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    ,  ,      . ʠ 2023         ,  Dall-E 2  OpenAI, Firefly  Adobe  Midjourney[10 - Valyaeva A. "AI Image Statistics: How Much Content Was Created by AI." Insight (blog). Everypixel Journal. August 15, 2023. https://journal.everypixel.com/ai-image-statistics.].    Stable Diffusion  Stability AI   ,      .    Stable Diffusion   200 .       ,      , , ,    .

       [11 - Kapoor S, Narayanan A. "How to Prepare for the Deluge of Generative AI on Social Media." Kn First Amend Inst. June 16, 2023. http://knightcolumbia.org/content/how-to-prepare-for-the-deluge-of-generative-ai-on-social-media.].    , -       . -      .              ,          Balenciaga.       ,     ,       ,     ,     .

     :     Ƞ  .    ,       [12 - NVIDIA Game Developer. "NVIDIA ACE for Games Sparks Life into Virtual Characters with Generative AI." YouTube video, 2:02. May 28, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAEQdF3JAJo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAEQdF3JAJo).].         . ,             .

           2023[13 - Dalton A. "AI Is the Wild Card in Hollywoods Strikes. Heres an Explanation of Its Unsettling Role." AP News. July 21, 2023. https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-hollywood-strikes-explained-writers-actors-e872bd63ab52c3ea9f7d6e825240a202.].  ,           ,       .       .  ,             ,     .

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,  ,  Medicare  :        65.   ,        ,     [17 - Ross C, Herman B. "Denied by AI: How Medicare Advantage Plans Use Algorithms to Cut Off Care for Seniors in Need." STAT. March 13, 2023. https://www.statnews.com/2023/03/13/medicare-advantage-plans-denial-artificial-intelligence/ (https://www.statnews.com/2023/03/13/medicare-advantage-plans-denial-artificial-intelligence/).].      .   ,  85-       17.    ,             .   ,    ,   .

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        :            ,  .       ,       ,       [22 - Ryan-Mosley T. "The New Lawsuit That Shows Facial Recognition Is Officially a Civil Rights Issue." MIT Technology Review. April 14, 2021. https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/04/14/1022676/robert-williams-facial-recognition-lawsuit-aclu-detroit-police/ (https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/04/14/1022676/robert-williams-facial-recognition-lawsuit-aclu-detroit-police/).].       ,   堖 ,     [23 - "Facial Recognition Tool Led to Mistaken Arrest, Lawyer Says." AP News. January 2, 2023. https://apnews.com/article/technology-louisiana-baton-rouge-new-orleans-crime-50e1ea591aed6cf14d248096958dccc4.].      2015,         2021[24 - Hill K. "Eight Months Pregnant and Arrested after False Facial Recognition Match." The New York Times. August 6, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/06/business/facial-recognition-false-arrest.html (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/06/business/facial-recognition-false-arrest.html).]. Ƞ .

 ,    ,  . Ƞ ,      젖   ,       .       ,     [25 - Cipriano A. "Facial Recognition Now Used in over 1,800 Police Agencies: Report." The Crime Report. April 7, 2021. https://thecrimereport.org/2021/04/07/facial-recognition-now-used-in-over-1800-police-agencies-report/.].       ,  2014  2020    50:      0,08% [26 - Crumpler W. "How Accurate Are Facial Recognition Systems and Why Does It Matter?" Strategic Technologies Blog. CSIS. April 14, 2020. https://www.csis.org/blogs/strategic-technologies-blog/how-accurate-are-facial-recognition-systems-and-why-does-it.].

      :   .      , ,        .   ,     .       ,    ,    [27 - Buolamwini J, Gebru T, Raynham H, Raji D, Zuckerman E. "Gender Shades." MIT Media Lab. https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/gender-shades/overview/ (https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/gender-shades/overview/). Accessed February 15, 2024.],[28 - Buolamwini J, Gebru T. "Gender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification." In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency. PMLR; 2018. pp.7791. https://proceedings.mlr.press/v81/buolamwini18a.html (https://proceedings.mlr.press/v81/buolamwini18a.html).].  : ,     ,   .     ,   ,    .

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         .   : 2022           -  --[31 - Hill K, Kilgannon C. "Madison Square Garden Uses Facial Recognition to Ban Its Owners Enemies." The New York Times. December 22, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/22/nyregion/madison-square-garden-facial-recognition.html (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/22/nyregion/madison-square-garden-facial-recognition.html).].   $400   :      .    :        . ?       , -   , ,             ;     . Ƞ     .

