical Geography of Domestication // Progress in Human Geography. 1997. Vol. 21. No. 4. P.463485; Ingold T. From Trust to Domination: An Alternative History of Human-Animal Relations // Animals and Human Society / Ed. A. Manning, J. A. Serpell. London: Routledge, 1994. P.122.].                   ,               ,                   ,   .  1513     ,        ,   ,  indios      :   ,   ,       , 蠫,  ,          ,          .         ,  indios   蠫      [20 - Lpez de Palacios Rubios, J. De las islas del Mar Ocano / Trans. A. Millares Carlo. Mexico City: Fondo do Cultura Econmica, 1954. P.9.].  1544    ,      ,         , :      ,  ,    ,  蠫,     imperio ,  ,   .   ,           ,     ,        ,      : , , , , ,   [21 - Gins de Sep?lveda, J. Democrates Segundo / Trans. A. Losada. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient?ficas, 1951. P.7578, 8184.  .: Pagden A. Dispossessing the Barbarian: Rights and Property in Spanish America // Spanish Imperialism and the Political Imagination: Studies in European and Spanish-American Social and Political Theory 15131830. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990. P.1336.].               XIX , ,  , , ,    ,       [22 - Shaler N. Domesticated Animals. London: Smith, Elder, 1896. . : Anderson. Walk on the Wild Side. P.467.].

   ,              , -      ,    .  ,          ,      ,           .         (Columbian Exchange)  ,    ,        .       ,  ,  ,    [23 - Crosby A. The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. 30


 anniversary edition. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. P.21, 30, 74; Crosby A. W. Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 9001900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. P.7482.].       ,  :    ,                ,      ?[24 - Diamond J. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. P.161167.]         ,     ,    ,     ,        .

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   ,   ,      ,     ?  ,    -  蠫[25 -     蠫 .: Descola. In the Society of Nature; Chakrabarty D. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.]?  ,  ,              ,        ,        ?

      ,      ,             , ,   .   ,   1492               ,       [26 -    (entangled history)    ,     ,   蠫    . .: Bauer R., Norton M. Entangled Trajectories: Indigenous and European Histories // Colonial Latin American Review. 2017. Vol. 26. No. 1. P.117. . : Norton M. Sacred Gifts, Profane Pleasures: A History of Tobacco and Chocolate in the Atlantic World. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008; Norton M. Subaltern Technologies and Early Modernity in the Atlantic World // Colonial Latin American Review. 2017. Vol. 26. No. 1. P.1838.].           ,  -    ,         .           ,            500  [27 - Norto M. Subaltern Technologies. P.2225.].                        .              [28 -               ,             .                   .: Jackson Z. I. Becoming Human: Matter and Meaning in an Antiblack World. New York: New York University Press, 2020; Sluyter A. Black Ranching Frontiers: African Cattle Herders of the Atlantic World, 15001900. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012; Blakley C. M. Enslaved People and Animals in the British Atlantic World. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2023; Derby L. B?tes Noirs: Sorcery as History in the Haitian-Dominican Borderlands. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, forthcoming.].

