Подготовка к ОГЭ по английскому языку
Практикуем лексику по темам кодификатора
Айви Вордс

© Айви Вордс, 2026

ISBN 978-5-0069-0687-7

Создано в интеллектуальной издательской системе Ridero

Предисловие

Дорогие читатели!

Я рада приветствовать вас в этом пособии, созданном специально для подготовки к ОГЭ по английскому языку. Эта книга ориентирована на школьников, которым предстоит сдавать экзамен, и имеет целью помочь вам не только успешно пройти испытания, но и углубить ваши знания языка, развить уверенность в своих силах и подготовить вас к реальным жизненным ситуациям.

В процессе работы над этой книгой я уделила особое внимание тому, чтобы все темы соответствовали актуальному кодификатору ОГЭ, а также охватывали самые важные и практичные аспекты, которые вам предстоит изучать. В этой книге вы найдете различные темы, начиная от школьной жизни и заканчивая вопросами экологии и культуры, что поможет вам быть уверенными в своей подготовке.

Каждая глава книги состоит из трех частей. Сначала вы познакомитесь с тематическим топиком, который объясняет основные аспекты той или иной темы. Затем следуют списки лексики и полезных выражений, которые помогут вам в разговоре и письме. В завершение – упражнения, которые предназначены для закрепления материала, развития навыков и проверки ваших знаний. Задания разнообразны и охватывают различные виды деятельности: от упражнений на заполнение пропусков до вопросов на развитие навыков устной речи.

Я стремилась сделать так, чтобы подготовка не была скучной и однообразной. Моя цель – помочь вам не только выполнить все задания экзамена, но и почувствовать себя уверенно, используя английский в повседневной жизни. Все темы, представленные в этой книге, связаны с реальными жизненными ситуациями, с которыми вы сталкиваетесь каждый день, что поможет вам воспринимать язык как средство для общения и самовыражения.

Уверена, что эта книга станет вам надежным помощником в процессе подготовки. Пройдя её, вы не только освоите необходимый материал, но и расширите свои горизонты, лучше понимая культуру англоязычных стран и особенности общения в них. Это поможет вам не только сдать ОГЭ, но и стать более уверенными в своем уровне английского.

Желаю вам удачи и успехов в изучении языка! Пусть эта книга станет важным шагом на пути к вашей цели.

Relationships in the Family and with Friends

1. Story

Anna is a fourteen-year-old girl who lives with her parents and her younger brother. She has a friendly family, but sometimes they have misunderstandings. Anna tries to get along well with everyone, but it is not always easy.

Her parents care about her a lot and always support her in difficult situations. They believe that family members should trust each other and help each other. Anna understands this, but she sometimes feels that her parents do not understand her problems at school.

Anna also has a best friend named Kate. They have known each other for many years and share many interests. They usually spend their free time together, talk about their feelings, and support each other. Anna believes that true friendship is based on honesty, trust, and respect.

One day Anna had an argument with her brother about household duties. She was angry and upset, but later she realized that conflicts are a normal part of family life. She decided to apologize and find a compromise. After that, the atmosphere at home became calm again.

Anna thinks that good relationships with family and friends make life happier. She believes that it is important to listen to others, forgive mistakes, and show care. In her opinion, strong relationships help people feel confident and safe.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to get along well – хорошо ладить

family members – члены семьи

to care about someone – заботиться о ком-то

to support each other – поддерживать друг друга

in difficult situations – в трудных ситуациях

to trust someone – доверять кому-то

to share interests – иметь общие интересы

to spend free time together – проводить свободное время вместе

to talk about feelings – говорить о чувствах

true friendship – настоящая дружба

to be based on – основываться на

honesty and respect – честность и уважение

to have an argument – поссориться

household duties – домашние обязанности

to feel angry and upset – чувствовать злость и расстройство

to realize something – осознать что-то

a normal part of life – нормальная часть жизни

to apologize – извиниться

to find a compromise – найти компромисс

the atmosphere at home – атмосфера дома

to forgive mistakes – прощать ошибки

to show care – проявлять заботу

to feel confident and safe – чувствовать себя уверенно и безопасно

to misunderstand – неправильно понять

relationships matter – отношения имеют значение

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

to get along well

to trust someone

household duties

to apologize

to find a compromise

to support each other

true friendship

to forgive mistakes

a) прощать ошибки

b) домашние обязанности

c) доверять кому-то

d) извиниться

e) хорошо ладить

f) поддерживать друг друга

g) настоящая дружба

h) найти компромисс

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

get along well, trust, argument, support, apologize, compromise, care about, free time

Anna tries to __________ with all her family members.

Her parents always __________ her when she has problems.

Anna believes that friends should __________ each other.

She had an __________ with her brother about household duties.

After the conflict, she decided to __________ for her behaviour.

They managed to find a __________ and solve the problem.

True friends __________ each other’s feelings.

Anna likes to spend her __________ with her best friend.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

Who are the people you get along with best in your family?

What qualities are important for true friendship?

How do you usually solve conflicts with friends or family members?

Do you think it is important to apologize after an argument? Why?

How do good relationships influence a person’s life?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – e

2 – c

3 – b

4 – d

5 – h

6 – f

7 – g

8 – a

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

get along well

support

trust

argument

apologize

compromise

care about

free time

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Who are the people you get along with best in your family?

I get along best with my mother because we share similar interests and always help each other. We also talk a lot about our feelings and understand each other very well.

What qualities are important for true friendship?

I think the most important qualities for true friendship are honesty, trust, and respect. A true friend should always be there for you and never lie or betray your trust.

How do you usually solve conflicts with friends or family members?

When I have a conflict with a friend or family member, I try to talk to them calmly, listen to their point of view, and find a compromise. Apologizing if I made a mistake is also very important to me.

Do you think it is important to apologize after an argument? Why?

Yes, I believe it is very important to apologize after an argument because it shows that you care about the other person and want to resolve the issue. Apologizing helps to rebuild trust and calm the situation.

How do good relationships influence a person’s life?

Good relationships make people feel safe, confident, and happy. They provide emotional support and make it easier to deal with life’s challenges. Having strong relationships with family and friends helps to feel connected and loved.

Conflicts and Their Resolution

1. Story

Anna and Kate have been best friends for many years. They have shared many happy moments, but like any close friends, they sometimes have conflicts. The last conflict happened because Kate was late for their meeting. Anna had been waiting for her at the café for almost an hour, and she felt very frustrated. She didn’t understand why Kate didn’t call to explain that she would be late.

When Kate arrived, she immediately saw that Anna was upset. Kate apologized for being late and explained that she had a family emergency. She didn’t want to make Anna angry, but she forgot to inform her. Anna listened to Kate’s explanation, but she was still angry. She felt that Kate didn’t value their time together.

After a few minutes of silence, Anna realized that everyone makes mistakes, and she decided to forgive Kate. She told Kate that she understood and that she just needed a little time to calm down. Kate was very grateful for Anna’s understanding and promised to be more careful in the future.

They talked about the importance of communication and agreed that in the future, if one of them is going to be late, they will let the other know. This small agreement helped them avoid misunderstandings in the future and made their friendship even stronger.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to have a conflict – иметь конфликт

to be frustrated – быть расстроенным

to be late – опоздать

to apologize – извиняться

to explain something – объяснять что-то

to feel upset – чувствовать себя расстроенным

to listen to someone – слушать кого-то

to be angry – злиться

to make a mistake – ошибаться

to forgive someone – простить кого-то

to value time – ценить время

to calm down – успокоиться

to understand someone – понять кого-то

to be grateful – быть благодарным

to promise – пообещать

to be careful – быть внимательным

to avoid misunderstandings – избегать недоразумений

to agree on something – договориться о чём-то

to strengthen a relationship – укрепить отношения

to communicate – общаться

to let someone know – сообщить кому-то

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

to have a conflict

to apologize

to be frustrated

to forgive someone

to make a mistake

to value time

to calm down

to avoid misunderstandings

a) извиняться

b) простить кого-то

c) ошибаться

d) ценить время

e) успокоиться

f) избежать недоразумений

g) быть расстроенным

h) иметь конфликт

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

conflict, apologize, understand, make a mistake, frustrated, forgive, calm down, promise

Kate wanted to __________ for being late and explain why she didn’t call.

Anna felt __________ because she had been waiting for a long time.

After a few minutes, Anna decided to __________ Kate for being late.

Sometimes we all __________ and don’t do what we mean to do.

It is important to __________ each other when we make mistakes.

Anna needed a few minutes to __________ before they could talk.

They decided to __________ not to repeat the same mistake again.

It is easy to have a __________ with someone, but it is also important to resolve it.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How do you usually feel when you have a conflict with a friend or family member?

What is the best way to resolve a conflict?

How do you feel when someone apologizes to you?

Why is it important to communicate in relationships?