  :   ,   ,  頖 .      . ,                .  ?      ,      [32 - Brewster T. "Exclusive: DHS Used Clearview AI Facial Recognition in Thousands of Child Exploitation Cold Cases." Forbes. August 7, 2023. https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2023/08/07/dhs-ai-facial-recognition-solving-child-exploitation-cold-cases/ (https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2023/08/07/dhs-ai-facial-recognition-solving-child-exploitation-cold-cases/).].       .       :           .

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notes








1


Heaven WD. "The Inside Story of How ChatGPT Was Built from the People Who Made It." MIT Technology Review. March 3, 2023. https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/03/03/1069311/inside-story-oral-history-how-chatgpt-built-openai/ (https://www.technologyreview.com/2023/03/03/1069311/inside-story-oral-history-how-chatgpt-built-openai/).




2


Ptacek TH. "Im sorry, I simply cannot be cynical about a technology that can accomplish this." X (formerly Twitter). December 1, 2022. https://twitter.com/tqbf/status/1598513757805858820?lang=en.




3


Hu K. "ChatGPT Sets Record for Fastest-Growing User Base Analyst Note." Reuters. February 2, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/technology/chatgpt-sets-record-fastest-growing-user-base-analyst-note-2023-02-01/.




4


DeGeurin M. "Why Google Isnt Rushing Forward with AI Chatbots." Gizmodo. December 14, 2022. https://gizmodo.com/lamda-google-ai-chatgpt-openai-1849892728 (https://gizmodo.com/lamda-google-ai-chatgpt-openai-1849892728).




5


Macintosh B [@bmac_astro]. "Speaking as someone who imaged an exoplanet 14 years before JWST was launched, it feels like you should find a better example?" X (formerly Twitter). February 7, 2023. https://twitter.com/bmac_astro/status/1623136549524353024.




6


Wittenstein J. "Bard AI Chatbot Just Cost Google $100 Billion." Time. February 9, 2023. https://time.com/6254226/alphabet-google-bard-100-billion-ai-error/.




7


Christian J. "CNET Sister Site Restarts AI Articles, Immediately Publishes Idiotic Error." Futurism. Updated February 1, 2023. https://futurism.com/cnet-bankrate-restarts-ai-articles (https://futurism.com/cnet-bankrate-restarts-ai-articles).




8


Cole S. "Life or Death: AI-Generated Mushroom Foraging Books Are All over Amazon." 404 Media. August 29, 2023. https://www.404media.co/ai-generated-mushroom-foraging-books-amazon/ (https://www.404media.co/ai-generated-mushroom-foraging-books-amazon/).




9


Brittain B. "OpenAI Asks Court to Trim Authors Copyright Lawsuits." Reuters. August 29, 2023. https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/openai-asks-court-trim-authors-copyright-lawsuits-2023-08-29/ (https://www.reuters.com/legal/litigation/openai-asks-court-trim-authors-copyright-lawsuits-2023-08-29/).




10


Valyaeva A. "AI Image Statistics: How Much Content Was Created by AI." Insight (blog). Everypixel Journal. August 15, 2023. https://journal.everypixel.com/ai-image-statistics.




11


Kapoor S, Narayanan A. "How to Prepare for the Deluge of Generative AI on Social Media." Kn First Amend Inst. June 16, 2023. http://knightcolumbia.org/content/how-to-prepare-for-the-deluge-of-generative-ai-on-social-media.




12


NVIDIA Game Developer. "NVIDIA ACE for Games Sparks Life into Virtual Characters with Generative AI." YouTube video, 2:02. May 28, 2023. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAEQdF3JAJo (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAEQdF3JAJo).




13


Dalton A. "AI Is the Wild Card in Hollywoods Strikes. Heres an Explanation of Its Unsettling Role." AP News. July 21, 2023. https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-hollywood-strikes-explained-writers-actors-e872bd63ab52c3ea9f7d6e825240a202.




14


Crawford K. Atlas of AI: Power, Politics, and the Planetary Costs of Artificial Intelligence. New Haven: Yale University Press; 2021.




15


Narayanan A. "Students Are Acing Their Homework by Turning in Machine-Generated Essays. Good." AI Snake Oil. October 21, 2022. https://www.aisnakeoil.com/p/students-are-acing-their-homework (https://www.normaltech.ai/p/students-are-acing-their-homework).