           ,            [29 -     ,             ,            .][30 -           .: Salda?a-Portillo M. J. Indian Given: Racial Geographies across Mexico and the United States. Durham: Duke University Press, 2016.].    -        ,      [31 -        ,        ,      .].       ,    .     XV      ,      ,     [32 -             , : Candiani V. S. Dreaming of Dry Land: Environmental Transformation in Colonial Mexico City. Stanford, CA: Stanford university Press, 2014; Warsh M. A. American Baroque: Pearls and the Nature of Empire, 14921700. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018; Svampa M. Neo-Extractivism in Latin America: Socio-Environmental Conflicts, the Territorial Turn, and New Political Narratives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. P.8; de Avilez Rocha G. The Pinzones and the Coup of the Acedares: Fishing and Colonozation in the Fifteenth-Century Atlantic // Colonial Latin American Review. 2019. Vol. 28. No. 4. P.427449.      .: Chevalier F. Land and Society in Colonial Mexico: The Great Hacienda. Berkley: University of California Press, 1963; Melville E. G. K. A Plaque of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994; de los Angeles Romero Frizzi M. Econom?a y vida de los espa?oles en la Mixteca Alta, 15191720. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropolog?a e Historia, 1990; DeJohn Anderson V. Creatures of Empire: How Domestic Animals Transformed Early America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004; del R?o Moreno, J. L. Ganader?a, plantaciones y comercio azucarero antillano. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Academia Dominicana de la Historia, 2012.].    ,       ,   ,          ,         .  ,          .          :     ,      ,      ,   .         ,        ,     ;          [33 - Adams C. J. The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory / Ed. Bloomsbury Revelation. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015 [1990]; Cronon W. Natures Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W. W. Norton, 1991; Bulliet R. W. Hunters, Herders, and Hamburgers: The Past and the Future of Human-Animal Relationships. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005; Wilcox R. W., Van Ausdal Sh. Hoofprints: Cattle Ranching and Land Transformation // A Living Past: Environmental Histories of Modern Latin America / Ed. J. Soluri, C. Leal, J. A. Pdua. New York: Berghahn Books, 2018; Berson J. The Meat Question: Animals, Humans, and the Deep History of Food. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2019.].       ,     ,       ,   -     -.   ,       ,    ,         [34 - Todd Z. Indigenizing the Anthropocene // Art in the Anthropocene: Encounters among Aesthetics, Politics, Environment and Epistemology / Ed. H. Davis, E. Turpin. London: Open Humanities Press, 2015. P.241254; Lewis S. L., Maslin M. A. Defining the Anthropocene // Nature. 2015. Vol. 519 No. 7542. P.171180.].

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        ,    .      ,      ,    ,    ,         .  ,   amoxtli,  ,    ,    ,   -     .                , ,      .              ,     .   ,        ,      .      ,           ,      [35 -     XVI ,  -    (. 14981590)   ,    .    2500 ,   12 ,    2500 -.       ,     .         -  2023 . URL: https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/es.].          [36 -               .:    Lpez Austin A., Bassett M., Monterro Sobrevilla I., McDonough K.  6 11.          .: Prez Ruiz M. L., Argueta Vallamar A. Saberes ind?genas y dialogo intercultural // Cultura y representaciones sociales. 2010. Vol. 5. No. 10. P.3156; Kimmerer R. W. Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge and the Teachings of Plants. Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions, 2013; Nelson M. K., Shilling D. (eds.). Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Learning from Indigenous Practices for Environmental Sustainability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.].    ,   , ,       ,          XVIIXVIII ,          [37 -            XVIXVIII ,        ,       .][38 -             .: Lpez Pi?ero, J. M., Pardo Toms J. La influencia de Francisco Hernndez (15121587) en la constitucin de la botnica y la materia mdica modernas. Valencia: Universitat de Val?ncia, 1996;  Marroquin J., Norton M. // Translating Nature: Cross-Cultural Histories of Early Modern Science / Ed. R. Bauer, J. Marroquin Arredondo. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019; Pimentel J. Fantasmas de la ciencia Espa?ola. Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia, 2000.  .: .2.].

,     ,                     .  ,               . -     ,   ,             ,   mansos ()        ,   .          ,    ,    .  ,      ,        ,       ,                   .     ,      XVI      (cherimbaue,  ,   ),  ,     ,   ,         .        ,   .    ,           .    ,     ,    .




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   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=74360931)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


     . . .




2


 1: 26,  .




3


          ,      .   ,    , . .




4


         ,   .        -. . .




5


Mendieta G, de. Historia eclesistica indiana. Mexico City: Cien de Mexico, 1997. P.186.




6


Pan R. An Account of the Antiquities of the Indians / Ed. J. J. Arrom / Trans. S. Griswold. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1999. P.68.




7


       : Norton M. Going to the Birds: Animals as Things and Beings in Early Modernity // Early Modern Things: Objects and Their Histories, 15001800 / Ed. P. Findlen. London: Routledge, 2012. P.5383; Norton M. The Chicken or the Iegue: Human-Animal Relationships and the Columbian Exchange // American Historical Review. 2015. Vol. 120. No. 1. P.2860.




8


Longue dure (.)  ,   .     ,      ,       .




