Слова и выражения, которые путают на ЕГЭ по английскому
Практическое пособие для уровня B1—B2
Айви Вордс

© Айви Вордс, 2026

ISBN 978-5-0069-3478-8

Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero

Предисловие

Дорогие читатели!

Эта книга создана специально для учащихся уровня B1—B2, которые готовятся к ЕГЭ по английскому языку. Основная цель издания – помочь вам избавиться от частых лексических ошибок, научиться различать похожие слова и выражения, а также использовать язык естественно и точно в заданиях экзамена.

Особое внимание уделено лексике и выражениям, которые часто вызывают затруднения у экзаменующихся. Включены фразовые глаголы, идиомы и коллокации, а также слова с похожим значением, которые важно правильно употреблять. Каждая глава предлагает тексты и упражнения, приближённые к формату ЕГЭ, чтобы закрепить лексику на практике и научиться применять её в контексте.

Тексты и задания помогают анализировать значение слов, различать нюансы и строить естественные выражения. В конце каждой главы представлены советы по запоминанию и применению лексики, что позволяет системно закреплять материал и снижать риск типичных ошибок на экзамене.

Используя эту книгу, вы сможете значительно улучшить точность речи и письма на английском языке, уверенно использовать лексику в ЕГЭ и избежать распространённых ошибок, которые часто снижают баллы на экзамене.

Healthy Lifestyle and Everyday Choices

Vocabulary Focus

1. healthy vs fit

Healthy – здоровый в общем смысле (нет проблем со здоровьем).

Fit – в хорошей физической форме, выносливый.

She looks healthy and full of energy.

Она выглядит здоровой и полной энергии.

He goes jogging to stay fit.

Он бегает, чтобы оставаться в форме.

Ошибка: нельзя использовать fit просто в значении «не болею». Fit – про физическую форму.

2. affect vs effect

Affect (verb) – влиять на.

Effect (noun) – результат, воздействие.

Lack of sleep can affect your mood.

Недостаток сна может повлиять на ваше настроение.

Regular exercise has a positive effect on your body.

Регулярные упражнения оказывают положительный эффект на организм.

Ошибка: не говорите has a positive affect. Affect – это глагол.

3. maintain vs improve

Maintain – поддерживать на прежнем уровне.

Improve – улучшать, делать лучше.

It is important to maintain a balanced diet.

Важно поддерживать сбалансированное питание.

She is trying to improve her eating habits.

Она старается улучшить свои пищевые привычки.

Ошибка: если есть прогресс – используйте improve, а не maintain.

4. sensible vs sensitive

Sensible – разумный, практичный.

Sensitive – чувствительный (эмоционально или физически).

It is sensible to drink enough water every day.

Разумно пить достаточно воды каждый день.

He is sensitive to cold weather.

Он чувствителен к холодной погоде.

Ошибка: sensible ≠ sensitive. Это частая ловушка в заданиях ЕГЭ.

Story

Small Decisions, Big Results

When Mark started working from home, his lifestyle changed dramatically. He spent long hours sitting in front of his computer and rarely went outside. Although he was generally healthy, he did not feel fit or energetic. This situation began to affect his productivity and overall mood.

After a few months, Mark realised that his daily habits were having a negative effect on his well-being. Instead of making radical changes, he decided to take sensible steps. First, he chose to maintain a regular schedule. He started waking up at the same time every day and taking short breaks during work.

Later, he tried to improve his physical condition by walking in the evening. At first, he felt too tired to exercise, but gradually his energy level increased. He also became more sensitive to the signals his body was sending him. When he felt stressed, he took a short walk instead of continuing to work.

Within several weeks, Mark noticed a positive effect. He felt more focused and productive. He understood that staying healthy does not require extreme effort. However, it is important to maintain good habits and make sensible choices every day.

Useful Words and Expressions

lifestyle – образ жизни

dramatically – резко, значительно

productive – продуктивный

overall mood – общее настроение

well-being – благополучие

radical changes – радикальные изменения

take steps – предпринимать шаги

regular schedule – регулярный график

take a break – делать перерыв

physical condition – физическое состояние

gradually – постепенно

energy level – уровень энергии

signals – сигналы

stress – стресс

notice – замечать

focused – сосредоточенный

require – требовать

extreme effort – чрезмерные усилия

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct word.

Regular exercise has a positive (affect / effect) on your health.

She wants to (maintain / improve) her current weight.

He is very (sensible / sensitive) to criticism.

Lack of sleep can (affect / effect) your concentration.

Although she is healthy, she does not feel physically (fit / healthy).

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

maintain

improve

well-being

sensible

affect

a) to influence something

b) physical and mental health

c) to make something better

d) practical and reasonable

e) to keep something at the same level

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

Why did Mark decide to change his lifestyle?

What sensible steps did he take?

What was the effect of regular walks?

Why is it important to maintain a regular schedule?

What small change could improve your lifestyle?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

effect

maintain

sensitive

affect

fit

Exercise 2

1 – e

2 – c

3 – b

4 – d

5 – a

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Mark decided to change his lifestyle because his sedentary routine was affecting his productivity and mood. He realised that his habits had a negative effect on his well-being.

He decided to maintain a regular schedule and take short breaks during work. He also improved his physical condition by walking every evening.

Regular walks had a positive effect on his energy level and focus. He gradually became more productive and less stressed.

Maintaining a regular schedule helps organise daily activities and reduces stress. It also improves concentration and overall efficiency.

One small change that could improve my lifestyle is going to bed earlier. This would help me feel more energetic during the day.

Mini Advice

В теме здорового образа жизни в ЕГЭ часто проверяются:

affect (v) / effect (n)

healthy / fit

maintain / improve

sensible / sensitive

Учите слова в устойчивых сочетаниях:

have an effect on, affect performance, maintain a routine, improve health, be sensitive to, make a sensible decision.

Лексическая точность и правильная сочетаемость – это то, что отличает высокий балл от среднего.

Daily Routine and Time Management

Vocabulary Focus

1. spend vs waste (time)

Spend time (on / doing something) – тратить время (нейтрально или положительно).

Waste time (on / doing something) – тратить время впустую.

She spends two hours on homework every evening.

Она тратит два часа на домашнюю работу каждый вечер.

He wasted time scrolling through his phone.

Он потратил время впустую, листая телефон.

Ошибка: нельзя сказать waste time for something. Только waste time on или waste time doing.

2. on time vs in time

On time – вовремя (по расписанию).

In time – вовремя (успеть до дедлайна).

The meeting started on time.

Встреча началась вовремя (по расписанию).

She finished the report in time for the deadline.

Она закончила отчёт вовремя (успела к дедлайну).

Ошибка: не путать значения. Поезд приходит on time, а работу нужно закончить in time.

3. deadline vs schedule

Deadline – крайний срок.

Schedule – график, расписание.

The project deadline is next Friday.

Крайний срок проекта – следующая пятница.

He has a busy schedule this week.

У него плотный график на этой неделе.

Ошибка: нельзя сказать busy deadline. Busy относится к schedule.

4. manage vs cope with

Manage (time / tasks) – организовать, справиться (контролируя процесс).

Cope with (stress / pressure / problems) – справляться (в сложной ситуации).

She manages her time effectively.

Она эффективно управляет своим временем.

He finds it hard to cope with stress.

Ему трудно справляться со стрессом.

Story

A Week Without a Plan

Olga used to believe that she was simply too busy to rest. Her schedule was full of meetings, online courses and family responsibilities. However, she often felt that she wasted time and still failed to meet important deadlines. She sometimes arrived at work on time but submitted reports at the last minute, hoping to finish them in time.