Have you ever had a conflict with a friend or family member? How did you resolve it?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – h

2 – a

3 – g

4 – b

5 – c

6 – d

7 – e

8 – f

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

apologize

frustrated

forgive

make a mistake

understand

calm down

promise

conflict

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How do you usually feel when you have a conflict with a friend or family member?

When I have a conflict with a friend or family member, I usually feel upset and frustrated. I sometimes feel misunderstood, but I try to talk it through and resolve the issue.

What is the best way to resolve a conflict?

The best way to resolve a conflict is to communicate openly, listen to the other person’s point of view, and try to find a compromise. Apologizing if necessary and forgiving each other is also important.

How do you feel when someone apologizes to you?

When someone apologizes to me, I feel relieved and appreciated. It helps me understand that they care and want to resolve the issue. I feel that the relationship is stronger after an apology.

Why is it important to communicate in relationships?

Communication is important in relationships because it helps avoid misunderstandings and conflicts. It allows people to express their feelings, needs, and opinions, making the relationship stronger and healthier.

Have you ever had a conflict with a friend or family member? How did you resolve it?

Yes, I had a conflict with my friend because we misunderstood each other’s intentions. We both apologized and talked about what happened. After that, we understood each other better, and our friendship became even stronger.

Family Holidays

1. Story

Every year, Anna and her family celebrate Christmas together. It is one of the most important family holidays for them. They always decorate their home with beautiful Christmas lights and a big Christmas tree. Anna loves this time of year because the house is full of warmth and happiness.

On Christmas Eve, the family gathers around the table to have dinner together. They eat traditional food, such as turkey, mashed potatoes, and Christmas pudding. After dinner, they exchange gifts. Anna is always excited about this part of the evening, as she enjoys giving presents to her family members.

This year, Anna decided to make a homemade gift for her parents. She spent hours creating a photo album with pictures from their family trips and special moments. Her parents were very touched by the gift, and Anna felt happy to see their smiles.

After exchanging gifts, the family sits down to watch Christmas movies. They love spending time together, talking, and laughing. Anna’s younger brother, Max, enjoys this time the most because he always feels safe and loved during the holiday season.

Family holidays like Christmas bring Anna’s family closer. They remind her of the importance of love, care, and spending time with the people who matter most. Anna believes that family celebrations create beautiful memories that last forever.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

family holiday – семейный праздник

to celebrate – праздновать

Christmas Eve – канун Рождества

to decorate the house – украшать дом

Christmas tree – рождественская ёлка

to exchange gifts – обмениваться подарками

to have dinner together – ужинать вместе

traditional food – традиционная еда

turkey – индейка

mashed potatoes – картофельное пюре

Christmas pudding – рождественский пудинг

homemade gift – подарок, сделанный своими руками

to create a gift – создать подарок

a photo album – фотоальбом

to be touched – быть тронутым

to feel safe and loved – чувствовать себя в безопасности и любимым

to remind someone of something – напоминать кому-то о чём-то

to bring a family closer – сближать семью

beautiful memories – красивые воспоминания

to last forever – оставаться навсегда

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

family holiday

to exchange gifts

to decorate the house

traditional food

homemade gift

to create a gift

a photo album

beautiful memories

a) рождественская ёлка

b) подарки, сделанные своими руками

c) семейный праздник

d) обмениваться подарками

e) традиционная еда

f) фотоальбом

g) украшать дом

h) красивые воспоминания

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

family holiday, Christmas tree, to decorate, homemade gift, exchange gifts, turkey, mashed potatoes, photo album, to create, traditional food

Every year, we celebrate Christmas as a big __________.

We always __________ the house with lights and a beautiful __________.

My family loves to eat __________ and __________ for Christmas dinner.

This year, I decided to make a __________ for my parents. I spent a lot of time working on it.

After dinner, we usually __________ and open presents.

I made a __________ with photos of our family trips last summer.

We all love spending time together and making __________ that will last forever.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

What is your favorite family holiday, and how do you usually celebrate it?

Do you like to give homemade gifts to your family? Why or why not?

What traditional food does your family eat during holidays?

How do family holidays make you feel?

Do you think it is important to spend time with family during holidays? Why?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – c

2 – d

3 – g

4 – e

5 – b

6 – h

7 – f

8 – h

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

family holiday

decorate, Christmas tree

turkey, mashed potatoes

homemade gift

exchange gifts

photo album

beautiful memories

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

What is your favorite family holiday, and how do you usually celebrate it?

My favorite family holiday is New Year’s Eve. We usually celebrate by having a big dinner, watching fireworks, and exchanging gifts. It’s a very joyful and exciting time for our family.

Do you like to give homemade gifts to your family? Why or why not?

Yes, I enjoy giving homemade gifts because they feel more personal and meaningful. I like the idea of creating something special for my family that shows how much I care about them.

What traditional food does your family eat during holidays?

During the holidays, we always eat traditional dishes like roast chicken, mashed potatoes, and salad. For dessert, we often have cake or pie.

How do family holidays make you feel?

Family holidays make me feel happy, loved, and safe. It’s a time to relax and enjoy being with the people I care about most.

Do you think it is important to spend time with family during holidays? Why?

Yes, it is very important to spend time with family during holidays because it helps to strengthen our relationships. It’s a chance to make memories and show each other how much we appreciate each other.

Family Traditions

1. Story

In Anna’s family, there are several important traditions that they follow every year. One of the most cherished traditions is having a family dinner on New Year’s Eve. Every year, the whole family gathers at her grandparents’ house to celebrate together. They prepare a big meal, and everyone brings something special to share. Anna’s grandmother always makes her famous apple pie, and her father prepares his signature salad. The family enjoys eating together, talking, and laughing. After dinner, they sit around the fireplace, tell stories, and watch the New Year’s fireworks on TV.

Another tradition is celebrating each family member’s birthday in a special way. On her birthday, Anna always receives a handmade card from her mother. Her father often writes a poem for her, and they all have a small celebration with cake and gifts. Anna looks forward to this every year, as it is a tradition that makes her feel loved and appreciated.

Anna’s family also has a tradition of volunteering together during the holidays. Every Christmas, they visit a local charity to help prepare food packages for people in need. Anna and her brother enjoy this activity because it helps them feel connected to the community and teaches them the value of giving.

Family traditions like these are very important to Anna. They bring her family closer and create wonderful memories. She believes that traditions are an essential part of family life because they help to strengthen bonds, show love, and keep the family united.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

family tradition – семейная традиция

to gather together – собираться вместе

to prepare a big meal – готовить большой ужин

to bring something special – принести что-то особенное

a homemade gift – подарок, сделанный своими руками

to celebrate someone’s birthday – праздновать чей-то день рождения

a handmade card – открытка, сделанная своими руками

to write a poem – писать стихотворение

to have a small celebration – устраивать небольшое празднование

to volunteer – волонтёрить

to help prepare food packages – помогать готовить пакеты с едой

to feel connected to the community – чувствовать связь с сообществом

to teach the value of giving – учить ценности даяния

to make someone feel loved and appreciated – заставить кого-то чувствовать себя любимым и ценимым

to strengthen bonds – укреплять связи

to create wonderful memories – создавать чудесные воспоминания

to keep the family united – сохранять единство семьи

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

family tradition

to gather together

to prepare a big meal

a handmade card

to volunteer

to have a small celebration

to feel connected to the community

to create wonderful memories

a) быть волонтером

b) праздновать чей-то день рождения

c) семейная традиция

d) чувствовать связь с сообществом

e) собираться вместе

f) готовить большой ужин

g) открытка, сделанная своими руками

h) создавать чудесные воспоминания

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

family tradition, to gather together, handmade card, to volunteer, to prepare, to celebrate, wonderful memories, to strengthen bonds

Every year, we follow our __________ of having a big family dinner.

On my birthday, my mother always gives me a __________.

We all __________ at my grandparents’ house on Christmas Eve.

Last year, we decided __________ together at a local charity during the holidays.

Preparing food for the homeless during the holidays helps us __________ with others.

Family traditions are important because they help __________ in the family.

Our family creates __________ when we celebrate holidays together.

This year, we plan __________ our wedding anniversary with a special dinner.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

What are some family traditions in your country?

How do you celebrate birthdays in your family?

Why do you think family traditions are important?

Have you ever volunteered as a family? What did you do?

What is your favorite family tradition, and why do you like it?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – c

2 – e

3 – f

4 – g

5 – a

6 – b

7 – d

8 – h

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

family tradition

handmade card

gather together

to volunteer

to feel connected to the community

to strengthen bonds

wonderful memories

to celebrate

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

What are some family traditions in your country?

In my country, some common family traditions are celebrating New Year’s Eve together, having big family dinners on holidays, and visiting relatives during special occasions. We also enjoy decorating our homes for Christmas and Easter.

How do you celebrate birthdays in your family?

