:   ,   
  


      (1902-1978),    1936 ,             .          ,            : ,   .        ,      .   ,   ,  ,    ,      .       ,          ,     .

    ,                   .          ,       .

  PDF A4   .





 

:   ,   



Harold D.Lasswell

Politics. Who Gets What, When, How



   , 2026


* * *




 ;  


    (19021978)       ,    .   ,  ,    - ()  ,    ,         .  , ,    .   .       . ,    1988     [1 - ..,      .:  .      (, 1988).],    1999    . ..[2 - ..,    ...      (, 1999).].        [3 - .., , :   ,  4.,  . .., 2- ., .  . (: , 2010). URL: https://iphras.ru/elib/1628.html ( : 27.10.2025).].                 ,     .          ,          ,     [4 - ..,   , .  . .., .. (:  , 2005); ..,     , .  . .. (:  , 2021); ..,  , .  . .., :     (19201940- ):  ,  . .. (:  , 2023).].    ,       ?  ,  .

    ,       .   ,            . , ,  Cambridge Elements,  Cambridge University Press.  Cambridge Elements   ,   ,   ,  ,    . ,   Cambridge Elements in Politics and Communication       ,      .    ,       2022 ,    Cambridge Elements in Historical Theory and Practice[5 - M.Bevir, A History of Political Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022).],     ? [6 -           .  ,   ,        ,         . .: J.G.Gunnell, The Descent of Political Theory: The Genealogy of an American Vocation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).].         .        :      2019 ,    Cambridge Elements in Public Policy[7 - W.N.Dunn, Pragmatism and the Origins of the Policy Sciences (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019).],    .

  ,     ,    ,            .   ,          ?   .           ,       -    [8 - D.Marvick, The Work of HaroldD.Lasswell: His Approach, Concerns, and Influence, Political Behavior, Vol.2, No.3(1980), p.220.].  ,   , ?     (Political Science)? ,  ,            ? , ,       ? ,            . ,         ,    ,    ,    ,       ,      ,         ,        [9 - H.D.Lasswell and M.B.Fox, The Signature of Power: Buildings, Communication, and Policy (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1979).].     - ?  ,          (Policy Sciences).     ,          [10 - W.Ascher and B.Hirschfelder-Ascher, Linking Lasswells Political Psychology and the Policy Sciences, Policy Sciences, Vol.37, No.1(2004), p.2336.].   ,      (  )     ,     .             (Political Science),  ,     (Policy Sciences).      1927 ,  ,   ,  1979   .  ,    ,          [11 - .: R.Muth, M.M.Finley, and M.F.Muth, HaroldD.Lasswell: An Annotated Bibliography (New Haven, CT: New Haven Press, 1989).].              .      ,  , ,   .

        ,   .          ,                [12 - . ., .231.].   ,  ,  ,  -  .         ,      1936 .        ,          (        ).     .              ,    .   ,        ,  ,    .       .   ,    .

        .  ,     ,  ,      . 1930-   ,  ,       ,   .   , ,         ,       ,             ,       ,   ,   .   -            ,          .     ?

-,     ,   1930- ,     ,              . ,      :   :     (, , )            .      ; , , , ,        -   . ,    ,        .    (),       .          [13 - . ., .230.].   ,  .            .     ?    .     -,        ,     .

    ?  ,       ,   .            . ,   .      :           ;       ;     ,    ,   ;      ,   ,        ,   [14 - D.Marvick, The Work of HaroldD.Lasswell: His Approach, Concerns, and Influence, Political Behavior, Vol.2, No.3(1980), p.219.].      ,     ,      .     ,        .     ,       ()    ().      .      ,        ,   .     ,   ,     .               XX .     ,    ,      , ,   .. .

   - ?  ,        ,    (  ), ,     .

           .  ,        ,        .       ,      .   :        ,       ,  ,          ,   .

    .     ,           .       ,          .      1917 ,  ,   1789 ,         .

   ,    ,          .       ,  :      ,       (   ).         , ,         .  ,        .       (    ),     .              ,  ,            .     .

,     ,    : ,  ,  .  ,            ,         .