One day she decided to analyse how she spent her day. She realised that she spent several hours checking emails and replying to messages that were not urgent. As a result, she had to cope with stress in the evening when the deadline was approaching.

Olga understood that she needed to manage her time more effectively. She created a clear schedule and divided tasks into priorities. She also set realistic deadlines for herself. Instead of trying to do everything at once, she focused on one task at a time.

Within a few weeks, she noticed a positive effect. She no longer wasted time on minor activities and was able to complete her tasks on time. Most importantly, she learned how to cope with pressure without feeling exhausted.

Useful Words and Expressions

responsibilities – обязанности

fail to – не суметь

submit a report – сдавать отчёт

at the last minute – в последний момент

analyse – анализировать

urgent – срочный

approach (a deadline) – приближаться

effectively – эффективно

divide into – делить на

priority – приоритет

realistic – реалистичный

focus on – сосредоточиться на

complete a task – завершить задачу

minor activities – незначительные дела

pressure – давление

exhausted – измотанный

time management – управление временем

productive – продуктивный

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct word.

She arrived (on time / in time) for the meeting.

He couldn’t finish the task (on time / in time) for the deadline.

Don’t (spend / waste) time on unimportant details.

Her (deadline / schedule) is extremely busy this week.

It is difficult to (manage / cope with) stress before exams.

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

deadline

schedule

waste time

manage

cope with

a) to deal successfully with a difficult situation

b) to organise or control something

c) a plan of activities and events

d) to use time in an ineffective way

e) the latest time something must be done

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

Why did Olga feel stressed at the end of the day?

What mistake did she make in managing her time?

How did she improve her time management skills?

Why is it important not to waste time on minor activities?

What helps you meet deadlines in time?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

on time

in time

waste

schedule

cope with

Exercise 2

1 – e

2 – c

3 – d

4 – b

5 – a

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Olga felt stressed because she often postponed important tasks and had to finish them at the last minute. As the deadline approached, she struggled to cope with pressure.

She wasted time on minor and non-urgent activities. As a result, she did not manage her schedule effectively.

She created a clear schedule and divided tasks into priorities. This helped her complete assignments on time.

Minor activities reduce productivity and prevent people from focusing on essential tasks. This can lead to missed deadlines.

Setting realistic deadlines and planning tasks in advance help me meet deadlines in time. Good time management reduces stress and improves results.

Mini Advice

В теме управления временем в ЕГЭ часто проверяются:

on time / in time

spend / waste (time)

deadline / schedule

manage / cope with

Учите устойчивые сочетания:

meet a deadline, stick to a schedule, waste time on, manage tasks, cope with pressure, submit a report on time.

Экзамен проверяет не просто знание слов, а умение правильно их сочетать. Лексическая точность напрямую влияет на балл за письменную часть.

Work—Life Balance

Vocabulary Focus

1. job vs work vs career

Job – конкретная работа, должность.

Work – работа как процесс (неисчисляемое).

Career – карьера, профессиональный путь.

She found a new job in marketing.

Она нашла новую работу (должность) в маркетинге.

He has a lot of work to do today.

У него сегодня много работы.

She is planning a career in law.

Она планирует карьеру в юриспруденции.

Ошибка: нельзя сказать a work (если речь не о произведении искусства).

2. earn vs gain

Earn (money / salary / respect) – зарабатывать (деньги, уважение).

Gain (experience / skills / knowledge) – приобретать (опыт, навыки).

He earns a competitive salary.

Он зарабатывает конкурентную зарплату.

She gained valuable experience during the internship.

Она приобрела ценный опыт во время стажировки.

Ошибка: не говорите gain money (если речь о зарплате).

3. responsible for vs in charge of

Responsible for – отвечать за результат.

In charge of – руководить, быть ответственным за организацию.

She is responsible for customer service.

Она отвечает за обслуживание клиентов.

He is in charge of the sales department.

Он руководит отделом продаж.

Ошибка: формы часто путают в письменной части.

4. achieve vs succeed (in)

Achieve (a goal / success / results) – достигать (конкретную цель).

Succeed in (doing something) – успешно справляться, преуспевать.

She achieved her professional goals.

Она достигла своих профессиональных целей.

He succeeded in finding a better position.

Ему удалось найти лучшую должность.

Story

Finding the Right Balance

For several years, Daniel focused entirely on his career. He wanted to achieve professional success as quickly as possible. He worked overtime, accepted every new project and rarely took days off. Although he earned a high salary and gained valuable experience, his personal life began to suffer.

Daniel was in charge of a large team and was responsible for important decisions. The pressure at work increased, and he found it difficult to succeed in managing both his job and his family responsibilities. He often brought work home and continued answering emails late at night.

Eventually, he realised that success at work does not automatically guarantee happiness. He had achieved many goals, but he felt exhausted and disconnected from his family. Daniel decided to change his priorities. He reduced his working hours and learned to delegate tasks.

Over time, he discovered that a balanced lifestyle helped him perform better at work. By maintaining clear boundaries between his job and personal life, he managed to achieve not only professional results but also emotional stability.

Useful Words and Expressions

focus on – сосредоточиться на

professional success – профессиональный успех

overtime – сверхурочная работа

accept a project – брать проект

take days off – брать выходные

personal life – личная жизнь

suffer – страдать

be in charge of – руководить

be responsible for – отвечать за

pressure – давление

manage responsibilities – справляться с обязанностями

bring work home – брать работу домой

eventually – в итоге

achieve a goal – достигать цели

delegate tasks – делегировать задачи

balanced lifestyle – сбалансированный образ жизни

maintain boundaries – поддерживать границы

emotional stability – эмоциональная стабильность

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct word.

She wants to build a successful (career / work).

He (earned / gained) a lot of experience abroad.

She is (responsible for / in charge of) organising the event.

He managed to (achieve / succeed) his main goal.

She (earns / gains) enough money to support her family.

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

career

earn

gain

in charge of

achieve

a) to receive money for work

b) to reach a goal

c) to obtain something useful

d) a long-term professional path

e) having control or authority over something

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

Why did Daniel focus entirely on his career?

What problems did he face because of his lifestyle?

What changes did he make to improve his work—life balance?

Why is it important to maintain boundaries between work and personal life?

What does work—life balance mean to you?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

career

gained

responsible for

achieve

earns

Exercise 2

1 – d

2 – a

3 – c

4 – e

5 – b

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Daniel focused on his career because he wanted to achieve professional success quickly. He was highly motivated and ambitious.

His personal life began to suffer because he worked overtime and rarely rested. He felt exhausted and emotionally disconnected from his family.

He reduced his working hours and delegated tasks to colleagues. He also set clearer boundaries between work and personal life.

Maintaining boundaries helps prevent burnout and reduces stress. It also improves relationships and overall well-being.

In my opinion, work—life balance means being able to achieve professional goals without sacrificing personal happiness and health.

Mini Advice

В теме работы и карьеры на ЕГЭ часто проверяются:

job / work / career

earn / gain

responsible for / in charge of

achieve / succeed in

Учите устойчивые сочетания:

build a career, earn a salary, gain experience, be responsible for results, succeed in doing something, achieve a goal, work overtime, maintain a balance.

Habits: Good and Bad

Vocabulary Focus

1. habit vs routine

Habit – привычка (часто автоматическое действие, может быть хорошей или плохой).

Routine – установленный порядок действий, регулярная последовательность.

Checking your phone every five minutes is a bad habit.

Проверять телефон каждые пять минут – плохая привычка.

She follows a strict morning routine.

Она придерживается строгого утреннего распорядка.