In my family, we always celebrate birthdays with a small party, cake, and gifts. We usually spend time together, play games, and sing songs. I also receive a handmade card from my family, and they often write me a poem or letter.

Why do you think family traditions are important?

Family traditions are important because they help families stay connected and create a sense of belonging. They also provide opportunities to make happy memories and pass down family customs to future generations.

Have you ever volunteered as a family? What did you do?

Yes, my family volunteered last Christmas. We helped prepare food packages for people in need at a local charity. It was a rewarding experience, and it made me feel good to help others during the holidays.

What is your favorite family tradition, and why do you like it?

My favorite family tradition is having a big family dinner on New Year’s Eve. It’s a time when we all come together, share a meal, and talk about our year. I like it because it’s a time to reflect on the past year and look forward to the new one.

Family Gatherings

1. Story

Every Sunday, Anna’s family has a special tradition – they gather for a family evening at home. It’s called «family night,» and it is one of the most important times of the week for them. They all come together to share stories, play games, and simply enjoy each other’s company.

Anna’s parents prepare a big meal for everyone. Sometimes it’s a homemade pizza, and other times it’s a delicious stew with bread. Anna’s younger brother, Max, loves to help set the table and serve the food. They sit around the table, talking about their week, what they did, and what plans they have for the coming week.

After dinner, the family enjoys playing board games. They often play «Monopoly» or «Scrabble.» It’s a great way for them to bond and have fun. Anna’s grandmother, who lives with them, loves to tell funny stories about her childhood, and everyone listens carefully. The family laughs together, and Anna feels so happy to be surrounded by people she loves.

Sometimes, after playing games, they watch a movie together. They usually choose a comedy or an adventure film. Anna’s father makes popcorn, and they all snuggle up on the sofa. It’s a simple evening, but it’s full of joy and love.

Family gatherings are very important for Anna. She feels that these moments help strengthen the bond between family members and create beautiful memories that they will cherish forever.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

family gathering – семейные посиделки

to come together – собираться вместе

to share stories – делиться историями

to enjoy each other’s company – наслаждаться обществом друг друга

to prepare a meal – готовить еду

homemade pizza – домашняя пицца

to set the table – накрывать на стол

to serve the food – подавать еду

to bond – сближаться, укреплять отношения

to play board games – играть в настольные игры

Monopoly – монополия

Scrabble – скраббл

to tell stories – рассказывать истории

to laugh together – смеяться вместе

to watch a movie – смотреть фильм

comedy – комедия

adventure film – приключенческий фильм

to make popcorn – делать попкорн

to snuggle up on the sofa – уютно устроиться на диване

to create beautiful memories – создавать красивые воспоминания

to cherish forever – хранить навсегда

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

family gathering

to share stories

to bond

to play board games

to laugh together

to set the table

to enjoy each other’s company

to make popcorn

a) накрывать на стол

b) делать попкорн

c) семейные посиделки

d) смеяться вместе

e) делиться историями

f) сближаться

g) наслаждаться обществом друг друга

h) играть в настольные игры

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

family gathering, to bond, to make popcorn, to set the table, to watch a movie, homemade pizza, to tell stories, to enjoy each other’s company

Every Sunday, my family has a __________ where we play games and talk.

My mom usually prepares __________, which is our favorite meal for family nights.

After dinner, we like __________ together and laughing at the funny scenes.

It’s important to spend time with family because it helps __________ and strengthen our relationships.

My grandmother loves __________ about her childhood, and everyone listens with interest.

My brother always helps __________ before we sit down for dinner.

We usually __________ after dinner, especially comedies or adventure films.

During family gatherings, we always __________ and talk about our week.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

What is your favorite family gathering tradition?

How does your family spend time together during the evenings or weekends?

Do you enjoy playing board games with your family? Why or why not?

How do you usually celebrate family nights? What activities do you do?

Why do you think it’s important to have family gatherings?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – c

2 – e

3 – f

4 – h

5 – d

6 – a

7 – g

8 – b

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

family gathering

homemade pizza

to watch a movie

to bond

to tell stories

to set the table

to watch a movie

to enjoy each other’s company

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

What is your favorite family gathering tradition?

My favorite family tradition is our Sunday dinners. We always spend time together, enjoy delicious food, and talk about our week. It’s a special time for us to connect and relax.

How does your family spend time together during the evenings or weekends?

We usually have family dinners on weekends, watch movies together, and play games. Sometimes we also go for walks or visit relatives.

Do you enjoy playing board games with your family? Why or why not?

Yes, I enjoy playing board games because it’s fun and a great way to spend time together. We always laugh a lot and have friendly competition.

How do you usually celebrate family nights? What activities do you do?

We celebrate family nights by having a big dinner, playing games, and watching a movie. We also talk about our day and enjoy each other’s company.

Why do you think it’s important to have family gatherings?

Family gatherings are important because they help strengthen relationships, create lasting memories, and give everyone a chance to relax and enjoy each other’s company. They bring the family closer and make us feel connected.

Household Chores

1. Story

Anna and her family live in a comfortable house with a small garden. Every member of the family has their own responsibilities at home. Anna’s parents believe that everyone should help with the chores to keep the house clean and organized.

Anna’s main chores include cleaning her room, making her bed every morning, and helping her mother in the kitchen. On weekends, she vacuums the living room and dusts the furniture. She also waters the plants in the garden. Anna doesn’t always enjoy doing these tasks, but she knows that they are important for keeping the house nice and tidy.

Her younger brother, Max, has his own set of responsibilities. He takes out the trash, cleans the dishes after dinner, and helps his father with the garage. Sometimes, Max complains about having too many chores, but his parents remind him that these tasks are part of family life and help everyone live in a comfortable home.

One of the things Anna appreciates most about the chores is that they teach her responsibility. She has learned how to manage her time and organize her tasks efficiently. Every week, she makes a list of the chores she needs to do and checks them off as she finishes each one. This way, she makes sure nothing is forgotten.

Although doing chores can be tiring, Anna feels proud when she looks at the clean house. She knows that she is contributing to the family and helping to create a peaceful environment. Family members sometimes reward each other for completing chores, like going out for ice cream or watching a movie together.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

household chores – обязанности по дому

to help with the chores – помогать с домашними делами

to clean the house – убирать в доме

to make the bed – заправлять кровать

to vacuum the living room – пылесосить в гостиной

to dust the furniture – вытирать пыль с мебели

to water the plants – поливать растения

to take out the trash – выносить мусор

to clean the dishes – мыть посуду

to help with the garden – помогать в саду

to manage time – управлять временем

to organize tasks – организовывать задачи

to check off – отмечать (в списке)

to contribute to the family – вносить вклад в семью

to create a peaceful environment – создавать спокойную атмосферу

to reward someone – вознаграждать кого-то

to go out for ice cream – пойти за мороженым

to complain about something – жаловаться на что-то

to be part of family life – быть частью семейной жизни

to feel proud of something – гордиться чем-то

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

household chores

to take out the trash

to clean the dishes

to dust the furniture

to help with the garden

to manage time

to check off

to contribute to the family

a) выносить мусор

b) помогать в саду

c) обязанности по дому

d) управлять временем

e) вытирать пыль с мебели

f) отмечать (в списке)

g) вносить вклад в семью

h) мыть посуду

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to help with the chores, to make the bed, to clean the dishes, to manage time, to water the plants, to take out the trash, to contribute to the family, to check off

Anna always __________ in the kitchen by washing the plates after dinner.

Max doesn’t like __________, but he knows it is important for keeping the house clean.

On weekends, Anna usually __________ the living room and the kitchen.

Every week, Anna writes a list of chores and __________ them once she finishes them.

Max’s favorite job is __________ because it’s quick and easy.

Anna feels good when she helps her parents, because she knows she is __________.

Her father always reminds her to __________ the plants in the garden every Saturday.

It’s important for children to __________ so they can learn responsibility.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

What are some household chores you do at home?

Do you enjoy doing household chores? Why or why not?

How do your parents divide household tasks in your family?

Why do you think it is important to do household chores?

How do you feel when you finish all your chores for the week?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – c

2 – a

3 – h

4 – e

5 – b

6 – d

7 – f

8 – g

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

cleans the dishes

helping with the chores

vacuums

checks off

taking out the trash

contributing to the family

water

help with the chores

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

What are some household chores you do at home?

At home, I help with washing the dishes, cleaning my room, taking out the trash, and vacuuming the living room. I also water the plants in the garden.

Do you enjoy doing household chores? Why or why not?

I don’t always enjoy doing household chores because they can be tiring and time-consuming. But I feel good when I finish them, and I know they are important for keeping the house clean.

How do your parents divide household tasks in your family?

In my family, my mom and dad do most of the cleaning, while I take care of my room and help with the kitchen. My brother is responsible for taking out the trash, and we all help with the garden.

Why do you think it is important to do household chores?

