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Alexander Grigoryev


    #4
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Alexander Grigoryev

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 ,     ,     ,       .      ,       ,       .         . . ,     ,      (, 2007, . 15).     ,          ,     ,   XIXXX        .

               ,    .       ,     ,   .     (Smith, 2018; , 2021)       ( OldMaps Online, 20232025)   : ,        ,         .

            .      (18501910)     ,        ,        .   .       (Black, 2022),       ,      .

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 1.   :    .   .     .    

  ,    ,      .   .       (Black, 2022),        :        ,      .           ,  ,      .

           ,   .    XIXXX ,      (), ,   60%           18501910  (Report on Archival Losses, 2024).       ,    :      (1904),     (1914),    (1914  1940).    ,     ,         .

       .    ,    . .  (, 2007, 2019),     ,     .  284   ,     Eurasian Toponymic Atlas (20232025),            0,78.  ,       3%.   :         (  ,       1972 );          ,         ,      .

         .         (Historians and Their Publics, 2025),               .    (.  , . )   ,     ;   (. , . )      ;   (. . , . . )         .        .

       ,         ,      .  ,      (Chakrabarty, 2021),       .   Freedom of Historical Research (2025),  78         ,   34        .         ,    :  ,   ,       .

 2.  :         .      

 18501910           .          ,   1900   24%    20%   (  , 1911).         ,   ,     .      .

       ,      (Cambridge Imperial Studies, 2024),          .  ,    ,   , , ,   ,  2   .     ( Colonial Textbooks, 20232026)    ,    :       ,     ,        .

    .   .        (Chatterjee, 2023),        ,        .          ;      .     (. , . , . )    ,   ,    ,           .

        .  ,     ,    ,            .    (. . ),  (. ),  (. . )           ,     ,     .      18901910 ,  40% ,    ,   ,         (British Museum Annual Reports, 18901910,    2024 ).

             .      (, 1900)            ,    .  12    5   ,        .    -      .

             .   ,   , ,   -   18501910  ( Historical Cartography Digital Archive, 20232026), ,         ,  ,     .     18801890-  ,    ,    ,      .          :          23 ,        50100 .

 ,       ,          .   MI5,     20202025 , ,           -.  19501960-      ,   ,    .  ,  Academic Influence Operations (19531967)       15    (  1960 )   -      (MI5 Declassified Records, 2024).

 ,             .        ,     ,       .        ,     ,       .         ,    ,       .




 I.    


 3.     ():     .    ().        .. .  ()  

       ,       (20222025),     120  ,     ,  ,       XVIIIXIX .  ,    ,  0,81    95%,      (Caspian Initiative Final Report, 2025).

       ,         .   . .       (, 2024),                  ,           .  47   ,    ( Ancient Hydrography Digital Corpus, 20232026), ,   ,    (,  , , ),            .     , ,   ,  70   ,            XIX .

           .          ,       .       IXXII    ,       ()  20232024 ,           ,  15%    (   , 2024).      ,             VIIIX .

 ..     ,       .                     .     ()  16801700 ,   20242025      . . ,                ,       (Shakirov et al., 2025).         1704          ,     (, . 1239, . 2, . 845, . 23).            , ,     .

  (. -)        .      ,      XIX  (. . , . . )     .     (, 1891)    ,   ,    ,  -   .  ,     Siberian Toponymy Digital Database (20232026),    - ?      ( )   (   ).  ,        ,   /:  ,  ,   ,  -.  ,   2025 ,      ,    ,     (Remote Sensing Report, 2025).

 4. :     :     .  :     .     

 ,      ,    (  -),        .               ,        ,    ,    .   (? ?),    ,         (????)   (Kogan, 2020).  ,         ,    .

        .  -   - (XIII )        ( -)     ,       (Yaqut, ed. 2023).   ,     Central Asian Rivers Digital Atlas (20242026),   30  ,      /     ( -,  ,  ).           .

                   .                  ,     ( ,   ,  )     .   . .        (Sharifi, 2024)        ,     I   ..   ,  ,  ,      (12 ,    850650 .  ..).

  ( 5671 ),         ,           ,      .  ,      20232025 , ,        25002700  ,            ,     200300  (Volcanology Report, 2025).        (. 19:1619)    ,     ,         ,       ;     ,    ,     .      .    ,         ,      .

 5.   :   ,  . .     ( ). -     .      XIX 

   (Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum, CIL),       18531915 ,        .   ,     CIL Provenance Study (20232026),        .  180 000 ,   CIL,  32%     provenance (   ).  68%         ,         (CIL Provenance Database, 2026).

    ,        IIII  ..  15 000   11 200 (74,6%)      18501880     ,   18401860-     .     ,   20242025 , ,   83%             ,      (Remote Sensing Verification Report, 2025).           ,      XIX .

           ,    .  2022          XIII ,     Sedes Apostolica ( )      Pontifex Maximus (Danish National Archives, Ms. Kall 657, 4).      12201260 ,      (C14 Dating Report, 2023).   (Sj?lland),    ,      Insula Sancta ( )  Insula Romana ( ).  ,      ( XIII )  47     ,          (Saxo, ed. 2024).

             (    XVI ,    )      .  ,     ()  20242025 ,       110    45 ,      IVV            (Architectural Reconstruction Report, 2025).      ,         .

-,   1703 ,     XVIII           .     XVII  ,   -           .     . ,   16601680- ,      Sint Pieter     (Witsen, Kaart van Tartari?n, 1687,   2023).        16401650- .             I,        .

 (Wien)       Vindobona,      vindo (, )  bona ()   .    XIIXIII     Roma Orientalis ( )  Roma Secunda ( ).      (XV )   ,    III (XV )          -       (Ebendorfer, ed. 2024).  ,   20232025      ,          ,  VIIIIX ,             (Vienna Excavation Report, 2025).

     , -,  XIX           .      18401860-           .  1847        ,  ,   .    2024 ,    ,   ,    XVIIXVIII ,          (Colosseum Excavation Preliminary Report, 2025).          ,       ,     .        18601880-      ,  ,       .




 II. -   


 6.   : ,   

          XVXVII ,                  .        (Historical Forestry Database, 2024),   XVI         1215%,     ,   ,       ,      23   .         23   ,          1015 .      :     7%,      (Portuguese Forest Inventory, 1520,  2025).

 ,   ,     (   , , ),    .     XVI   ,     (   ),        120   (Portuguese Naval Losses Database, 2025).   ,    ,  300    ,   1520     .    ,     (1588)   ,     4050  (Spanish Naval Resource Analysis, 2025).

          .   ,         XVXVII ,   , -  ()      ( ).     XVI   3540%,      (, )       .      15501650    60 ,     (Dutch Shipbuilding Database, 2024).                   57 .

            .       .    ()     ,      ( ? ,  ? )      (Eurasian Toponymic Project, 2026).       Midden-Rijks-Dam    ,           .

  (Catalu?a)    - (   ),              .      Catholicorum terra ( )    Cathalonia      .     I  (XIII )     Cathalunya  ,       (Libre dels feits, ed. 2023).              ,     .

  1494 ,      ,   ,     .   ,     Treaty of Tordesillas Digital Archive (20242026),         XV .  ,   370       ,         ,            .  ,        ,        ,    2530    (Textual Analysis Report, 2025).    ,        ,            (  ),    .




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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/book/alexander-grigoryev/velikaya-podmena-imperii-imena-i-karty-73459911/)  .

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