Ошибка: habit – это не расписание. Routine – более организованная система действий.

2. used to vs be used to

Used to + verb – раньше делал, но сейчас нет.

Be used to + noun / -ing – быть привыкшим к чему-то.

I used to go to bed late.

Раньше я ложился спать поздно.

I am used to getting up early.

Я привык рано вставать.

Ошибка: после be used to всегда существительное или форма -ing.

3. give up vs avoid

Give up – бросить (привычку, деятельность).

Avoid – избегать.

He gave up eating fast food.

Он перестал есть фастфуд.

She tries to avoid unhealthy snacks.

Она старается избегать вредных перекусов.

Ошибка: give up to do – неверно. Правильно: give up doing.

4. prevent vs protect

Prevent (something from happening) – предотвращать.

Protect (someone/something from) – защищать.

Regular exercise can prevent health problems.

Регулярные упражнения могут предотвратить проблемы со здоровьем.

Sunscreen protects your skin from damage.

Крем защищает кожу от повреждений.

Story

Breaking an Old Habit

For many years, Alex used to start his day by checking social media in bed. What seemed like a simple habit gradually became a serious problem. Instead of following a productive morning routine, he wasted time scrolling through news and messages. As a result, he often felt stressed before his day had even begun.

Eventually, Alex realised that he needed to give up this habit. At first, it was difficult because he was used to reaching for his phone immediately after waking up. However, he understood that small changes could prevent larger problems in the future.

He decided to avoid using his phone during the first hour of the day. Instead, he created a simple routine: stretching exercises, a healthy breakfast and planning his tasks. This new structure helped protect his time and energy from unnecessary distractions.

After several weeks, Alex noticed significant improvements. He felt calmer and more focused at work. Although breaking a bad habit required effort, he discovered that consistent actions can prevent stress and improve overall productivity.

Useful Words and Expressions

follow a routine – придерживаться распорядка

productive – продуктивный

waste time – тратить время впустую

as a result – в результате

eventually – в итоге

reach for – тянуться к

wake up – просыпаться

small changes – небольшие изменения

in the future – в будущем

avoid distractions – избегать отвлекающих факторов

stretching exercises – упражнения на растяжку

plan tasks – планировать задачи

significant improvements – значительные улучшения

focused – сосредоточенный

consistent actions – последовательные действия

break a habit – избавиться от привычки

require effort – требовать усилий

overall productivity – общая продуктивность

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct option.

She (used to / is used to) drink coffee late at night, but now she doesn’t.

I am (used to / used to) working under pressure.

He decided to (give up / avoid) smoking completely.

This vaccine can (protect / prevent) people from serious illness.

She follows a strict morning (habit / routine).

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

habit

routine

give up

avoid

prevent

a) to stop doing something permanently

b) to stop something from happening

c) something you do regularly, often automatically

d) to keep away from something

e) a regular organised sequence of actions

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

Why did Alex decide to change his morning habit?

Why was it difficult for him to give up using his phone?

What new routine did he create?

How did this change affect his productivity?

What bad habit would you like to give up and why?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

used to

used to

give up

protect

routine

Exercise 2

1 – c

2 – e

3 – a

4 – d

5 – b

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Alex decided to change his habit because it wasted time and caused stress at the beginning of the day. He realised that it negatively affected his productivity.

It was difficult because he was used to checking his phone immediately after waking up. The action had become automatic.

He introduced a new routine that included stretching exercises, a healthy breakfast and planning his tasks. This helped him start the day more productively.

The change had a positive effect on his focus and overall productivity. He felt calmer and more organised at work.

I would like to give up procrastination because it prevents me from completing tasks efficiently. Developing better habits would improve my performance.

Mini Advice

В теме привычек в ЕГЭ часто проверяются:

used to / be used to

give up / avoid

prevent / protect

habit / routine

Учите устойчивые конструкции:

be used to doing, give up doing, prevent something from happening, protect from damage, follow a routine, break a habit.

Sleep, Stress and Productivity

Vocabulary Focus

1. tired vs exhausting vs exhausted

Tired – уставший (нейтральное состояние).

Exhausting – изнурительный (о процессе, деятельности или ситуации).

Exhausted – полностью вымотанный (о человеке).

I feel tired after a long day at work.

Я чувствую себя уставшим после долгого рабочего дня.

Preparing for exams can be exhausting.

Подготовка к экзаменам может быть изнурительной.

She was exhausted by the end of the week.

К концу недели она была полностью вымотана.

Обратите внимание: exhausting описывает то, что вызывает усталость, а exhausted – состояние человека.

2. stress vs pressure

Stress – внутреннее психологическое напряжение.

Pressure – внешнее давление (сроки, ожидания, ответственность).

He experiences stress before important presentations.

Он испытывает стресс перед важными презентациями.

She works well under pressure.

Она хорошо работает под давлением.

Часто используются устойчивые сочетания: high levels of stress, cope with stress, work under pressure.

3. productive vs efficient

Productive – продуктивный (много полезных результатов).

Efficient – эффективный (с минимальными затратами времени и ресурсов).

She had a productive morning and completed several tasks.

У неё было продуктивное утро, и она выполнила несколько задач.

This method is more efficient than the previous one.

Этот метод более эффективный, чем предыдущий.

Productive фокусируется на результате, efficient – на способе выполнения.

4. lack of vs absence of

Lack of – нехватка, недостаток.

Absence of – полное отсутствие.

Lack of sleep affects concentration and memory.

Недостаток сна влияет на концентрацию и память.

The absence of noise made it easier to focus.

Отсутствие шума облегчило концентрацию.

В повседневных темах чаще употребляется lack of.

Story

The Cost of Sleepless Nights

For several months, Marina suffered from a lack of sleep. She stayed up late trying to complete projects and often worked under constant pressure. At first, she believed that sleeping less would make her more productive. However, the effect was the opposite.

Due to the lack of rest, Marina felt tired every morning. By the end of each week, she was completely exhausted. Even simple tasks seemed exhausting. Her stress levels increased significantly, and she found it difficult to concentrate. Although she spent many hours working, she was neither productive nor efficient.

Eventually, Marina realised that the absence of proper sleep was the main cause of her problems. She decided to change her routine and go to bed earlier. She also reduced overtime and organised her working environment more efficiently.

Within a short time, she noticed clear improvements. With enough rest, she felt calmer and more focused. Her performance improved, and she managed to complete tasks faster. Marina understood that productivity depends not only on effort but also on the quality of sleep.

Useful Words and Expressions

suffer from – страдать от

lack of sleep – недостаток сна

stay up late – засиживаться допоздна

work under pressure – работать под давлением

the opposite effect – противоположный эффект

stress levels – уровень стресса

significantly – значительно

concentrate – концентрироваться

proper sleep – полноценный сон

reduce overtime – сокращать переработки

organise efficiently – организовывать эффективно

notice improvements – замечать улучшения

focused – сосредоточенный

performance – результативность

complete tasks – завершать задачи

depend on – зависеть от

quality of sleep – качество сна

mental well-being – психическое благополучие

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct word.

She felt completely (exhausting / exhausted) after the trip.

He works well under (stress / pressure).

(Lack / Absence) of sleep can reduce concentration.

This system is more (productive / efficient).

Preparing for exams can be extremely (tired / exhausting).

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

exhausted

productive

efficient

pressure

lack of

a) external demands or expectations

b) completely tired

c) producing useful results

d) shortage of something

e) working effectively with minimal waste

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

Why did Marina experience increasing stress levels?

Why was she neither productive nor efficient?

What changes did she introduce into her routine?

Why does productivity depend on sleep quality?