It’s important to do household chores because they help keep the house organized and clean. They also teach responsibility and teamwork, as everyone in the family needs to contribute.

How do you feel when you finish all your chores for the week?

When I finish all my chores for the week, I feel proud and satisfied. It’s a nice feeling to know that everything is in order, and I can relax without worrying about tasks left undone.

Dividing Household Chores

1. Story

In Anna’s family, everyone has their own responsibilities when it comes to household chores. Her parents believe that dividing chores equally helps everyone feel involved and teaches them responsibility.

Every Saturday, Anna and her family gather together to decide who will do which chores for the week. Anna’s father usually takes care of the heavy tasks, like mowing the lawn and fixing things around the house. He also cleans the garage once a month. Anna’s mother handles the cooking and the laundry. She enjoys baking cookies on the weekend and often asks Anna to help her. Together, they prepare dinner and clean the kitchen afterward.

Anna and her younger brother, Max, have their own tasks as well. Anna’s job is to clean her room, make the bed, vacuum the living room, and water the plants in the garden. Max takes out the trash, washes the dishes, and helps his father with the garage work. Sometimes Max complains that his chores are too hard, but his parents remind him that everyone in the family should do their part.

Anna likes that the chores are divided fairly because it means no one has too much work. She also enjoys spending time with her family while they clean or cook together. Every time they finish their chores, they reward themselves by having a family movie night or going out for ice cream.

For Anna, dividing household chores helps everyone stay organized and teaches her the importance of teamwork. She believes that when everyone helps, the home feels more comfortable and everyone has more free time to relax.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

dividing household chores – деление домашних обязанностей

to do one’s part – делать свою часть работы

to take care of – заботиться о, заниматься чем-то

heavy tasks – тяжёлые задачи

to mow the lawn – косить газон

to fix things – чинить вещи

to handle the cooking – заниматься готовкой

to do the laundry – стирать бельё

to clean the kitchen – убирать на кухне

to wash the dishes – мыть посуду

to clean one’s room – убирать в комнате

to make the bed – заправлять кровать

to vacuum the living room – пылесосить в гостиной

to water the plants – поливать растения

to take out the trash – выносить мусор

to complain about something – жаловаться на что-то

to be involved – быть вовлечённым

to reward oneself – наградить себя

family movie night – семейный вечер кино

to go out for ice cream – пойти за мороженым

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

dividing household chores

heavy tasks

to mow the lawn

to handle the cooking

to wash the dishes

to water the plants

family movie night

to reward oneself

a) пойти за мороженым

b) деление домашних обязанностей

c) тяжёлые задачи

d) пылесосить в гостиной

e) выносить мусор

f) заниматься готовкой

g) наградить себя

h) косить газон

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to divide, to take care of, to complain about, to handle, heavy tasks, to do one’s part, to water the plants, to clean the kitchen, to wash the dishes, to reward oneself

Every Saturday, my family meets to __________ the household chores.

My father usually __________ the heavy tasks, like fixing things and mowing the lawn.

My mother likes __________ the cooking, especially baking cookies.

I am responsible for __________ my room and __________ the plants.

Max sometimes likes __________ his chores because they are hard.

We always __________ by having a family movie night after we finish cleaning.

It’s important for everyone in the family __________ so that no one feels overwhelmed.

After dinner, I __________ because I enjoy helping my mother.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How does your family divide the household chores?

Do you think it’s important for everyone to do their part in household chores? Why or why not?

What household chores do you enjoy doing the most?

How do you feel when you complete your chores for the week?

Do you ever reward yourself or your family after doing chores? If so, how?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – b

2 – c

3 – h

4 – f

5 – g

6 – d

7 – a

8 – e

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

divide

take care of

handle

cleaning, watering

complain about

reward ourselves

to do their part

wash the dishes

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How does your family divide the household chores?

In my family, my mom handles the cooking and laundry, while my dad takes care of the garden and repairs. I clean my room, vacuum, and help with the dishes, and my younger brother takes out the trash.

Do you think it’s important for everyone to do their part in household chores? Why or why not?

Yes, it’s important because when everyone does their part, it keeps the house clean and organized. It also teaches responsibility and teamwork, making everyone feel involved.

What household chores do you enjoy doing the most?

I enjoy vacuuming and cleaning the living room because it makes the house feel neat and tidy. I also like watering the plants, as it’s a calming task.

How do you feel when you complete your chores for the week?

I feel proud and satisfied when I finish my chores. It’s nice to see everything clean and organized, and I can relax afterward without worrying about unfinished tasks.

Do you ever reward yourself or your family after doing chores? If so, how?

Yes, after completing all our chores, we sometimes reward ourselves by going out for ice cream or having a family movie night. It’s a nice way to celebrate our hard work.

Helping Parents

1. Story

Anna is a teenager who enjoys spending time with her family. She knows how important it is to help her parents around the house, not only to keep things organized but also to show her love and appreciation for everything they do for her.

Every day, Anna helps her mother with the household chores. In the morning, she makes her bed and helps her mother prepare breakfast. After school, she cleans the kitchen, washes the dishes, and sometimes helps her father with shopping for groceries. On weekends, Anna and her younger brother Max share the responsibility of cleaning the living room and vacuuming the house.

Anna feels proud when she helps her parents because she knows that small acts of kindness make a big difference in their lives. Her parents always thank her for her help, which makes her feel valued and appreciated. Sometimes, they reward her by letting her choose what to do for the weekend, like going to the movies or having a family picnic.

Max, on the other hand, isn’t always excited about helping around the house. He often complains that the chores take too long or are too difficult. However, Anna reminds him that everyone needs to do their part, and helping the family is important. Gradually, Max has learned to enjoy helping with small tasks, like folding laundry or taking out the trash.

Anna’s family has always believed in teamwork. They understand that everyone should pitch in and support one another. Helping her parents makes Anna feel more connected to her family, and she knows that by working together, they can create a happy and harmonious home.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to help parents – помогать родителям

to keep things organized – поддерживать порядок

to show appreciation – проявлять благодарность

to make the bed – заправлять кровать

to prepare breakfast – готовить завтрак

to clean the kitchen – убирать на кухне

to wash the dishes – мыть посуду

to help with shopping – помогать с покупками

to share the responsibility – делить ответственность

to vacuum the house – пылесосить дом

to fold laundry – складывать бельё

to take out the trash – выносить мусор

to complain about something – жаловаться на что-то

to pitch in – помогать, делать свою часть

to support one another – поддерживать друг друга

to feel appreciated – чувствовать себя оценённым

to reward oneself – награждать себя

to choose what to do – выбрать, что делать

to create a happy home – создавать счастливый дом

to work together – работать вместе

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

to help parents

to prepare breakfast

to fold laundry

to clean the kitchen

to vacuum the house

to pitch in

to take out the trash

to work together

a) складывать бельё

b) помогать родителям

c) работать вместе

d) пылесосить дом

e) выносить мусор

f) готовить завтрак

g) убирать на кухне

h) делать свою часть

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to keep things organized, to show appreciation, to help with shopping, to pitch in, to fold laundry, to take out the trash, to feel appreciated, to work together

Anna always helps her mother __________ by cleaning the kitchen after breakfast.

Max doesn’t like __________, but he knows that it’s part of his responsibilities.

Anna’s parents always thank her for her efforts, which makes her __________.

The whole family __________ to keep the house tidy and help each other.

It’s important for everyone in the family __________ and contribute to the chores.

On weekends, Anna helps her father __________ and buys some fresh vegetables.

When everyone in the family helps, they can __________ and enjoy their time together.

It’s good to __________ for the work you do by rewarding yourself sometimes.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How do you help your parents at home?

Do you enjoy helping your parents with household chores? Why or why not?

Why do you think it’s important to help your parents?

How do your parents show appreciation for your help?

What do you think would happen if no one helped around the house?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – b

2 – f

3 – a

4 – g

5 – d

6 – h

7 – e

8 – c

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

help with shopping

folding laundry

feel appreciated

pitch in

to keep things organized

take out the trash

work together

show appreciation

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How do you help your parents at home?

I help my parents by cleaning my room, washing the dishes, folding the laundry, and sometimes helping with cooking. I also help my dad with gardening on weekends.

Do you enjoy helping your parents with household chores? Why or why not?

I don’t always enjoy doing chores, especially when I’m busy with homework. But I understand that it’s important to help my parents and it makes them happy.

Why do you think it’s important to help your parents?

It’s important to help my parents because they do a lot for me, and helping them shows that I appreciate their hard work. It also makes our home a better place to live in.

How do your parents show appreciation for your help?

My parents thank me when I help out, and sometimes they reward me by letting me choose what to do for the weekend, like going to the movies or ordering pizza.

What do you think would happen if no one helped around the house?

If no one helped around the house, it would be very messy and unorganized. My parents would feel stressed and tired, and it would be hard to enjoy our time together. Teamwork is important for keeping the home happy and peaceful.

