  
 


    ,          .            .



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  , 2026

  ,  , 2026



ISBN 978-5-0069-6986-5

     Ridero




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     .      ,      ,        . ,    ,             ,     ,     .

         ,   .  ,                  .

,        . ,      ,   ,     .      ,          .      ,        .

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     ,      ,   .          .

           .     ,       ,   .

                  ,   .

       ,  .                     .

 ,     ,        .    ,         ,              .

     ,    .        .    ,     .

   ,        .         .        ,           .

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     ,  ,   ,   ,  ,         .  ,      ,          .

,              .         ,         .        ,     .     ,           .




 


         ,         ,    .

       ,      ,       .

               .








      ,  ,        .

,     ,           . , , ,            ,     .               .        -        , ,      ?

 ,     ,            ,     .

      ?   ,            .                    .

    ,      .           .                  .

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                , , , , ,  .         .

  ,                   .      ,      ,        ,         .

     ,       ?      .

              .          ,      .

        ,          .         ,    ,     ,  - .             .

               ,      .

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       ,            .

            affordance (. ).

          , ..        .

        ,          , ,   . .                   ,   ,   ,  .          ,             .         ,       .

     ,       ,          .



      , ,           .

         .   ,       ,       .    .

           .

,            ,    ,    ,   (. 1).






. 1

The Last of Us  2013, Naughty Dog

Dishonored  2012, Arkane Studios

The Last of Us Part II  2020, Naughty Dog

Shadow of the Tomb Raider  2018, Eidos Montreal



            ,  ,  ,    . . (. 2).






. 2

The Last of Us Part II  2020, Naughty Dog

Shadow of the Tomb Raider  2018, Eidos Montreal



            . ,    Uncharted (20072017, Naughty Dog)             (. 3).






. 3

Uncharted: Drakes Fortune  2007, Naughty Dog

Uncharted 3: Drakes Deception  2011, Naughty Dog



       .     ,       .        ,         .

,  Shadow of the Tomb Raider (2018, Eidos Montreal)                (. 4.1  4.2).  ,        ,    ,              (. 4.3).






. 4

Shadow of the Tomb Raider  2018, Eidos Montreal



       ,                 .

,       Dying Light (2015, Techland)  Bulletstorm (2011, People Can Fly)      .          ,      ,      (. 5).






. 5

Dying Light  2015, Techland

Bulletstorm  2011, People Can Fly



     .           ,   .

,    Bloodborne (2015, FromSoftware)     ,       ,        (. 6.1).

   The Evil Within (2014, Tango Gameworks)         ,  ,  ,   . . (. 6.2).

   Horizon Zero Dawn (2017, Guerrilla Games)    ,                  (. 6.3).






. 6

Bloodborne  2015, FromSoftware

The Evil Within  2014, Tango Gameworks

Horizon Zero Dawn  2017, Guerrilla Games



       ,      ,       . ,  ,      ,      .   ,             (. 7, 8).






. 7

The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker HD  2013, Nintendo

Fortnite  2017, Epic Games

Rime  2017, Tequila Works






. 8

Assassins Creed Unity  2014, Ubisoft

Dishonored  2012, Arkane Studios

Call of Duty: Warzone  2020, Infinity Ward



 The Last of Us 2 (2020, Naughty Dog)          (. 9).






. 9

The Last of Us Part II  2020, Naughty Dog



        ,      (. 10).

      Uncharted: Drakes Fortune (2007, Naughty Dog),         .           (. 11).






. 10

The Last of Us Part II  2020, Naughty Dog

Uncharted 2: Among Thieves  2015, Naughty Dog






. 11

Uncharted: Drakes Fortune  2007, Naughty Dog



 ,           .    ,      ,     .

 Genshin Impact (2020, miHoYo)  Death Stranding (2019, Kojima Productions)          .       ,       (. 12).






. 12

Genshin Impact  2020, miHoYo

Death Stranding  2019, Kojima Productions



      ,           (, ,    ..).



 ,    Uncharted (20072017, Naughty Dog)  The Last of Us (20132020, Naughty Dog)            ,  -   (. 13).