How can proper rest improve daily performance?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

exhausted

pressure

Lack

efficient

exhausting

Exercise 2

1 – b

2 – c

3 – e

4 – a

5 – d

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Marina experienced increasing stress levels because she worked long hours and suffered from a lack of sleep. Constant pressure affected her concentration and emotional state.

She was neither productive nor efficient because she felt tired and exhausted. As a result, she could not focus properly and worked more slowly.

She began going to bed earlier and reduced overtime. In addition, she organised her working environment more efficiently.

Productivity depends on sleep quality because proper rest improves concentration, memory and energy levels. Without enough sleep, performance decreases significantly.

Proper rest improves daily performance by increasing focus and reducing stress. It allows people to complete tasks more efficiently.

Mini Advice

В заданиях ЕГЭ часто проверяются различия между близкими по значению словами:

tired / exhausting / exhausted

stress / pressure

productive / efficient

lack of / absence of

Запоминайте их через устойчивые сочетания:

high stress levels, work under pressure, feel exhausted, exhausting task, lack of sleep, efficient method, increase productivity.

Точность выбора слова и правильные коллокации значительно повышают качество письменной речи и общий экзаменационный балл.

Food, Diet and Eating Out

Vocabulary Focus

1. meal vs dish vs course

Meal – приём пищи (завтрак, обед, ужин).

Dish – конкретное блюдо.

Course – подача в рамках обеда (первое, второе и т.д.).

Dinner is my favourite meal of the day.

Ужин – мой любимый приём пищи.

This Italian dish is very popular.

Это итальянское блюдо очень популярно.

The main course was served after the soup.

Основное блюдо подали после супа.

Meal – это весь приём пищи, dish – конкретная еда, course – часть формального обеда.

2. diet vs nutrition

Diet – рацион питания или специальная система питания.

Nutrition – питание как процесс получения полезных веществ.

She follows a balanced diet.

Она придерживается сбалансированного рациона.

Good nutrition is essential for health.

Правильное питание важно для здоровья.

Balanced diet, healthy diet, proper nutrition – устойчивые сочетания.

3. taste vs flavour

Taste – вкус (сладкий, солёный и т.д.) или личное впечатление.

Flavour – более сложный вкусовой оттенок, аромат.

The soup tastes delicious.

Суп вкусный.

This sauce has a rich flavour.

У этого соуса насыщенный вкус.

Taste часто используется как глагол: taste good/bad/sweet.

4. book vs order

Book (a table) – бронировать столик заранее.

Order (food) – заказывать еду.

We booked a table for two.

Мы забронировали столик на двоих.

She ordered a salad and a glass of water.

Она заказала салат и стакан воды.

Устойчивые сочетания: book a table, order a meal, place an order.

Story

A Change in Eating Habits

For many years, Paul did not pay attention to his diet. He often skipped meals and chose fast food instead of home-cooked dishes. Although the taste was satisfying, the lack of proper nutrition gradually affected his energy level.

One day, after feeling unusually tired, Paul decided to change his eating habits. He began to follow a balanced diet and cook simple meals at home. Instead of ordering takeaway food every evening, he prepared fresh dishes with natural ingredients.

A few weeks later, he noticed significant improvements. His meals became more regular, and he started to enjoy the flavour of healthy food. When he went out with friends, he preferred to book a table at restaurants that offered nutritious options. He also learned to choose the main course more carefully and avoid overeating.

As a result, Paul felt more energetic and focused. He realised that good nutrition is not about strict restrictions but about making conscious choices. Eating out remained an enjoyable experience, but it no longer had a negative effect on his health.

Useful Words and Expressions

skip a meal – пропускать приём пищи

fast food – фастфуд

home-cooked dishes – домашние блюда

lack of nutrition – недостаток питательных веществ

energy level – уровень энергии

balanced diet – сбалансированный рацион

natural ingredients – натуральные ингредиенты

takeaway food – еда на вынос

notice improvements – замечать улучшения

regular meals – регулярные приёмы пищи

enjoy the flavour – наслаждаться вкусом

nutritious options – полезные варианты

main course – основное блюдо

avoid overeating – избегать переедания

as a result – в результате

conscious choices – осознанный выбор

have an effect on – оказывать влияние на

eating habits – пищевые привычки

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct word.

We had a three- (meal / course) dinner at the restaurant.

She follows a healthy (diet / nutrition).

This traditional (dish / meal) is made with rice and vegetables.

The soup has a rich (taste / flavour).

We need to (book / order) a table in advance.

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

diet

dish

book

flavour

nutrition

a) the food you regularly eat

b) to reserve in advance

c) a particular prepared food

d) the quality that gives food its specific character

e) the process of receiving and using food

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

Why did Paul decide to change his eating habits?

What changes did he introduce into his diet?

How did proper nutrition affect his energy level?

Why is it important to avoid skipping meals?

What do you usually order when you eat out?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

course

diet

dish

flavour

book

Exercise 2

1 – a

2 – c

3 – b

4 – d

5 – e

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Paul decided to change his eating habits because he often felt tired and lacked proper nutrition. He realised that his diet was affecting his energy level.

He began to follow a balanced diet and cook meals at home. He reduced takeaway food and chose healthier options when eating out.

Proper nutrition had a positive effect on his energy level. He felt more active and focused during the day.

Skipping meals can reduce energy levels and affect concentration. Regular meals help maintain stable physical and mental performance.

When I eat out, I usually order a light main course and a salad. I prefer dishes made with natural ingredients.

Mini Advice

В теме питания и ресторанов на ЕГЭ часто проверяются:

meal / dish / course

diet / nutrition

taste / flavour

book / order

Запоминайте устойчивые сочетания:

follow a balanced diet, proper nutrition, book a table in advance, order a main course, skip a meal, have a positive effect on health.

Physical Activity and Motivation

Vocabulary Focus

1. exercise vs workout vs training

Exercise – любое физическое занятие для поддержания здоровья.

Workout – конкретная тренировка, обычно интенсивная и запланированная.

Training – подготовка к достижению цели, спортивная или профессиональная.

Walking every day is good exercise.

Ежедневная прогулка – хорошее упражнение.

I had a 45-minute workout at the gym.

У меня была 45-минутная тренировка в зале.

The team is undergoing intensive training before the competition.

Команда проходит интенсивную подготовку перед соревнованием.

Exercise – общий термин, workout – отдельная сессия, training – долгосрочный процесс подготовки.

2. motivation vs goal

Motivation – внутреннее желание что-то делать, стимул.

Goal – конкретная цель, которую хотят достичь.

Her motivation to exercise comes from wanting to feel healthier.

Её мотивация заниматься спортом – желание быть здоровее.

His goal is to run a marathon this year.

Его цель – пробежать марафон в этом году.

Motivation помогает достичь goal; они тесно связаны.

3. maintain vs improve

Maintain – поддерживать уровень (физической формы, привычки, здоровья).

Improve – улучшать, повышать уровень.

He tries to maintain his fitness by jogging regularly.

Он старается поддерживать форму, регулярно бегая.

Regular practice can improve your strength and endurance.

Регулярные занятия могут улучшить силу и выносливость.

Часто встречаются устойчивые сочетания: maintain health, maintain fitness, improve performance, improve skills.

4. challenge vs effort

Challenge – трудная задача или испытание.

Effort – приложенные усилия для достижения цели.

Climbing a mountain is a real challenge.

Восхождение на гору – настоящее испытание.

She put a lot of effort into her training.

Она приложила много усилий в тренировках.

Motivation часто появляется, когда есть challenge, а effort помогает преодолеть его.