9


  .: Viveiros de Castro E. From the Enemys Point of View: Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society / Trans. C. V. Howard. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992; Descola P. In the Society of Nature: A Native Ecology in Amazonia / Trans. N. Scott. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994; Fausto C. Of Enemies and Pets: Warfare and Shamanism in Amazonia / Trans. D. Rodgers // American Ethnologist. 1999. Vol. 26 No. 4. P.933956.   .: Basso E. B. The Kalapalo Indians in Central Brazil. New York: Holt, Reinhart, & Winston, 1973. P.1823; Erikson, P. De lapprivoisement ? lapprovisionnement: Chasse, alliance et familiarisation en Amazonie amriendienne // Techniques & Culture. 1987. No. 9. P.105140; Vila?a A. Making Kin Out of Others in Amazonia // Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. Vol. 8. No. 2. 2002. P.347365.




10


Viveiros de Castro. From the Enemys Point of View.




11


   ,     .




12


Oliver G. Caceria, sacrifice y poder Mesomerica. Mexico City: Fondo do Cultura Econmica, 2015.




13


           .: Perri A., et. al. New Evidence of the Earliest Domestic Dogs in the Americas // American Antiquity. 2019. Vol. 84 No. 1. P.6887.           .: Stahl P. W. Early Dogs and Endemic South American Canids of the Spanish Main // Journal of Anthropological Research. 2013. Vol. 69. No. 4. P.515533.




14


Breton R. Dictionaire caraibe-fran?ois. Auxerre: Gilles Bouquet, 1665. P.290; Breton R. Dictionaire fran?ois-caraibe. Auxerre: Gilles Bouquet, 1666. Vol. 2. P.1920.




15


    ,          .      .




16


Veintena (.)   20- ,     .




17


Lpez Lujan L., Olivier G. El sacrificio humano en la tradicin religiosa Mesoamericana. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropolog?a e Historia, 2010; Matos Moctezuma E. Life and Death in the Templo Mayor / Trans. B. R. Ort?z de Montellano, T. Ort?z de Montellano. Niwot: University Press of Colorado, 1995.




18


Amoxtli ()  , .




19


      .: Anderson K. A Walk on the Wild Side: A Critical Geography of Domestication // Progress in Human Geography. 1997. Vol. 21. No. 4. P.463485; Ingold T. From Trust to Domination: An Alternative History of Human-Animal Relations // Animals and Human Society / Ed. A. Manning, J. A. Serpell. London: Routledge, 1994. P.122.




20


Lpez de Palacios Rubios, J. De las islas del Mar Ocano / Trans. A. Millares Carlo. Mexico City: Fondo do Cultura Econmica, 1954. P.9.




21


Gins de Sep?lveda, J. Democrates Segundo / Trans. A. Losada. Madrid: Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient?ficas, 1951. P.7578, 8184.  .: Pagden A. Dispossessing the Barbarian: Rights and Property in Spanish America // Spanish Imperialism and the Political Imagination: Studies in European and Spanish-American Social and Political Theory 15131830. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1990. P.1336.




22


Shaler N. Domesticated Animals. London: Smith, Elder, 1896. . : Anderson. Walk on the Wild Side. P.467.




23


Crosby A. The Columbian Exchange: Biological and Cultural Consequences of 1492. 30


 anniversary edition. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. P.21, 30, 74; Crosby A. W. Ecological Imperialism: The Biological Expansion of Europe, 9001900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. P.7482.




24


Diamond J. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: W. W. Norton, 1997. P.161167.




25


    蠫 .: Descola. In the Society of Nature; Chakrabarty D. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.




26


   (entangled history)    ,     ,   蠫    . .: Bauer R., Norton M. Entangled Trajectories: Indigenous and European Histories // Colonial Latin American Review. 2017. Vol. 26. No. 1. P.117. . : Norton M. Sacred Gifts, Profane Pleasures: A History of Tobacco and Chocolate in the Atlantic World. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2008; Norton M. Subaltern Technologies and Early Modernity in the Atlantic World // Colonial Latin American Review. 2017. Vol. 26. No. 1. P.1838.




27


Norto M. Subaltern Technologies. P.2225.