Home Comfort

1. Story

Anna loves spending time at home because it is her safe place. For her, home is not just a building – it’s a place where she feels relaxed and comfortable. Every corner of the house is filled with things that make her feel at peace. Her parents have worked hard to create a warm, cozy atmosphere in their home.

The living room is her favorite place. It has soft, colorful pillows on the couch, and the walls are decorated with family photos and paintings that Anna loves. There’s always a warm blanket nearby for those chilly evenings when the family watches movies together. The soft light from the table lamps creates a calm and inviting atmosphere.

Anna’s mother is very particular about keeping the house clean and tidy, but she also makes sure that it feels cozy. She likes to arrange fresh flowers in vases, and there’s always a nice smell of homemade food coming from the kitchen. Anna loves helping her mom with cooking, especially on weekends when they bake cookies or prepare a special meal together. These activities make the house feel even more inviting.

In her room, Anna has created a small corner where she likes to read books. She has soft lighting, a comfortable chair, and a small bookshelf filled with her favorite novels. When Anna is tired or needs a break, she goes to her reading corner, wraps herself in a blanket, and gets lost in a good story. It’s her little retreat from the world, a place where she can relax and feel at peace.

Her parents also believe that a comfortable home is a peaceful home. They make sure to keep the house organized, but they also fill it with things that make everyone feel welcome. The atmosphere in their home is full of warmth, and Anna is proud to be a part of such a cozy and happy place.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

home comfort – домашний уют

safe place – безопасное место

cozy atmosphere – уютная атмосфера

soft pillows – мягкие подушки

to arrange flowers – ставить цветы

homemade food – домашняя еда

to bake cookies – печь печенье

reading corner – уголок для чтения

to get lost in a story – погружаться в историю

to feel at peace – чувствовать спокойствие

to create a warm atmosphere – создавать тёплую атмосферу

to wrap oneself in a blanket – завернуться в одеяло

table lamps – настольные лампы

family photos – семейные фотографии

to feel relaxed – чувствовать себя расслабленно

to be particular about something – быть требовательным к чему-то

to keep the house tidy – поддерживать порядок в доме

inviting atmosphere – привлекательная атмосфера

comfortable chair – удобное кресло

to have a retreat – иметь уединённое место

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

home comfort

cozy atmosphere

to arrange flowers

homemade food

reading corner

to get lost in a story

to feel at peace

to wrap oneself in a blanket

a) погружаться в историю

b) уютная атмосфера

c) комфортное кресло

d) иметь уединённое место

e) домашняя еда

f) чувствовать спокойствие

g) ставить цветы

h) домашний уют

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to feel at peace, cozy atmosphere, reading corner, homemade food, soft pillows, inviting atmosphere, to arrange flowers, to get lost in a story, comfortable chair, to bake cookies

In the living room, there are __________ on the couch, and the lights are dim, creating a very relaxing vibe.

My mom loves __________ on the kitchen table to make the room feel fresh and welcoming.

Anna loves her __________ in her room, where she reads her favorite books and relaxes.

The smell of __________ always fills the house and makes everyone feel happy.

Sometimes, after a long day, I like to sit in my __________ and read a good book.

When I read a good novel, I can easily __________ and forget about everything around me.

The family always works together to create a __________ at home where everyone can relax.

After a long walk, I like to __________ and watch a movie with my family.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

What makes your home feel comfortable and cozy?

Do you like having a reading corner or a special place to relax? Why or why not?

How do your parents create a cozy atmosphere at home?

What activities do you enjoy doing at home that help create a relaxing atmosphere?

Why do you think it’s important to have a comfortable home?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – h

2 – b

3 – g

4 – e

5 – d

6 – a

7 – f

8 – i

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

soft pillows

to arrange flowers

reading corner

homemade food

comfortable chair

get lost in a story

cozy atmosphere

wrap oneself in a blanket

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

What makes your home feel comfortable and cozy?

My home feels comfortable because we have soft blankets on the couches, warm lighting, and family photos on the walls. The smell of homemade food also makes the house feel inviting and cozy.

Do you like having a reading corner or a special place to relax? Why or why not?

Yes, I love having a reading corner. It’s a place where I can escape into a book and forget about everything else. It makes me feel relaxed and peaceful.

How do your parents create a cozy atmosphere at home?

My parents create a cozy atmosphere by using soft lighting, arranging fresh flowers, and keeping the house clean and organized. They also play relaxing music in the evenings, which helps create a calm environment.

What activities do you enjoy doing at home that help create a relaxing atmosphere?

I enjoy reading books, watching movies with my family, and helping my mom cook. These activities help me unwind and create a peaceful atmosphere at home.

Why do you think it’s important to have a comfortable home?

A comfortable home is important because it’s a place where you can relax and feel at peace. It’s where you can recharge and feel safe, surrounded by people you love.

A Person’s Appearance

1. Story

Anna met her new classmate, Lily, on the first day of school. Lily was a bit shy at first, but she quickly warmed up to Anna when they started talking about their favorite hobbies. Anna noticed that Lily had a very unique style.

Lily was tall, with long, straight brown hair that reached her shoulders. She wore glasses with bright red frames that made her look smart and stylish. Her eyes were green and sparkled when she smiled, which happened a lot because Lily was a very friendly person. She had a small nose and full lips, and her skin was fair, with a light freckling on her cheeks.

Anna could see that Lily took good care of herself. She wore simple, but fashionable clothes – a light blue T-shirt and a denim jacket. Lily’s sense of style was casual, yet she always looked well put together. Anna thought she looked effortlessly chic.

Anna, on the other hand, was shorter than Lily and had curly blonde hair that she usually wore in a ponytail. She had blue eyes and a few freckles across her nose. She was very active and liked to play sports, so she had a slim and fit body. Anna preferred comfort over style, often wearing jeans and sneakers. She didn’t care much for fashion, but she always looked neat and tidy.

As they spent more time together, Anna realized that Lily’s appearance perfectly reflected her kind and outgoing personality. She was warm and approachable, and that made her even more beautiful.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to be tall / short – быть высоким / низким

to have long / short hair – иметь длинные / короткие волосы

to have straight / curly hair – иметь прямые / кудрявые волосы

to wear glasses – носить очки

to have blue / green eyes – иметь голубые / зелёные глаза

to have freckles – иметь веснушки

to look smart – выглядеть умно

to look stylish – выглядеть стильно

to have a small / large nose – иметь маленький / большой нос

to have full lips – иметь полные губы

to take care of oneself – заботиться о себе

to wear fashionable clothes – носить модную одежду

to look well put together – выглядеть собранно

to be active – быть активным

to have a slim / fit body – иметь стройное / подтянутое тело

to prefer comfort – предпочитать комфорт

to look neat and tidy – выглядеть аккуратно

to be outgoing – быть общительным

to reflect someone’s personality – отражать чью-то личность

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

to have straight hair

to wear glasses

to be active

to have freckles

to look smart

to look stylish

to be outgoing

to look neat and tidy

a) быть активным

b) иметь веснушки

c) выглядеть стильно

d) быть общительным

e) носить очки

f) выглядеть умно

g) иметь прямые волосы

h) выглядеть аккуратно

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to be tall, to have curly hair, to look stylish, to wear glasses, to have green eyes, to take care of oneself, to have a slim body, to be outgoing, to look neat and tidy, to prefer comfort

Lily __________ and has long, straight brown hair.

Anna likes sports and has a __________ body.

She always __________, even when she wears jeans and a T-shirt.

I usually __________ and don’t care much about fashion.

My friend Sarah __________ and always looks elegant.

Tim is very __________, and he talks to everyone he meets.

Tom’s __________ make him look even more charming.

I wear __________ because I have trouble seeing far away.

I like people who __________ and care about their health.

You should always __________ by wearing clean and neat clothes.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How would you describe your appearance?

What do you think is more important: looking stylish or feeling comfortable? Why?

How do you think a person’s appearance can reflect their personality?

What kind of clothes do you like to wear, and why?

Do you think it’s important to take care of yourself? Why or why not?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – g

2 – e

3 – a

4 – b

5 – f

6 – c

7 – d

8 – h

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

is tall

slim

looks stylish

prefer comfort

looks neat and tidy

outgoing

freckles

wear glasses

take care of oneself

look neat and tidy

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How would you describe your appearance?

I have medium-length brown hair and brown eyes. I am average height and have a slim body. I like to wear comfortable clothes, like jeans and T-shirts.

What do you think is more important: looking stylish or feeling comfortable? Why?

I think feeling comfortable is more important. If you feel good in what you wear, you will look more confident. Style can follow, but comfort should come first.

How do you think a person’s appearance can reflect their personality?

A person’s appearance can show a lot about their personality. For example, if someone is neat and well-groomed, they might be organized and care about details. If they wear casual clothes, they might prefer comfort and ease over fashion.