Story

Finding Motivation Through Movement

Emma had always led a mostly sedentary lifestyle. She knew that regular physical activity could improve her health, but she lacked motivation. Simple exercises felt boring, and she often skipped workouts. Her main goal was to feel more energetic and stronger, but she struggled to maintain a consistent routine.

One day, she joined a local running club. The challenge of running with others motivated her to continue exercising. She started small, completing short workouts and gradually increasing intensity. Emma noticed that regular physical activity improved both her physical fitness and mood.

Over time, she learned how to maintain her motivation. Setting clear goals, tracking progress, and celebrating small achievements made her workouts more enjoyable. She realised that effort was necessary, but the benefits were worth it. Emma now looks forward to every session, knowing that consistency and dedication lead to tangible improvements in her health and strength.

Useful Words and Expressions

sedentary lifestyle – малоподвижный образ жизни

physical activity – физическая активность

regular exercise – регулярные упражнения

lack motivation – испытывать недостаток мотивации

workout – тренировка

goal – цель

maintain a routine – поддерживать режим

improve health – улучшать здоровье

increase intensity – увеличивать нагрузку

track progress – отслеживать прогресс

celebrate achievements – отмечать достижения

put effort into – прикладывать усилия

challenge – испытание, трудная задача

benefits – польза, преимущества

physical fitness – физическая форма

mood – настроение

consistency – последовательность

dedication – преданность делу

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct word.

Running a marathon is a real (challenge / effort).

She wants to (maintain / improve) her fitness by jogging regularly.

Many people lack (goal / motivation) to exercise.

I had a short (workout / training) at the gym this morning.

Regular (exercise / training) is essential for health.

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

motivation

goal

effort

workout

maintain

a) a specific aim or target

b) to keep something at the same level

c) physical activity session

d) internal drive to act

e) energy applied to achieve something

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

Why did Emma struggle to exercise at first?

How did joining the running club help her?

What strategies helped her maintain motivation?

How does regular physical activity benefit both body and mind?

What motivates you to stay active?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

challenge

maintain

motivation

workout

exercise

Exercise 2

1 – d

2 – a

3 – e

4 – c

5 – b

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Emma struggled because she had a sedentary lifestyle and lacked motivation. Simple exercises seemed boring, and she often skipped them.

Joining the running club provided a challenge and social support, which motivated her to continue exercising.

She set clear goals, tracked progress, and celebrated small achievements, which helped her maintain motivation.

Regular physical activity improves physical fitness, increases energy, and enhances mood. It also contributes to overall health.

I stay active because I want to improve my health and feel more energetic. Setting small goals helps me keep consistent.

Mini Advice

В теме физической активности и мотивации на ЕГЭ важно различать:

exercise / workout / training

motivation / goal

maintain / improve

challenge / effort

Запоминайте устойчивые сочетания:

maintain fitness, improve health, set goals, track progress, put effort into, face a challenge.

Регулярное использование этих слов и коллокаций делает текст более естественным и повышает балл за письменную часть.

Personal Goals and Self-Improvement

Vocabulary Focus

1. goal vs ambition vs objective

Goal – конкретная цель, которую человек хочет достичь.

Ambition – стремление к успеху, долгосрочная устремлённость.

Objective – формальная цель или результат, которого нужно достичь.

My main goal is to finish the project by Friday.

Моя главная цель – закончить проект к пятнице.

Her ambition is to become a successful entrepreneur.

Её стремление – стать успешным предпринимателем.

The company set clear objectives for the next quarter.

Компания поставила чёткие задачи на следующий квартал.

Goal – конкретная личная цель, ambition – общее стремление, objective – часто формально поставленная цель.

2. develop vs improve

Develop – развивать что-то с нуля или постепенно формировать навыки/качества.

Improve – улучшать уже существующие умения или состояния.

He is trying to develop his leadership skills.

Он пытается развивать лидерские навыки.

Regular practice can improve your writing.

Регулярная практика может улучшить ваше письмо.

Обычно develop используется для роста способностей, improve – для повышения качества.

3. achieve vs accomplish

Achieve – достичь чего-то, часто сложного или значимого.

Accomplish – выполнить задачу, завершить работу успешно.

She achieved her goal of running a marathon.

Она достигла цели – пробежать марафон.

He accomplished all the tasks on his to-do list.

Он успешно выполнил все задания из своего списка дел.

Achieve чаще связано с результатом, accomplish – с самим выполнением работы.

4. self-discipline vs motivation

Self-discipline – способность контролировать себя и свои действия.

Motivation – внутренний стимул что-то делать.

Success requires self-discipline and persistence.

Успех требует самодисциплины и настойчивости.

Her motivation comes from wanting to improve every day.

Её мотивация исходит из желания совершенствоваться каждый день.

Self-discipline помогает поддерживать регулярные действия, даже когда motivation временно слабая.

Story

Emily’s Journey to Self-Improvement

Emily had always wanted to improve herself, but she often felt lost without clear goals. Her ambition was to become more organised and productive. She realised that achieving this would require both self-discipline and motivation.

She started by setting small, manageable goals. For example, she planned to wake up earlier, complete her daily tasks on time, and spend 30 minutes learning a new skill. Each accomplishment motivated her to continue. Emily also tracked her progress, which helped her develop better habits gradually.

Over several months, Emily noticed significant improvements. She became more confident and efficient in managing her time. Her self-discipline allowed her to stay consistent, even on challenging days. She learned that self-improvement is a step-by-step process: achieving small objectives leads to long-term success.

By focusing on her goals and taking deliberate actions, Emily transformed her routine and mindset. She realised that ambition alone is not enough; persistence, discipline, and careful planning make personal growth achievable.

Useful Words and Expressions

personal goals – личные цели

self-improvement – самосовершенствование

ambition – стремление

objective – формальная цель

develop skills – развивать навыки

improve performance – улучшать результат

achieve a goal – достигать цели

accomplish tasks – успешно выполнять задачи

self-discipline – самодисциплина

motivation – мотивация

manageable goals – достижимые цели

track progress – отслеживать прогресс

gradually – постепенно

consistent – последовательный

step-by-step process – пошаговый процесс

long-term success – долгосрочный успех

deliberate actions – обдуманные действия

transform mindset – изменить мышление

confident – уверенный

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct word.

Her main (goal / ambition) is to improve her communication skills.

Small steps help to (develop / improve) new habits.

He finally (achieved / accomplished) his target of reading ten books in a month.

Success requires (self-discipline / motivation), especially on difficult days.

Setting clear (objective / ambition) helps to focus on priorities.

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

ambition

goal

self-discipline

accomplish

develop

a) to grow or enhance skills or qualities

b) the ability to control your actions and stay consistent

c) desire to succeed or achieve something

d) to successfully complete a task

e) a personal aim or target

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

Why did Emily feel lost at first?

How did she start her journey of self-improvement?

What role did self-discipline play in her progress?

How can achieving small goals lead to long-term success?

Which personal goal would you like to focus on and why?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

goal

develop

achieved

self-discipline

objective

Exercise 2

1 – c

2 – e

3 – b

4 – d

5 – a

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Emily felt lost because she had no clear goals and did not know where to start with self-improvement.

She started by setting small, manageable goals and tracking her progress, which helped her gradually develop better habits.

Self-discipline allowed her to stay consistent and follow her plan even on challenging days, ensuring continuous improvement.

Achieving small goals provides a sense of accomplishment and motivation, which builds momentum for larger, long-term objectives.

I would like to focus on improving my time management skills because it will help me be more productive and reduce stress.

