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-,        ,    40 ,         .     ,              [Kahn, 2014; McCormick et al., 2013; Macfarlane, Tomlinson, 2017].

-,       ,          (self-reported data).             , -,  ,           [Bowman 2010].    ,    ,  ,  ,      (self-reported student data),   [Conway, Lance, 2010; Zilvinskis et al., 2017].

-,               .  :    ,       .  ,         ,  ,             [Zepke, 2014; Kahn, 2017; Macfarlane, 2015].

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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/ivan-andreevich-gruz/obrazovatelnoe-povedenie-v-universitete-ot-teorii-k-p-73768863/)  .

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notes








1


 ,         .           .           .          .            . [Bloom et al., 1956],    .  [Chandler, Sweller, 1991],     .      ,   [, 2013].           ,        ,          .