What kind of clothes do you like to wear, and why?

I like wearing casual clothes, like T-shirts and jeans, because they are comfortable and practical. I also like bright colors that make me feel happy.

Do you think it’s important to take care of yourself? Why or why not?

Yes, it’s important to take care of yourself because it helps you feel better physically and mentally. When you take care of your body, you can be more confident and ready to face challenges.

Describing a Literary Character’s Appearance

1. Story

In every story, authors describe their characters in detail to help readers visualize them. A character’s appearance can reveal a lot about their personality, background, and even their role in the plot. The way a character looks often gives us clues about who they are or what they might be going through in the story.

For example, in many novels, characters are described in terms of their height, build, hair color, and eye color. These physical details are important for helping us form an image of the character. A tall, muscular character might be described as strong and imposing, while a shorter, more delicate character might be portrayed as graceful or reserved.

Authors also use features like facial expressions and posture to show the character’s emotions. For instance, if a character’s face is described as constantly smiling, it might suggest that they are friendly, optimistic, or kind-hearted. On the other hand, a character with a furrowed brow or a tight mouth might be portrayed as serious or angry.

Clothing and style are also important elements in describing a character. The way a character dresses can tell us a lot about their personality or social status. A character who wears expensive, well-tailored clothes might be portrayed as rich, elegant, or even arrogant, while a character who wears simple, worn-out clothes might be seen as humble or poor.

Ultimately, a character’s appearance serves not only to help readers visualize them, but also to enhance the storytelling. Physical descriptions help create a stronger connection between the reader and the character, making them feel more real and relatable.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to be described as – быть описанным как

to stand tall – стоять прямо, быть высоким

to be of average height – быть среднего роста

to have a strong build – иметь крепкое телосложение

to have delicate features – иметь утончённые черты

to have striking eyes – иметь поразительные глаза

to have a pleasant smile – иметь приятную улыбку

to wear elegant clothes – носить элегантную одежду

to wear shabby clothes – носить потрёпанную одежду

to have a confident posture – уверенная осанка

to have a slouching posture – сутулиться

to have a stern expression – строгое выражение лица

to have a warm expression – тёплое выражение лица

to be well-groomed – быть ухоженным

to be scruffy – быть неопрятным

to look disheveled – выглядеть неопрятно

to be described in detail – быть описанным в деталях

to reflect a character’s personality – отражать личность персонажа

to add depth to a character – добавлять глубины персонажу

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

to stand tall

to have striking eyes

to wear shabby clothes

to have a slouching posture

to be well-groomed

to look disheveled

to have delicate features

to have a confident posture

a) иметь утончённые черты

b) быть неопрятным

c) стоять прямо

d) иметь поразительные глаза

e) носить потрёпанную одежду

f) уверенная осанка

g) сутулиться

h) быть ухоженным

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to have a warm expression, to be of average height, to wear elegant clothes, to stand tall, to have a confident posture, to look disheveled, to have a stern expression, to be well-groomed

The prince always __________, walking through the halls with an air of authority.

The old woman was described as __________, her wrinkles showing a lifetime of kindness.

The young man __________, showing off his perfectly pressed suit and polished shoes.

His clothes were torn and dirty; he __________, as if he had been through a long journey.

The soldier __________, showing no signs of fear or hesitation.

She looked __________, her hair messy and clothes wrinkled after the long day of travel.

The teacher often __________, making her students feel nervous and afraid.

Despite the long day, the actress always made sure she __________, with no hair out of place.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

What can the appearance of a character tell you about their personality?

Do you think the way a character dresses is important for their role in the story? Why or why not?

How can the description of a character’s posture or facial expression help you understand them better?

What is the role of physical descriptions in creating a connection between the reader and the character?

Can you think of an example from a book where a character’s appearance revealed something important about them? Explain.

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – c

2 – d

3 – e

4 – g

5 – h

6 – b

7 – a

8 – f

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

stood tall

had a warm expression

wore elegant clothes

looked disheveled

had a confident posture

looked disheveled

had a stern expression

was well-groomed

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

What can the appearance of a character tell you about their personality?

The appearance of a character can give us clues about their personality. For example, if a character is always neat and well-groomed, it might suggest that they are organized and care about their image. If a character looks messy or disheveled, they might be portrayed as carefree or rebellious.

Do you think the way a character dresses is important for their role in the story? Why or why not?

Yes, the way a character dresses is important because it can reflect their social status, personality, and role in the story. For example, a wealthy character might wear expensive clothes, while a poor character might wear worn-out clothing. Clothing can help establish a character’s background and relationship with others.

How can the description of a character’s posture or facial expression help you understand them better?

A character’s posture or facial expression can give us insight into their emotions and state of mind. For example, a character with a confident posture might be self-assured, while someone with a slouching posture might seem insecure or shy. A stern expression can indicate anger or seriousness, while a warm expression might show kindness.

What is the role of physical descriptions in creating a connection between the reader and the character?

Physical descriptions help readers visualize the character and make them feel more real. When we can picture a character’s appearance, it becomes easier to connect with them emotionally. The way a character looks can also influence how we perceive their personality and role in the story.

Can you think of an example from a book where a character’s appearance revealed something important about them? Explain.

In The Great Gatsby, the character of Daisy Buchanan is described as having an alluring, yet distant beauty. Her physical appearance mirrors her inner conflict – beautiful but superficial and emotionally distant. This helps us understand her character and motivations in the story.

Describing a Literary Character’s Appearance (Cheburashka)

1. Story

Cheburashka is one of the most beloved characters in Russian literature and animation. He is a small, mysterious creature with a very unique appearance. The first time we meet Cheburashka, we learn that he was found in a box of oranges in a distant tropical country. His strange appearance makes him stand out among other characters, but his kind and gentle nature quickly makes him a friend to everyone he meets.

Cheburashka is very small, no taller than a child, with large, round ears that are almost as big as his head. His fur is soft and brown, with a slightly lighter shade on his belly and around his face. His face is round and childlike, with big, wide eyes that give him an innocent and curious look. His nose is small and round, and he has a friendly smile that makes him appear even more approachable.

Cheburashka doesn’t have a tail, but his ears are so large that they almost make up for it. His paws are small, and he walks on all fours, like a small animal, though he can also stand on his hind legs when he’s talking to his friends or trying to get someone’s attention.

Although Cheburashka’s appearance is unusual, his friendly and caring nature is what really makes him special. He may look different from the other characters, but it’s his kindness, sincerity, and willingness to help others that make him unforgettable.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to be small in size – быть маленьким по размеру

large, round ears – большие круглые уши

to have a childlike face – иметь детское лицо

big, wide eyes – большие, широко раскрытые глаза

friendly smile – дружелюбная улыбка

soft fur – мягкая шерсть

to stand out – выделяться

to have a unique appearance – иметь уникальную внешность

to look innocent and curious – выглядеть невинным и любопытным

to walk on all fours – ходить на четырёх лапах

to stand on hind legs – стоять на задних лапах

to have a small, round nose – иметь маленький круглый нос

to be approachable – быть дружелюбным, открытым

to have a friendly nature – иметь дружелюбный характер

to be caring and kind – быть заботливым и добрым

to be unforgettable – быть незабываемым

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

large, round ears

to have a friendly smile

to walk on all fours

soft fur

to have a small, round nose

to be small in size

big, wide eyes

to be caring and kind

a) иметь маленький круглый нос

b) ходить на четырёх лапах

c) большие круглые уши

d) иметь дружелюбную улыбку

e) мягкая шерсть

f) быть маленьким по размеру

g) выглядеть невинным и любопытным

h) быть заботливым и добрым

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to be small in size, to have large, round ears, to look innocent and curious, to have a friendly smile, soft fur, to stand out, to be caring and kind, to walk on all fours, to be unforgettable

Cheburashka is __________, with a height no taller than a small child.

His __________ make him instantly recognizable to everyone.

Despite his unusual appearance, Cheburashka’s __________ makes him loved by all.

Cheburashka often has a __________ that makes him seem approachable and warm.

His __________ is the color of chocolate, soft to the touch.

His small size and unique look make him __________ among other characters.

Though Cheburashka usually moves around on all fours, he can also __________ when necessary.

He is not just a cute character, but also __________, always helping those in need.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How would you describe Cheburashka’s appearance?

What makes Cheburashka different from other characters in his stories?

How does Cheburashka’s appearance reflect his personality?

Why do you think Cheburashka’s kindness and friendly nature are important to the story?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – c

2 – d

3 – b

4 – e

5 – a

6 – f

7 – g

8 – h

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

small in size

large, round ears

friendly smile

friendly smile

soft fur

stand out

walk on all fours

caring and kind

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How would you describe Cheburashka’s appearance?