Mini Advice

В теме личных целей и самосовершенствования на ЕГЭ важно различать:

goal / ambition / objective

develop / improve

achieve / accomplish

self-discipline / motivation

Запоминайте устойчивые выражения:

set goals, achieve objectives, develop skills, improve performance, track progress, put effort into, step-by-step process.

Learning New Skills

Vocabulary Focus

1. skill vs ability vs talent

Skill – умение, которое можно развивать через практику.

Ability – природная или приобретённая способность выполнять что-то.

Talent – природный дар или склонность к чему-то.

She has excellent writing skills.

У неё отличные навыки письма.

He has the ability to solve complex problems.

У него есть способность решать сложные задачи.

Mozart had a remarkable musical talent.

У Моцарта был выдающийся музыкальный талант.

Skill – развиваемая компетенция, ability – более общее понятие, talent – природная склонность.

2. learn vs practise vs master

Learn – изучать, осваивать новый навык или знание.

Practise – тренировать или повторять навык для улучшения.

Master – достичь высокого уровня владения навыком.

She is learning to play the guitar.

Она учится играть на гитаре.

You need to practise every day to improve.

Нужно тренироваться каждый день, чтобы улучшиться.

He mastered the art of public speaking after years of experience.

Он овладел искусством публичных выступлений после многих лет опыта.

Learn – процесс освоения, practise – регулярная тренировка, master – высокий уровень владения.

3. challenging vs rewarding

Challenging – сложный, требующий усилий.

Rewarding – приносящий удовлетворение и пользу.

Learning a new language is challenging but exciting.

Изучение нового языка сложно, но увлекательно.

Teaching others can be very rewarding.

Обучение других может приносить большое удовлетворение.

Обычно challenging используется для трудных задач, rewarding – для полезного и приятного опыта.

4. adapt vs overcome

Adapt – приспосабливаться к новым условиям.

Overcome – преодолевать трудности или преграды.

Students need to adapt to different teaching styles.

Студенты должны приспосабливаться к разным стилям преподавания.

She overcame her fear of speaking in public.

Она преодолела страх публичных выступлений.

Adapt – изменение подхода к ситуации, overcome – победа над препятствиями.

Story

Tom’s Journey to Learning Photography

Tom had always admired photography, but he had no experience. He decided to learn this new skill in his free time. At first, it was challenging. Understanding camera settings and composing shots seemed complicated.

To improve, Tom practised every day. He experimented with different techniques, read articles, and watched tutorials. Gradually, he mastered basic photography skills. The more he practised, the more rewarding the experience became. Each successful photo motivated him to continue learning.

Along the way, Tom had to adapt to new situations. Shooting in low light or capturing fast-moving subjects required him to overcome obstacles. Despite difficulties, he stayed consistent and patient.

After several months, Tom noticed clear improvements. He could take professional-looking photos, and his friends admired his work. He realised that learning a new skill requires patience, practise, and perseverance. The journey itself can be as rewarding as the results.

Useful Words and Expressions

learn a new skill – изучать новый навык

practise regularly – практиковаться регулярно

master a skill – овладеть навыком

challenging task – сложная задача

rewarding experience – полезный и приятный опыт

adapt to – приспосабливаться к

overcome difficulties – преодолевать трудности

camera settings – настройки камеры

compose shots – композиция снимков

free time – свободное время

improve gradually – улучшать постепенно

consistent – последовательный

patient – терпеливый

perseverance – настойчивость

admire – восхищаться

experiment with – экспериментировать с

techniques – методы, приёмы

motivation – мотивация

successful result – успешный результат

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct word.

She has a natural (skill / talent) for painting.

To get better, you need to (learn / practise) every day.

Climbing a mountain is (challenging / rewarding) but satisfying.

He finally (mastered / adapted) the piano after months of practice.

Students must (adapt / overcome) to new teaching methods.

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

skill

talent

practise

adapt

rewarding

a) useful and satisfying

b) a natural gift or ability

c) train regularly to improve

d) ability developed through learning

e) adjust to new conditions

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

Why did Tom find photography challenging at first?

How did daily practise help him improve?

What obstacles did he have to overcome?

Why is patience important when learning new skills?

Which new skill would you like to learn and why?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

talent

practise

challenging

mastered

adapt

Exercise 2

1 – d

2 – b

3 – c

4 – e

5 – a

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Tom found photography challenging because he was unfamiliar with camera settings and composition techniques.

Daily practise allowed him to experiment, learn gradually, and gradually master basic photography skills.

He had to overcome difficulties such as shooting in low light and capturing fast-moving subjects.

Patience is important because mastering a new skill takes time and consistent effort.

I would like to learn cooking because it is a useful skill and allows me to create healthy meals.

Mini Advice

В теме изучения новых навыков на ЕГЭ важно различать:

skill / ability / talent

learn / practise / master

challenging / rewarding

adapt / overcome

Запоминайте устойчивые выражения:

learn a new skill, practise regularly, master a skill, adapt to changes, overcome difficulties, rewarding experience, challenging task.

Success and Failure

Vocabulary Focus

1. succeed vs achieve vs accomplish

Succeed – достичь успеха, преуспеть в деле.

Achieve – достигать конкретной цели или результата.

Accomplish – успешно выполнить задачу или проект.

She succeeded in finishing the project on time.

Ей удалось закончить проект вовремя.

He achieved his goal of learning a new language.

Он достиг цели – выучить новый язык.

They accomplished all the tasks before the deadline.

Они успешно выполнили все задания до срока.

Succeed – общий результат, achieve – цель, accomplish – выполнение конкретной задачи.

2. failure vs setback vs mistake

Failure – полный провал, неудача.

Setback – временное препятствие или задержка.

Mistake – ошибка, неправильное действие.

The project was a failure due to poor planning.

Проект оказался неудачным из-за плохого планирования.

A minor setback delayed the launch of the product.

Небольшая неудача задержала запуск продукта.

He realised his mistake and corrected it.

Он понял свою ошибку и исправил её.

Failure – крупная неудача, setback – временная трудность, mistake – конкретное неправильное действие.

3. persistent vs determined

Persistent – настойчивый, продолжающий усилия несмотря на трудности.

Determined – решительный, уверенный в достижении цели.

Success requires being persistent even when things go wrong.

Для успеха нужно быть настойчивым, даже когда что-то идёт не так.

She was determined to finish the marathon.

Она была полна решимости закончить марафон.

Persistence помогает преодолевать трудности, determination поддерживает целеустремлённость.

4. reward vs consequence

Reward – положительный результат, награда за усилия.

Consequence – результат или следствие действия, положительное или отрицательное.

Hard work often brings great rewards.

Усердная работа часто приносит большие награды.

Every action has a consequence.

Каждое действие имеет последствия.

Reward чаще используется при успехе, consequence – нейтрально, может быть негативным или позитивным.

Story

Learning from Success and Failure

Daniel had always dreamed of starting his own business. At first, he faced several failures. Some projects failed completely, and minor setbacks often delayed his plans. Despite these difficulties, he remained persistent and determined.

Every mistake taught him valuable lessons. He analysed what went wrong, adapted his approach, and continued working towards his goals. Over time, his efforts began to pay off. He achieved his first major success when his product finally attracted many customers.

Daniel realised that success and failure are closely connected. Each failure offered a chance to learn and improve. Rewards came not only in the form of financial gain but also in the satisfaction of reaching his objectives. By being persistent, learning from mistakes, and staying determined, he transformed challenges into opportunities for growth.

Through this experience, Daniel understood that personal growth depends on resilience and consistent effort. Failure is not the end but a step towards achievement, and success feels most rewarding when it follows hard work and perseverance.