 ,   -.  1930- .         .  ,      ,       ,         ,   .       .     ,      ,       ,    ,  .     ,    ,   [15 - S.Ramaswamy, Political Theory: Ideas and Concepts (Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited, 2014), p.74.].     ,       ,        ,           ,    .            .         [16 - J.G.Gunnell, Paradoxos Theoretikos, in: Kristen Renwick Monroe (ed.), Contemporary Empirical Political Theory, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), p.56.].

  :        ,       ,     -    .  ,       :    .            .       :        . ,      :                .               (1930)[17 - H.D.Lasswell, Psychopathology and Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1930).],      .  ,  ,        ,   ..  ,        (   ,        ;         .).

 ,        .   ,        .           ,                     ,        .    :     ,   ,  ,         (,    ),       , ,          [18 - Gunnell, Paradoxos Theoretikos, p.4849.].      ? .      , ,   .     [19 - ., :    (:   , 2024).].      1938 ,         .    ,            .            . , ,   ,             ,       .   ,        1930-    ,   ,   .                  .

  .      ,               ,   ?  .  ,   1936        ,   .      ,   . ,  1940      ( ,  1930-      :            ,      [20 - V.Pareto, The Mind and Society (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1935).])     .          1934  1940 .  1950                    :   ,          1935 [21 - H.D.Lasswell, World Politics and Personal Insecurity (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1935).]    ,       [22 - H.D.Lasswell, Democracy Through Public Opinion (Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company, 1941).].   ,              ,       ,         .        ;     [23 - D.Easton, Harold Lasswell; Policy Scientist for a Democratic Society, in The Journal of Politics, Vol.12, No.3(1950).].

            ,      :  ,   [   1940 . ..]      ,  ,           .     ,     .       ,    ,            ,  .   ,  , ,  ,    1941  ,  ,        ,    ,     <>        , -, ,   ,    ,                , -     ,    [24 - Easton, Harold Lasswell, p.475.].

,       . ,       , , ,          .      , ,  ,      ,   .  ,      ,      ,    ,          . , ,        .    ,  ,     ,     .

      ,       :   ,          ,     .   . -,           . -,                ,  ,           ,     (policy sciences),          .     ,  ,  , ,      . ,    ,          .



 , . . .,              ;       




 


    :   ,     ,    :    ,      ,        .

,  ,  ,     .    :  ,    .     .  ,   ,  ,        .        ,     (  ,         ,        ,   ).

  ,      , , , .  ,  ,     , ,   ,     ,     .        ,     ,         ,        ,    (       , conditions      ). ,         ,  ,          ,  ,   ,  .   ,    (values)      (value added),     .

  ,  ,    ,  .  ,   - , . ,  ,  .        ,     .       ,    .        ,       .      ,   ,  ,        , ,   ,        , , , .

    ,       : ,   .    ,  ,     ,             .      ,        : , ,                  (      insecurity;        ,        ,     ).   ,           (         )      (      ).

,      ,   ,           ,  ,         ,  ,   ,       .         (, ,   ),          .     ,     . ,           ,   ,     1920-  (    ,     ,  claims     ;     ,     -,        ,  ,   ).

 -   ,           ,       (    )    (      readjustment,  ,  ,     ,  ,       ,     ,    ,       ,               ).

      ,     ,   ,           ,   , ,    .           .

,   ,         ,        . ,   ,  attitude, ,     ,   ,   ,  ,     ,  ,    attitude groups (            ).  , ,      (    parochialism,       ,   ;   ,       ,    ,  - ,  ,   ).

 ,    ,    ,  ,   .       ,     ,   ,    .             ,      ,     ,  (bargainer).

      ,       ,         ,  ,   -      ,    .


* * *

      .  ,    ,   2023         .

-   (  ,   )  ,   ,    ,   ,   .  , , ,     . ,       :    ,  ,        ,        ,     -    (    , ,  ).

,   ,    .



 







 ,    ,       .          ,   ,  ,   .

         .         .      ,      , , ,          .

             . ,   ,   ,    .   ,  ,      ,     .