Cheburashka is a small creature with large, round ears that are almost as big as his head. His fur is soft and brown, and he has a childlike face with big, wide eyes and a small, round nose. He is friendly-looking and has a warm, approachable smile.

What makes Cheburashka different from other characters in his stories?

Cheburashka is different because of his unique appearance. He doesn’t resemble any known animals, with his large ears and small size, making him stand out. His innocent and curious look also makes him special.

How does Cheburashka’s appearance reflect his personality?

Cheburashka’s childlike face and friendly smile reflect his kind and innocent nature. His large ears and small size make him appear gentle and non-threatening, which suits his caring and helpful personality.

Why do you think Cheburashka’s kindness and friendly nature are important to the story?

Cheburashka’s kindness and friendly nature are essential because they make him approachable and loved by others. These traits help him form strong bonds with other characters and drive the plot forward, where friendship and helping others are central themes.

Describing a Literary Character’s Appearance (Harry Potter)

1. Story

In the famous book Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, the main character, Harry Potter, is introduced to us as a young boy with an unusual background. He is a wizard, and though he doesn’t know it at first, he is destined for greatness. But how does the author, J.K. Rowling, describe Harry’s appearance?

Harry is described as having messy black hair that he can never seem to control. It’s always sticking out in odd directions, which makes him look a bit careless. His hair is one of the first things people notice about him because it’s so different. He also has round glasses that sit on his small, slightly crooked nose. These glasses are another defining feature of his appearance and are often associated with his character.

His eyes are bright green, and they are one of the most striking features of his face. They stand out even more because of his glasses. He also has a lightning-shaped scar on his forehead, which is the result of a curse from when he was just a baby. This scar makes him look mysterious, as it’s a symbol of both his past and the danger he survived. The scar is one of Harry’s most iconic traits, and it plays a significant role in his character development.

Harry is not particularly tall. In fact, he is described as being average height for his age, though he is often thin and slightly underweight. He doesn’t care much about how he looks, which is evident from the fact that his clothes never fit him perfectly. He wears hand-me-down clothes from his cousin Dudley, which are usually too big for him. This reflects his humble and modest nature.

Despite his less-than-perfect appearance, Harry has a quiet confidence about him. His physical traits don’t define him; instead, his bravery, kindness, and loyalty are what make him stand out. As he grows older, Harry becomes more comfortable with his appearance, but his distinctive glasses, scar, and messy hair always remain an important part of who he is.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to be described as – быть описанным как

messy hair – растрёпанные волосы

round glasses – круглые очки

crooked nose – кривой нос

striking eyes – поразительные глаза

lightning-shaped scar – шрам в форме молнии

average height – среднего роста

slightly underweight – слегка недостаточно весёлый

hand-me-down clothes – одежда от старших

to stand out – выделяться

to reflect someone’s nature – отражать чью-то природу

to be iconic – быть культовым

to care about appearance – заботиться о внешности

to feel comfortable with one’s appearance – чувствовать себя уверенно в своей внешности

to develop one’s character – развивать характер

to have quiet confidence – иметь тихую уверенность

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

messy hair

round glasses

crooked nose

lightning-shaped scar

to stand out

to care about appearance

to feel comfortable with one’s appearance

to be described as

a) шрам в форме молнии

b) не обращать внимания на внешность

c) выделяться

d) растрёпанные волосы

e) кривой нос

f) быть описанным как

g) круглые очки

h) чувствовать себя уверенно в своей внешности

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to be described as, to stand out, messy hair, round glasses, lightning-shaped scar, to be iconic, to care about appearance, to feel comfortable with one’s appearance, to develop one’s character, average height

Harry Potter is __________ a young wizard with a mysterious past.

Harry’s __________ makes him easily recognizable.

His __________ on his forehead is one of the most important details of his appearance.

Though Harry doesn’t __________, he still becomes a famous figure.

Harry is of __________, not too tall, but he is very thin.

He is always wearing __________ from his cousin Dudley.

Harry never worries much about his clothes or appearance; he is more focused on __________.

As Harry grows older, he begins __________ and becomes more confident about who he is.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How does J.K. Rowling describe Harry Potter’s appearance in the book?

What is the most iconic feature of Harry’s appearance, and why is it important?

Do you think Harry’s appearance reflects his personality? Why or why not?

How do you think Harry feels about his appearance throughout the series?

Why do you think his modest appearance is significant to the character development in the story?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – d

2 – g

3 – e

4 – a

5 – c

6 – b

7 – h

8 – f

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

described as

messy hair

lightning-shaped scar

care about appearance

average height

hand-me-down clothes

developing one’s character

feeling comfortable with one’s appearance

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How does J.K. Rowling describe Harry Potter’s appearance in the book?

J.K. Rowling describes Harry as having messy black hair, round glasses, a small crooked nose, and a lightning-shaped scar on his forehead. He is of average height and often wears hand-me-down clothes that are too big for him.

What is the most iconic feature of Harry’s appearance, and why is it important?

The most iconic feature of Harry’s appearance is his lightning-shaped scar. It’s important because it symbolizes his past and the danger he survived. It’s also a reminder of the curse that left him an orphan, marking him as the «Boy Who Lived.»

Do you think Harry’s appearance reflects his personality? Why or why not?

Yes, I think Harry’s appearance reflects his personality. His messy hair and casual clothing show that he is humble and doesn’t care much about his appearance. It also suggests that he is more focused on being a good person rather than impressing others with how he looks.

How do you think Harry feels about his appearance throughout the series?

At first, Harry doesn’t seem to care much about his appearance. He feels uncomfortable with his hand-me-down clothes, but as he grows older and gains confidence in his abilities, he becomes more comfortable with how he looks. His appearance is part of who he is, but his true strength lies in his bravery and heart.

Why do you think his modest appearance is significant to the character development in the story?

Harry’s modest appearance highlights his humble nature and sets him apart from the typical «hero» who might be portrayed as perfect. His appearance emphasizes the idea that true heroism comes from within, and it is his courage, loyalty, and kindness that define him, not his looks.

Describing a Character’s Personality

1. Story

In every great story, characters are not only defined by their actions and appearance but also by their personalities. A character’s personality reveals their strengths, weaknesses, fears, and desires. It shapes how they interact with other characters and the world around them.

For example, in many novels, a character may be described as brave, kind, or selfish, and these traits help us understand how they will respond to challenges. A character who is brave might face danger without hesitation, while a character who is kind might go out of their way to help others, even at great personal cost. On the other hand, a character who is selfish might only care about their own well-being, often at the expense of others.

A good author will show a character’s personality through their actions, dialogue, and thoughts. For instance, a character who is brave may take a risk to save someone they care about, even if it means putting themselves in danger. A selfish character might refuse to help a friend in need or make decisions that benefit only themselves. These actions speak volumes about who they are.

Let’s imagine a character named John. John is a very brave person, but he is also a bit stubborn. When his friends are in trouble, he will do everything in his power to help them, even if it means going against authority. However, his stubbornness sometimes leads him into difficult situations. For example, he may refuse to listen to advice and end up in a more dangerous situation than necessary. Despite this, his friends respect him because they know he would never abandon them.

John’s courage and loyalty make him a strong, reliable friend, but his stubbornness can sometimes be his downfall. He is a complex character, with both positive and negative traits that make him real and relatable.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to be brave – быть смелым

to be kind-hearted – быть добрым сердцем

to be selfish – быть эгоистичным

to be stubborn – быть упрямым

to be loyal – быть преданным

to be reliable – быть надежным

to take risks – рисковать

to refuse to listen to advice – отказываться слушать советы

to face danger without hesitation – встретиться с опасностью без колебаний

to help someone in need – помочь кому-то в беде

to be a strong leader – быть сильным лидером

to show courage – проявлять смелость

to act on instinct – действовать на инстинктах

to be considerate – быть внимательным к другим

to be impulsive – быть импульсивным

to make selfless decisions – принимать бескорыстные решения

to put others first – ставить других на первое место

to think before acting – думать, прежде чем действовать

to have a strong sense of duty – иметь сильное чувство долга

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

to be selfish

to be loyal

to be reliable

to act on instinct

to be stubborn

to help someone in need

to take risks

to be considerate

a) быть преданным

b) рисковать

c) быть эгоистичным

d) думать, прежде чем действовать

e) быть внимательным к другим

f) быть надежным

g) помогать кому-то в беде

h) быть упрямым

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to be selfish, to be loyal, to face danger without hesitation, to help someone in need, to be stubborn, to take risks, to be brave, to make selfless decisions, to put others first

John is always willing __________, even if it means putting himself in danger.

He is known __________, and his friends can always rely on him when they need support.

Although he can be a little __________, his friends appreciate his honesty.

Sarah was the first to __________ when her friend fell and hurt herself.

Mark doesn’t like to listen to others’ advice because he is too __________.

Despite the danger, Thomas decided __________ to save the village.