16


Raji ID, Kumar IE, Horowitz A, Selbst A. "The Fallacy of AI Functionality." In 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. Seoul Republic of Korea: ACM; 2022. p.95972. https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3531146.3533158 (https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3531146.3533158).




17


Ross C, Herman B. "Denied by AI: How Medicare Advantage Plans Use Algorithms to Cut Off Care for Seniors in Need." STAT. March 13, 2023. https://www.statnews.com/2023/03/13/medicare-advantage-plans-denial-artificial-intelligence/ (https://www.statnews.com/2023/03/13/medicare-advantage-plans-denial-artificial-intelligence/).




18


Varner M, Sankin A. "Suckers List: How Allstates Secret Auto Insurance Algorithm Squeezes Big Spenders." The Markup. February 25, 2020. https://themarkup.org/allstates-algorithm/2020/02/25/car-insurance-suckers-list.




19


    ,     ,    :      .  ,   ,     .




20


Robinson DG. Voices in the Code: A Story about People, Their Values, and the Algorithm They Made. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; 2022.




21


Marcus G. "Face It, Self-Driving Cars Still Havent Earned Their Stripes." Marcus on AI (blog). August 19, 2023. https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/face-it-self-driving-cars-still-havent (https://garymarcus.substack.com/p/face-it-self-driving-cars-still-havent).




22


Ryan-Mosley T. "The New Lawsuit That Shows Facial Recognition Is Officially a Civil Rights Issue." MIT Technology Review. April 14, 2021. https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/04/14/1022676/robert-williams-facial-recognition-lawsuit-aclu-detroit-police/ (https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/04/14/1022676/robert-williams-facial-recognition-lawsuit-aclu-detroit-police/).




23


"Facial Recognition Tool Led to Mistaken Arrest, Lawyer Says." AP News. January 2, 2023. https://apnews.com/article/technology-louisiana-baton-rouge-new-orleans-crime-50e1ea591aed6cf14d248096958dccc4.




24


Hill K. "Eight Months Pregnant and Arrested after False Facial Recognition Match." The New York Times. August 6, 2023. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/06/business/facial-recognition-false-arrest.html (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/08/06/business/facial-recognition-false-arrest.html).




25


Cipriano A. "Facial Recognition Now Used in over 1,800 Police Agencies: Report." The Crime Report. April 7, 2021. https://thecrimereport.org/2021/04/07/facial-recognition-now-used-in-over-1800-police-agencies-report/.




26


Crumpler W. "How Accurate Are Facial Recognition Systems and Why Does It Matter?" Strategic Technologies Blog. CSIS. April 14, 2020. https://www.csis.org/blogs/strategic-technologies-blog/how-accurate-are-facial-recognition-systems-and-why-does-it.




27


Buolamwini J, Gebru T, Raynham H, Raji D, Zuckerman E. "Gender Shades." MIT Media Lab. https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/gender-shades/overview/ (https://www.media.mit.edu/projects/gender-shades/overview/). Accessed February 15, 2024.




28


Buolamwini J, Gebru T. "Gender Shades: Intersectional Accuracy Disparities in Commercial Gender Classification." In: Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency. PMLR; 2018. pp.7791. https://proceedings.mlr.press/v81/buolamwini18a.html (https://proceedings.mlr.press/v81/buolamwini18a.html).




29


Hill K. Your Face Belongs to Us: A Secretive Startups Quest to End Privacy as We Know It. New York: Random House; 2023.




30


"Russia: Police Target Peaceful Protesters Identified Using Facial Recognition Technology." Amnesty International. April 27, 2021. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2021/04/russia-police-target-peaceful-protesters-identified-using-facial-recognition-technology/.




31


Hill K, Kilgannon C. "Madison Square Garden Uses Facial Recognition to Ban Its Owners Enemies." The New York Times. December 22, 2022. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/22/nyregion/madison-square-garden-facial-recognition.html (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/22/nyregion/madison-square-garden-facial-recognition.html).




32


Brewster T. "Exclusive: DHS Used Clearview AI Facial Recognition in Thousands of Child Exploitation Cold Cases." Forbes. August 7, 2023. https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2023/08/07/dhs-ai-facial-recognition-solving-child-exploitation-cold-cases/ (https://www.forbes.com/sites/thomasbrewster/2023/08/07/dhs-ai-facial-recognition-solving-child-exploitation-cold-cases/).




33


"Rite Aid Corporation, FTC v." Cases and Proceedings. Federal Trade Commission. 2023. https://www.ftc.gov/legal-library/browse/cases-proceedings/2023190-rite-aid-corporation-ftc-v.