Useful Words and Expressions

succeed in – преуспеть в

achieve a goal – достигать цели

accomplish tasks – успешно выполнять задачи

failure – неудача

setback – временная трудность

mistake – ошибка

persistent – настойчивый

determined – решительный

reward – награда

consequence – последствие

learn from mistakes – учиться на ошибках

adapt approach – менять подход

pay off – окупаться, приносить результаты

minor setback – небольшая неудача

personal growth – личностный рост

resilience – устойчивость к трудностям

consistent effort – последовательные усилия

turn challenges into opportunities – превращать трудности в возможности

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct word.

She finally (succeeded / achieved) in passing the exam.

A small (failure / setback) delayed the project by a week.

He is very (persistent / determined) and never gives up.

Hard work often brings great (consequences / rewards).

Every (mistake / failure) is a chance to learn.

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

failure

reward

persistent

consequence

accomplish

a) a result or effect of an action

b) positive outcome or benefit

c) completely fail at something

d) continue efforts despite difficulties

e) successfully complete a task

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

How did Daniel react to failures at the beginning of his business journey?

Why are mistakes valuable for personal growth?

How did persistence and determination help Daniel succeed?

What is the relationship between success and failure according to the story?

Can you give an example of a personal failure that taught you something?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

succeeded

setback

persistent

rewards

mistake

Exercise 2

1 – c

2 – b

3 – d

4 – a

5 – e

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Daniel faced failures and setbacks but stayed persistent and determined to continue working towards his goals.

Mistakes are valuable because they teach lessons, allowing people to adapt and improve for future attempts.

His persistence and determination helped him overcome obstacles, learn from mistakes, and eventually achieve success.

Success and failure are connected: failures provide opportunities to learn, and success is more rewarding after overcoming difficulties.

For example, I failed a test once, but reviewing my mistakes helped me understand the material better and do well next time.

Mini Advice

В теме успеха и неудач на ЕГЭ важно различать:

succeed / achieve / accomplish

failure / setback / mistake

persistent / determined

reward / consequence

Используйте устойчивые выражения:

succeed in something, achieve a goal, accomplish tasks, learn from mistakes, adapt approach, pay off, turn challenges into opportunities.

School and Exams

Vocabulary Focus

1. exam vs test vs assessment

Exam – формальная проверка знаний, часто в конце учебного периода.

Test – более короткая проверка, может быть регулярной или контрольной.

Assessment – общий термин для любой формы оценки знаний или навыков.

I have a math exam next week.

У меня на следующей неделе экзамен по математике.

The teacher gave us a short test on last week’s topic.

Учитель провёл небольшой тест по теме прошлой недели.

Continuous assessment helps track students’ progress.

Непрерывная оценка помогает отслеживать успехи студентов.

Exam – крупная проверка, test – небольшая, assessment – общий термин для всех форм.

2. study vs revise vs prepare

Study – учить материал, осваивать новые знания.

Revise – повторять изученное для закрепления перед экзаменом.

Prepare – готовиться, планировать учебу или задания.

She studies English every day.

Она учит английский каждый день.

I need to revise my notes before the test.

Мне нужно повторить конспекты перед тестом.

He prepared for the exam by making a study schedule.

Он подготовился к экзамену, составив план занятий.

Study – изучение нового материала, revise – повторение, prepare – организация и подготовка.

3. pass vs fail vs succeed

Pass – сдать экзамен успешно.

Fail – не справиться с экзаменом.

Succeed – достичь цели, проявить успех, чаще общий результат.

She passed the chemistry exam with high marks.

Она сдала экзамен по химии на высокие оценки.

He failed the history test but learned from his mistakes.

Он провалил тест по истории, но извлёк уроки.

Students can succeed if they plan their studies carefully.

Студенты могут преуспеть, если тщательно планируют обучение.

4. stress vs pressure vs challenge

Stress – психологическое напряжение, часто перед экзаменами.

Pressure – внешнее влияние или ожидания со стороны учителей, родителей, общества.

Challenge – трудная задача, требующая усилий.

Many students feel stressed before exams.

Многие студенты испытывают стресс перед экзаменами.

The teacher put pressure on the class to finish assignments on time.

Учитель оказывал давление на класс, чтобы вовремя сдать задания.

Preparing for a final exam can be a real challenge.

Подготовка к выпускному экзамену может быть настоящим вызовом.

Story

Preparing for the Final Exams

Lena was nervous about her final exams. She had studied all year but felt stressed as the dates approached. The pressure from teachers and her own expectations made her anxious. To manage her stress, she created a detailed study schedule and revised her notes daily.

She also joined a study group with classmates. Discussing difficult topics helped her understand the material better. Lena realised that preparing early and practising past papers made the challenge of exams more manageable.

On exam day, she felt confident because she had prepared thoroughly. She passed all her subjects successfully and learned an important lesson: organisation, consistent study, and support from friends can turn a stressful experience into a rewarding one. Lena also discovered that mistakes made during practice were valuable, as they helped her improve and avoid them in the actual exams.

After the exams, Lena reflected on her experience and felt proud of her achievements. She understood that success is not only about results but also about persistence, preparation, and learning from challenges.

Useful Words and Expressions

final exams – выпускные экзамены

study schedule – план занятий

revise notes – повторять конспекты

study group – группа для совместного обучения

pass an exam – сдать экзамен

fail a test – провалить тест

succeed in studies – преуспеть в учебе

stress – стресс

pressure – давление

challenge – трудная задача

prepare thoroughly – тщательно готовиться

past papers – экзаменационные задания прошлых лет

consistent study – последовательное обучение

support from friends – поддержка друзей

make mistakes – совершать ошибки

learn from mistakes – учиться на ошибках

organisation – организация

rewarding experience – полезный и приятный опыт

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct word.

She needs to (revise / prepare) her notes before the final exam.

Many students feel (pressure / succeed) during exam week.

He (passed / failed) the math test last Friday.

Discussing topics with classmates helps (study / revise) difficult material.

Planning ahead can make exams less of a (challenge / stress).

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

exam

study

stress

pass

challenge

a) to learn or review material

b) formal test of knowledge

c) successfully complete a test

d) difficult task requiring effort

e) mental or emotional tension

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

How did Lena manage her stress before exams?

Why was joining a study group helpful?

How did practice mistakes help her during the actual exams?

What strategies can help students succeed in school?

How do pressure and challenge differ according to the story?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

revise

pressure

passed

study

challenge

Exercise 2

1 – b

2 – a

3 – e

4 – c

5 – d

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Lena managed her stress by creating a study schedule and revising her notes daily.

The study group helped her understand difficult topics better and clarified doubts.

Mistakes made during practice were valuable because they helped her avoid errors in the real exams.

Students can succeed by preparing thoroughly, studying consistently, and seeking support from friends or teachers.

Pressure is external or internal expectation, while challenge is the difficulty of the task itself.

Mini Advice

В теме школы и экзаменов на ЕГЭ важно различать:

exam / test / assessment

study / revise / prepare

pass / fail / succeed

stress / pressure / challenge

Используйте устойчивые выражения:

study schedule, revise notes, study group, prepare thoroughly, past papers, learn from mistakes, rewarding experience.

University Life

Vocabulary Focus

1. take vs pass vs fail exams

Take an exam – сдавать экзамен (процесс участия).

Pass an exam – успешно сдать экзамен, получить положительный результат.

Fail an exam – не сдать экзамен, получить отрицательный результат.

I have to take three exams this semester.

Мне нужно сдать три экзамена в этом семестре.

She passed all her exams with good grades.

Она сдала все экзамены на хорошие оценки.

He failed the history exam, so he will have to retake it.