. 13

The Last of Us  2013, Naughty Dog

Uncharted 4: A Thiefs End  2016, Naughty Dog

The Last of Us Part II  2020, Naughty Dog



     The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (2017, Nintendo)            (. 14.1).

  Half-Life: Alyx (2020, Valve)     -,    ,        (. 14.2).






. 14

The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild  2017, Nintendo

Half-Life: Alyx  2020, Valve



  (     )    ,    .

     ,            .    .             .

      ,     .

    ,   Dying Light (2015, Techland)  Assassins Creed Syndicate (2015, Ubisoft),           (. 15).






. 15

Dying Light  2015, Techland

Assassins Creed Syndicate  2015, Ubisoft



   CoD: Warzone (2020, Infinity Ward)       . ,   ,       .           (. 16).






. 16

Call of Duty: Warzone  2020, Infinity Ward



         ,    .

   Genshin Impact (2020, miHoYo)  The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (2017, Nintendo)      .     ,     ,     - (. 17).






. 17

Genshin Impact  2020, miHoYo

The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild  2017, Nintendo



    Metro Exodus (2019, 4A Games)     ,    ,    .    ,               (. 18).






. 18

Metro Exodus  2019, 4A Games



 Shadow of the Colossus (2018, Team Ico)            ,   .      ,     .

   -,            .   ,        ,          .         ,           (. 19.1).

       .        ,      .    ,          (. 19.2).






. 19

Shadow of the Colossus  2018, Team Ico



          .      ,  - .

,  God of War (2018, SCE Santa Monica Studio)        .        ,        ,       (. 20.1).

 Tomb Raider (2013, Crystal Dynamics)          .    ,        .  ,     ,          (. 20.2).






. 20

God of War  2018, SCE Santa Monica Studio

Tomb Raider  2013, Crystal Dynamics



               .

    Red Dead Redemption 2 (2018, Rockstar Games)         .            ,   .         ,     .             ,        (. 21).






. 21

Red Dead Redemption 2  2018, Rockstar Games



        .      ,   ,   ,    , ..            (. 22).

           .

 ,    Dishonored (20122016, Arkane Studios)        .        ,     .  ,         (. 23).






. 22

Red Dead Redemption 2  2018, Rockstar Games

The Last of Us Part II  2020, Naughty Dog






. 23

Dishonored  2012, Arkane Studios

Dishonored 2  2016, Arkane Studios



         .

   Uncharted (20072017, Naughty Dog)                       .       ,    ,     ,      (. 24).






. 24

Uncharted 4: A Thiefs End  2016, Naughty Dog

Uncharted: The Lost Legacy  2017, Naughty Dog



           .

,         Uncharted 4: A Thiefs End (2016, Naughty Dog)         .     ,               ,      (. 25.1).

     Tomb Raider (2013, Crystal Dynamics),       ,      .           ,         (. 25.2).






. 25

Uncharted 4: A Thiefs End  2016, Naughty Dog

Tomb Raider  2013, Crystal Dynamics



            .

      Nintendo       . ,  The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword (2011, Nintendo),          .          ,        (. 26).






. 26

The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword  2011, Nintendo



        .

,      Uncharted 2: Among Thieves (2015, Naughty Dog)   - ,       (. 27.1).

     Uncharted 3: Drakes Deception (2011, Naughty Dog)        (. 27.2).

 Shadow of the Colossus (2018, Team Ico)         ,     (. 27.3).






. 27

Uncharted 2: Among Thieves  2015, Naughty Dog

Uncharted 3: Drakes Deception  2011, Naughty Dog

Shadow of the Colossus  2018, Team Ico



     ,               .

,   ,  -       ,       ( , ,   ..)    (  ,  ,    ..).

,      Assassins Creed (20072020, Ubisoft)           (. 28.1).

 Dying Light (2015, Techland)                   (. 28.2).



         ,    ,      ,           .






. 28

Assassins Creed Syndicate  2015, Ubisoft

Dying Light  2015, Techland



           ,      .     ,       .