           ,         .         .            . ,   ,   (   )   .

         .         ,  -    ,          .        ,        ,        ,      .         .

       ,     .  ,   ,    ,     .         .         .     ,        ,       (   ).

    ,         .   ,   ,  ,      ,          ,    .          . ,      ,   ,    .

        .        ,             ..,  ,   .         ,   .

    ,   Macmillan,     ...     Β        Random House.



...

, 

 1936 




 I. 





 1. 


     ,   ,   .       ,     ,   .   ,    ,   .     .

    ,      ,   .      : , , . ,    ,  ;    .

      .    -      .   , 55 , 22  , 256  , 245 , 1578 .         ,      .                   ,   ,     .            ,   , ,  ,        .   ,     ,    480 ,        .         ,   .

    ,   ,        . ,    ,   423       31,9%   .        .      ,  ,   1921        ( )  7,2%    ;    12,1%       9%  .         .    ,   XVII ,       .  XVIII      ,  XIX   ,   XX   .

        .  1928 ,        ,      541    ,               (     1913 ).  1913 ,    ,       368    .            ,       ,        22   1913   53   1925 . ,       ,  250   1911   293   1928 .    52   1914   96   1928 ,        .    108   1914   96   1928 .

           .  19181926  10%         .

    ,      ,   .       ,       .     ,       .          .

   , ,      ,      ,   .  -  1911    - ,   1915             .          .  ,     ,          ,   .        1901 ,    ,         .  ,   ,   1888         ,  1892          .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/garold-duayt-lassuell/politika-komu-dostaetsya-chto-kogda-i-kak-73756178/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


..,      .:  .      (, 1988).




2


..,    ...      (, 1999).




3


.., , :   ,  4.,  . .., 2- ., .  . (: , 2010). URL: https://iphras.ru/elib/1628.html ( : 27.10.2025).




4


..,   , .  . .., .. (:  , 2005); ..,     , .  . .. (:  , 2021); ..,  , .  . .., :     (19201940- ):  ,  . .. (:  , 2023).




5


M.Bevir, A History of Political Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022).




6


          .  ,   ,        ,         . .: J.G.Gunnell, The Descent of Political Theory: The Genealogy of an American Vocation (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).




7


W.N.Dunn, Pragmatism and the Origins of the Policy Sciences (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019).




8


D.Marvick, The Work of HaroldD.Lasswell: His Approach, Concerns, and Influence, Political Behavior, Vol.2, No.3(1980), p.220.




9


H.D.Lasswell and M.B.Fox, The Signature of Power: Buildings, Communication, and Policy (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1979).




10


W.Ascher and B.Hirschfelder-Ascher, Linking Lasswells Political Psychology and the Policy Sciences, Policy Sciences, Vol.37, No.1(2004), p.2336.




11


.: R.Muth, M.M.Finley, and M.F.Muth, HaroldD.Lasswell: An Annotated Bibliography (New Haven, CT: New Haven Press, 1989).




12


. ., .231.




13


. ., .230.




14


D.Marvick, The Work of HaroldD.Lasswell: His Approach, Concerns, and Influence, Political Behavior, Vol.2, No.3(1980), p.219.




15


S.Ramaswamy, Political Theory: Ideas and Concepts (Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited, 2014), p.74.




16


J.G.Gunnell, Paradoxos Theoretikos, in: Kristen Renwick Monroe (ed.), Contemporary Empirical Political Theory, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997), p.56.




17


H.D.Lasswell, Psychopathology and Politics (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1930).




18


Gunnell, Paradoxos Theoretikos, p.4849.




19


., :    (:   , 2024).




20


V.Pareto, The Mind and Society (New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1935).




21


H.D.Lasswell, World Politics and Personal Insecurity (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1935).




22


H.D.Lasswell, Democracy Through Public Opinion (Menasha, Wisconsin: George Banta Publishing Company, 1941).




23


D.Easton, Harold Lasswell; Policy Scientist for a Democratic Society, in The Journal of Politics, Vol.12, No.3(1950).




24


Easton, Harold Lasswell, p.475.