Он провалил экзамен по истории, поэтому придётся пересдавать.

Take – участие в экзамене, pass/fail – результат экзамена.

2. lecture vs seminar vs tutorial

Lecture – лекция, преподаватель рассказывает материал для большой группы.

Seminar – семинар, обсуждение темы в небольшой группе.

Tutorial – консультация или практическое занятие с индивидуальной поддержкой.

I attend lectures twice a week.

Я посещаю лекции два раза в неделю.

The seminar allowed students to discuss the topic in detail.

На семинаре студенты смогли подробно обсудить тему.

During the tutorial, the tutor helped me solve difficult exercises.

На консультации преподаватель помог мне решить сложные задания.

3. assignment vs project vs coursework

Assignment – задание, которое нужно выполнить в течение курса.

Project – более крупная работа, часто с исследовательским элементом.

Coursework – совокупность заданий и проектов, выполняемых в течение курса.

The teacher gave us an assignment to write a short essay.

Учитель дал нам задание написать короткое эссе.

Our group is working on a science project.

Наша группа работает над научным проектом.

Coursework includes essays, presentations, and lab reports.

Учебные работы включают эссе, презентации и лабораторные отчёты.

4. dormitory vs campus vs student life

Dormitory – студенческое общежитие.

Campus – территория университета с зданиями и инфраструктурой.

Student life – повседневная жизнь и опыт студента.

Many first-year students live in the dormitory.

Многие первокурсники живут в общежитии.

The campus has a library, sports facilities, and cafés.

На кампусе есть библиотека, спортивные объекты и кафе.

University offers many opportunities to enjoy student life.

Университет предоставляет много возможностей для насыщенной студенческой жизни.

Story

Adapting to University Life

When Anna started university, she was excited but nervous. She had to take several exams in her first semester. Some were easy, but a few were challenging. She passed most of her exams, but unfortunately, she failed one. The experience taught her the importance of preparation and time management.

Anna attended lectures regularly, participated in seminars, and often visited tutorials for extra support. She also completed assignments and worked on a major project for her coursework. Managing deadlines was sometimes stressful, but she learned to plan her work carefully.

Living in a dormitory helped her meet new people and experience student life fully. She joined clubs, attended campus events, and made friends from different backgrounds. Over time, Anna realised that success at university is not only about passing exams but also about adapting, participating, and learning from mistakes. Taking exams, completing coursework, and engaging in student life were all parts of a rewarding journey.

Useful Words and Expressions

take an exam – сдавать экзамен

pass an exam – успешно сдать экзамен

fail an exam – провалить экзамен

lecture – лекция

seminar – семинар

tutorial – консультация

assignment – задание

project – проект

coursework – учебная работа

dormitory – общежитие

campus – кампус

student life – студенческая жизнь

time management – управление временем

deadlines – сроки сдачи

participate in – участвовать

adapt to – приспосабливаться к

make friends – заводить друзей

rewarding journey – полезный и интересный опыт

prepare carefully – готовиться тщательно

Exercises

Exercise 1. Choose the correct word.

I have to (take / pass) an exam next Monday.

She (passed / failed) the biology test and is very happy.

Many students live in a (dormitory / campus) during their first year.

The professor gave an interesting (lecture / assignment) on modern literature.

He completed his coursework, including essays and a group (project / seminar).

Exercise 2. Match the words with their definitions.

tutorial

seminar

coursework

take an exam

student life

a) everyday experience of being a university student

b) small group discussion or practical session

c) attending an exam

d) series of tasks completed during a course

e) individual consultation or support session

Exercise 3. Answer the questions (2—3 sentences each).

What is the difference between taking an exam and passing an exam?

How do lectures, seminars, and tutorials differ?

Why is coursework important in university studies?

How can living in a dormitory enhance student life?

Which part of university life do you think is most challenging and why?

Answer Key

Exercise 1

take

passed

dormitory

lecture

project

Exercise 2

1 – e

2 – b

3 – d

4 – c

5 – a

Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)

Taking an exam means participating in it, while passing an exam means achieving a successful result.

Lectures are large presentations by a professor, seminars are small group discussions, and tutorials provide individual support or guidance.

Coursework is important because it allows students to practice skills, complete assignments, and prepare for exams throughout the course.

Living in a dormitory helps students meet new people, participate in campus activities, and develop independence.

The most challenging part may be managing time and deadlines because university students have multiple exams, assignments, and projects simultaneously.

Mini Advice

В теме университета на ЕГЭ важно различать:

take / pass / fail exams

lecture / seminar / tutorial

assignment / project / coursework

dormitory / campus / student life

Запоминайте выражения:

take an exam, pass an exam, fail an exam, complete coursework, attend lectures, participate in seminars, adapt to student life.

Online Learning

Vocabulary Focus

1. enroll vs attend vs complete a course

Enroll – зарегистрироваться или записаться на курс.

Attend – посещать занятия или участвовать в уроках.

Complete a course – успешно завершить курс, получить сертификат или результат.

I decided to enroll in an online English course.

Я решил записаться на онлайн-курс английского.

She attends live webinars every week.

Она посещает онлайн-вебинары каждую неделю.

After six months, he completed the course and received a certificate.

Через шесть месяцев он завершил курс и получил сертификат.

2. flexible vs self-paced vs interactive

Flexible – гибкий, позволяющий выбирать время и темп обучения.

Self-paced – самостоятельный, когда студент учится в своём темпе.

Interactive – интерактивный, предполагающий участие и взаимодействие.

Online courses offer flexible schedules for busy students.

Онлайн-курсы предлагают гибкое расписание для занятых студентов.

Self-paced courses allow learners to study at their own speed.

Курсы с самостоятельным темпом позволяют учиться в своём ритме.

The course includes interactive quizzes and group activities.

Курс включает интерактивные тесты и групповые задания.

3. access vs download vs stream

Access – иметь возможность получить материалы или платформу.

Download – скачивать файлы для использования офлайн.

Stream – смотреть видео или лекции онлайн без скачивания.

Students can access course materials from anywhere.

Студенты могут получить доступ к материалам курса из любого места.

I downloaded the lecture slides to review later.

Я скачал презентацию лекции, чтобы повторить позже.

The webinar was streamed live on the platform.

Вебинар транслировался в прямом эфире на платформе.

4. motivate vs engage vs participate

Motivate – побуждать себя к учебе или действию.

Engage – активно участвовать или быть вовлечённым в процесс.

Participate – принимать участие в занятиях, обсуждениях или заданиях.

Teachers try to motivate students by using interesting content.

Преподаватели стараются мотивировать студентов с помощью интересного материала.

Interactive lessons engage learners more effectively.

Интерактивные уроки лучше вовлекают учащихся.

All students are encouraged to participate in discussions.

Всем студентам рекомендуется участвовать в обсуждениях.

Story

Maria’s Online Learning Experience

Maria wanted to improve her English skills, so she decided to enroll in an online course. The course was flexible and self-paced, allowing her to study while working full-time. She could access materials anytime, download exercises for offline practice, and stream live webinars.

At first, Maria found it challenging to stay motivated. However, she began setting weekly goals and planning her study schedule carefully. The interactive quizzes and discussion forums helped her stay engaged. By actively participating in all activities, Maria gradually improved her vocabulary and grammar.

After six months, Maria completed the course and received a certificate. She felt proud of her achievements and realised that online learning could be just as effective as traditional classes if students stayed disciplined and consistent. Maria also learned that being self-motivated and engaged was key to success in online education.

Useful Words and Expressions

enroll in a course – записаться на курс

attend lessons/webinars – посещать занятия/вебинары

Конец ознакомительного фрагмента.

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