,  Horizon Zero Dawn (2017, Guerilla Games)           (. 29.1).

    Shadow of the Tomb Raider (2018, Eidos Montreal)        (. 29.2).        ,        (. 29.3).






. 29

Horizon Zero Dawn  2017, Guerrilla Games

Shadow of the Tomb Raider  2018, Eidos Montreal



     ,   .     ,         .

 ,   Red Dead Redemption 2 (2018, Rockstar Games)     ,       .     ,    (. 30.1).        ,          (. 30.2).               (. 30.3).






. 30

Red Dead Redemption 2  2018, Rockstar Games



      ,    .

 Assassins Creed Unity (2014, Ubisoft)              (. 31.1).

   The Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker HD (2013, Nintendo)     ,      ( 31.2.).

  The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword (2011, Nintendo)     ,   ,     (. 31.3).

 ,     ,     .  ,    ,               (. 32).






. 31

Assassins Creed Unity  2014, Ubisoft

The Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker HD  2013, Nintendo

The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword  2011, Nintendo






. 32

The Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker HD  2013, Nintendo

Uncharted 3: Drakes Deception  2011, Naughty Dog



      ,     .           ,     ,     .

 ,   ,            (. 33).






. 33

The Last of Us Part II  2020, Naughty Dog

Shadow of the Tomb Raider  2018, Eidos Montreal

God of War III  2010, SCE Santa Monica Studio



    ,   ,    .

  Uncharted (20072017, Naughty Dog)  The Last of Us (20132020, Naughty Dog)     ,     ,             (. 34).






. 34

Uncharted 3: Drakes Deception  2011, Naughty Dog

The Last of Us Part II  2020, Naughty Dog



              .

       Assassins Creed Syndicate (2015, Ubisoft)   .      ,      ,     (. 35.1).

   ,    ,  Call of Duty: Warzone (2020, Infinity Ward)     ,        (. 35.2).

 Uncharted 3: Drakes Deception (2011, Naughty Dog)       ,         (. 35.3).






. 35

Assassins Creed Syndicate  2015, Ubisoft

Call of Duty: Warzone  2020, Infinity Ward

Uncharted 3: Drakes Deception  2011, Naughty Dog



        - .               .

,   Nintendo        .    The Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker HD (2013, Nintendo)    ,      ,      (. 36.1).

    The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (2017, Nintendo)        ,          (. 36.2).






. 36

The Legend of Zelda: Wind Waker HD  2013, Nintendo

The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild  2017, Nintendo



     ,         .    ,    ,     .

     ,          .      ,       .

        ,      .                 (. 37).






. 37

The Last of Us Part II  2020, Naughty Dog

Uncharted 4: A Thiefs End  2016, Naughty Dog

Deus Ex: Mankind Divided  2016, Eidos Montreal



          ,    .

     Shadow of the Tomb Raider (2018, Eidos Montreal)           .             ,      ,      (. 38.1).

 Assassins Creed Syndicate (2015, Ubisoft)     ,      .    -    ,        ,          (. 38.2).






. 38

Shadow of the Tomb Raider  2018, Eidos Montreal

Assassins Creed Syndicate  2015, Ubisoft



   -,          .

       Uncharted: Drakes Fortune (2007, Naughty Dog)      .     ,    ,      .           -   (. 39.1).

      Far Cry (2004, Crytek)           ,   .      ,      ,    (. 39.2).






. 39

Uncharted: Drakes Fortune  2007, Naughty Dog

Far Cry  2004, Crytek




 


       ,          .

           signifier (. , ).

   ,     .           , ,    .

    .           .         , , , ,   . .

     ,        .  ,   ,       - ,      .   ,          .

 The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (2017, Nintendo)    ,       .  ,          .        ,   .  ,     ,        (. 40.1).

     The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (2015, CD Projekt RED),             . ,             (. 40.2),     .

   ,     .     Team Fortress 2 (2007, Valve)      .   ,            .   ,         (. 40.3).






. 40

The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild  2017, Nintendo

The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt  2015, CD Projekt RED

Team Fortress 2  2007, Valve



              .     ,   .