28


              ,             .                   .: Jackson Z. I. Becoming Human: Matter and Meaning in an Antiblack World. New York: New York University Press, 2020; Sluyter A. Black Ranching Frontiers: African Cattle Herders of the Atlantic World, 15001900. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012; Blakley C. M. Enslaved People and Animals in the British Atlantic World. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2023; Derby L. B?tes Noirs: Sorcery as History in the Haitian-Dominican Borderlands. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, forthcoming.




29


    ,             ,            .




30


          .: Salda?a-Portillo M. J. Indian Given: Racial Geographies across Mexico and the United States. Durham: Duke University Press, 2016.




31


       ,        ,      .




32


            , : Candiani V. S. Dreaming of Dry Land: Environmental Transformation in Colonial Mexico City. Stanford, CA: Stanford university Press, 2014; Warsh M. A. American Baroque: Pearls and the Nature of Empire, 14921700. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018; Svampa M. Neo-Extractivism in Latin America: Socio-Environmental Conflicts, the Territorial Turn, and New Political Narratives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019. P.8; de Avilez Rocha G. The Pinzones and the Coup of the Acedares: Fishing and Colonozation in the Fifteenth-Century Atlantic // Colonial Latin American Review. 2019. Vol. 28. No. 4. P.427449.      .: Chevalier F. Land and Society in Colonial Mexico: The Great Hacienda. Berkley: University of California Press, 1963; Melville E. G. K. A Plaque of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994; de los Angeles Romero Frizzi M. Econom?a y vida de los espa?oles en la Mixteca Alta, 15191720. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropolog?a e Historia, 1990; DeJohn Anderson V. Creatures of Empire: How Domestic Animals Transformed Early America. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004; del R?o Moreno, J. L. Ganader?a, plantaciones y comercio azucarero antillano. Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Academia Dominicana de la Historia, 2012.




33


Adams C. J. The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory / Ed. Bloomsbury Revelation. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015 [1990]; Cronon W. Natures Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W. W. Norton, 1991; Bulliet R. W. Hunters, Herders, and Hamburgers: The Past and the Future of Human-Animal Relationships. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005; Wilcox R. W., Van Ausdal Sh. Hoofprints: Cattle Ranching and Land Transformation // A Living Past: Environmental Histories of Modern Latin America / Ed. J. Soluri, C. Leal, J. A. Pdua. New York: Berghahn Books, 2018; Berson J. The Meat Question: Animals, Humans, and the Deep History of Food. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2019.




34


Todd Z. Indigenizing the Anthropocene // Art in the Anthropocene: Encounters among Aesthetics, Politics, Environment and Epistemology / Ed. H. Davis, E. Turpin. London: Open Humanities Press, 2015. P.241254; Lewis S. L., Maslin M. A. Defining the Anthropocene // Nature. 2015. Vol. 519 No. 7542. P.171180.




35


    XVI ,  -    (. 14981590)   ,    .    2500 ,   12 ,    2500 -.       ,     .         -  2023 . URL: https://florentinecodex.getty.edu/es.




36


              .:    Lpez Austin A., Bassett M., Monterro Sobrevilla I., McDonough K.  6 11.          .: Prez Ruiz M. L., Argueta Vallamar A. Saberes ind?genas y dialogo intercultural // Cultura y representaciones sociales. 2010. Vol. 5. No. 10. P.3156; Kimmerer R. W. Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge and the Teachings of Plants. Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions, 2013; Nelson M. K., Shilling D. (eds.). Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Learning from Indigenous Practices for Environmental Sustainability. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.




37


           XVIXVIII ,        ,       .




38


            .: Lpez Pi?ero, J. M., Pardo Toms J. La influencia de Francisco Hernndez (15121587) en la constitucin de la botnica y la materia mdica modernas. Valencia: Universitat de Val?ncia, 1996;  Marroquin J., Norton M. // Translating Nature: Cross-Cultural Histories of Early Modern Science / Ed. R. Bauer, J. Marroquin Arredondo. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019; Pimentel J. Fantasmas de la ciencia Espa?ola. Madrid: Marcial Pons Historia, 2000.  .: .2.