  Red Dead Redemption 2 (2018, Rockstar Games)        .           (. 41).

     ,  ,        .        ,       ,     ,      .

          .        ,          (. 42).






. 41

Red Dead Redemption 2  2018, Rockstar Games






. 42

Red Dead Redemption 2  2018, Rockstar Games

Call of Duty: Warzone  2020, Infinity Ward

Prey  2017, Arkane Studios



               .

  The Bank Job  Dishonored: Death of the Outsider (2017, Arkane Studios)        ,      .    ,     ,             (. 43.1).

  BioShock Infinite (2013, Irrational Games)  -    ,         ,      (. 43.2).






. 43

Dishonored: Death of the Outsider  2017, Arkane Studios

BioShock Infinite  2013, Irrational Games



    ,       .   ,          .

   Hitman (2016, IO Interactive)   ,        .          (. 44.1).

    Red Dead Redemption 2 (2018, Rockstar Games).  ,       ,  ,      (. 44.2).

     The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword (2011, Nintendo)         .     ,            (. 44.3).






. 44

Hitman  2016, IO Interactive

Red Dead Redemption 2  2018, Rockstar Games

The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword  2011, Nintendo



 Dishonored: Death of the Outsider (2017, Arkane Studios)      .  ,          ,       (. 45.1).  ,         ,   ,      (. 45.2).






. 45

Dishonored: Death of the Outsider  2017, Arkane Studios



      .              .

    Red Dead Redemption 2 (2018, Rockstar Games)  ,    .     ,      (. 46).






. 46

Red Dead Redemption 2  2018, Rockstar Games



     ,      Fallout 4 (2015, Bethesda Game Studios).       Super Duper Mart,         (. 47).






. 47

Fallout 4  2015, Bethesda Game Studios



                  .

  Firewatch (2016, Campo Santo)        ,        .         ,        (. 48).






. 48

Firewatch  2016, Campo Santo



 Half-Life: Alyx (2020, Valve)      ,     .

  Jeff,      ,        .  ,       ,    ,        .        ,     (. 49.1).

            .           ,        (. 49.2).






. 49

Half-Life: Alyx  2020, Valve



  BioShock Infinite (2013, Irrational Games)      ,         .    -          (. 50).






. 50

BioShock Infinite  2013, Irrational Games



         .

   Rime (2017, Tequila Works)             .  ,    -       .

  ,   ,      ,     -  .         (. 51).

        The Last of Us Part II (2020, Naughty Dog)        .       ,     :              (. 52).






. 51

Rime  2017, Tequila Works






. 52

The Last of Us Part II  2020, Naughty Dog



    ,  .       ,    .

       ,    .              .       ,           .

 Rise of the Tomb Raider (2015, Crystal Dynamics)        .    , -, ,    . .  ,          ( )     () (. 53).






. 53

Rise of the Tomb Raider  2015, Crystal Dynamics



        .         ,        (. 54).






. 54

Robinson: The Journey  2016, Crytek

Uncharted 4: A Thiefs End  2016, Naughty Dog

Horizon Zero Dawn  2017, Guerrilla Games



       .                .



,      God of War (2018, SCE Santa Monica Studio)   (. 55.1).  The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (2017, Nintendo)    ,    (. 55.2).     Deus Ex: Mankind Divided (2016, Eidos Montreal)    (. 55.3).






. 55

God of War  2018, SCE Santa Monica Studio

The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild  2017, Nintendo

Deus Ex: Mankind Divided  2016, Eidos Montreal



    ,  The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword (2011, Nintendo)     .        (. 56.1  56.2).       .                  (. 56.3  56.4).






. 56

The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword  2011, Nintendo



     ,  .       ,         -   ,  .

         (. 57).      ,    , , , ,  ,   . .            .






. 57

Titanfall 2  2016, Respawn Entertainment

God of War  2018, SCE Santa Monica Studio



         ,         .

     ,      (. 58.1  58.2).      ,        (. 58.3).

           Valve.   ,         (. 59.1  59.2).   ,      (. 59.3  59.4).






. 58




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