Emma shows how much she cares by always __________, no matter what the situation is.

Jane’s __________ made her a natural leader, and everyone trusted her decisions.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How would you describe John’s personality based on the story?

Why is John’s stubbornness both a strength and a weakness?

How does bravery affect a character’s role in the story?

Why is loyalty an important trait for a character?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – c

2 – a

3 – f

4 – d

5 – h

6 – g

7 – b

8 – e

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

to face danger without hesitation

to be loyal

to be stubborn

to help someone in need

to be stubborn

to take risks

to put others first

to be brave

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How would you describe John’s personality based on the story?

John is brave, loyal, and reliable, but also stubborn. He is willing to help his friends no matter the danger, but his stubbornness sometimes causes him problems.

Why is John’s stubbornness both a strength and a weakness?

John’s stubbornness is a strength because it shows his determination and loyalty, but it is also a weakness because it prevents him from listening to advice and can lead him into difficult situations.

How does bravery affect a character’s role in the story?

Bravery often places a character in situations where they must overcome challenges or face danger. It makes the character admirable and can inspire others, but it can also lead them into perilous situations.

Why is loyalty an important trait for a character?

Loyalty is important because it builds trust between characters and strengthens their relationships. A loyal character is someone you can rely on, which is crucial for developing deep and meaningful connections in the story.

Describing a Person’s Personality

1. Story

Every person has a unique personality that is made up of many different traits. These traits shape how they think, feel, and act. When we talk about someone’s personality, we often describe their behavior, how they react to situations, and how they interact with others.

For example, a person can be described as kind-hearted if they are always ready to help others. They may also be described as honest if they always tell the truth, or generous if they give freely of their time or resources. On the other hand, a person who only thinks about themselves may be called selfish or egotistical.

Personality traits can be both positive and negative. Positive traits are those that make a person pleasant to be around, like friendly, polite, or optimistic. Negative traits may include being rude, irritable, or lazy. Sometimes, people are a combination of both: someone might be generally kind, but also stubborn or impatient.

Let’s take a look at how we could describe a person named Alex. Alex is a warm-hearted person who always takes time to listen to his friends. He is responsible and never fails to meet his commitments. However, he can be a bit impulsive, acting before thinking, which sometimes leads him into difficult situations. Despite this, his sense of humor and optimism make him popular among his friends.

Alex’s loyalty to his family and friends is one of his best qualities. He always supports the people he cares about, even when times are tough. However, his short temper can cause problems, especially when things don’t go as planned.

In the end, Alex is a person who tries his best to be good to others, but his personality has both strengths and flaws, just like any real person.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to be kind-hearted – быть добрым

to be honest – быть честным

to be selfish – быть эгоистичным

to be generous – быть щедрым

to be friendly – быть дружелюбным

to be polite – быть вежливым

to be optimistic – быть оптимистом

to be rude – быть грубым

to be irritable – быть раздражительным

to be lazy – быть ленивым

to be warm-hearted – быть тёплым, добрым

to be responsible – быть ответственным

to be impulsive – быть импульсивным

to be stubborn – быть упрямым

to have a short temper – иметь короткий темперамент

to be loyal – быть преданным

to be supportive – быть поддерживающим

to have a good sense of humor – иметь хорошее чувство юмора

to be hard-working – быть трудолюбивым

to be caring – быть заботливым

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

to be generous

to be selfish

to have a short temper

to be optimistic

to be responsible

to be impulsive

to be kind-hearted

to be stubborn

a) быть щедрым

b) быть эгоистичным

c) иметь короткий темперамент

d) быть оптимистом

e) быть ответственным

f) быть импульсивным

g) быть добрым

h) быть упрямым

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to be generous, to have a good sense of humor, to be selfish, to be responsible, to be loyal, to be irritable, to be optimistic, to be caring, to have a short temper

Sarah is always there for her friends; she is very __________ and will drop everything to help them.

Paul tends to react quickly when things don’t go his way. He __________ when he is frustrated.

James is always ready to help others, and he is known for being __________ with his time and money.

Maria tries to stay positive no matter the situation. She is very __________.

Anna is always ready to take charge of a situation. She is very __________ and can always be counted on.

Tom can be very __________, especially when he’s hungry or tired.

Mark has a great sense of humor, and his friends love him for it. He __________ and can make anyone laugh.

Linda never gives up on her friends. She is very __________ and will always support them no matter what.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How would you describe a person who is always ready to help others?

Why is being loyal an important trait for a person?

What are some positive traits that make a person pleasant to be around?

How can negative traits like being irritable or selfish affect relationships?

Can a person be a mix of both positive and negative traits? Give an example.

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – a

2 – b

3 – c

4 – d

5 – e

6 – f

7 – g

8 – h

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

caring

has a short temper

generous

optimistic

responsible

irritable

has a good sense of humor

loyal

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How would you describe a person who is always ready to help others?

A person who is always ready to help others is often described as caring, generous, and supportive. They are selfless and willing to sacrifice their own time and resources to help those in need.

Why is being loyal an important trait for a person?

Loyalty is important because it creates trust and strong, lasting relationships. A loyal person is reliable and dependable, and others can count on them in times of need or difficulty.

What are some positive traits that make a person pleasant to be around?

Positive traits like kindness, honesty, friendliness, optimism, and a good sense of humor make a person pleasant to be around. These traits help build positive connections with others and make interactions enjoyable.

How can negative traits like being irritable or selfish affect relationships?

Negative traits like irritability or selfishness can lead to conflicts and misunderstandings in relationships. An irritable person might snap at others, causing tension, while a selfish person may neglect the needs of others, leading to feelings of frustration and resentment.

Can a person be a mix of both positive and negative traits? Give an example.

Yes, a person can have both positive and negative traits. For example, someone might be generally kind and helpful but also stubborn at times. Their kindness may make them a good friend, but their stubbornness could cause problems when they refuse to listen to advice.

Describing the Character of Eugene Onegin

1. Story

Eugene Onegin, the protagonist of Alexander Pushkin’s novel in verse Eugene Onegin, is often regarded as one of the most complex characters in Russian literature. He is a young man who, despite his external attractiveness, wealth, and education, struggles with inner dissatisfaction and a sense of purposelessness.

At first glance, Onegin appears to be the ideal romantic hero: handsome, educated, and a gentleman by social standards. However, his personality reveals a deeper, more conflicted nature. He is cold, indifferent, and often bored by the world around him. Onegin is cynical and disillusioned with society, finding little joy in the people he meets or the things he does.

Despite his initial charm and grace, Onegin’s character shows a lack of real passion or interest in life. He is described as apathetic and alienated, preferring to engage in superficial activities rather than developing deep emotional connections. His apathy becomes especially clear when he rejects the love of Tatiana, a kind, sincere girl who falls deeply in love with him. Instead of appreciating her feelings, Onegin mocks her, thinking of her affection as naive and misplaced. This decision sets off a chain of events that ultimately leads to Onegin’s own downfall.

Onegin’s character is also marked by his pride and arrogance. He believes himself to be above the common people and is dismissive of their values. His pride prevents him from forming genuine relationships and blinds him to the importance of emotional connections. His sense of superiority also contributes to his failure to recognize his own flaws until it is too late.

However, despite his many flaws, Onegin is not entirely devoid of redeeming qualities. He is intelligent, charming, and capable of deep reflection. Over time, Onegin begins to understand the consequences of his actions and regrets how he treated those who cared for him. This recognition of his own faults, as well as his growing loneliness, is one of the key developments in his character arc.

In the end, Onegin’s tragic flaw is his inability to connect emotionally with the people around him, leading him to squander opportunities for happiness. His journey reflects the conflict between the romantic ideal and the harsh realities of life, making him a timeless and relatable character.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to be indifferent – быть равнодушным

to be cynical – быть циничным

to be disillusioned – быть разочарованным

to be apathetic – быть апатичным

to be alienated – быть отчужденным

to be cold-hearted – быть холодным

to be proud – быть гордым

to be arrogant – быть высокомерным

to be superficial – быть поверхностным

to reject someone’s love – отвергать чью-то любовь

to be emotionally distant – быть эмоционально отчужденным

to be lonely – быть одиноким

to have a sense of superiority – иметь чувство превосходства

to have deep reflection – иметь глубокие размышления

to recognize one’s mistakes – признать свои ошибки

to be capable of change – быть способным измениться

to have a tragic flaw – иметь трагический недостаток

to reflect on one’s actions – размышлять о своих поступках

to be introspective – быть самоанализирующим

3. Exercises

Exercise 1: Matching

Match the English phrases with their Russian translations.

to be emotionally distant

to be apathetic

to recognize one’s mistakes

to be lonely

to be arrogant

to reject someone’s love

to be introspective

to have a sense of superiority

a) быть одиноким

b) быть высокомерным

c) отвергать чью-то любовь

d) быть апатичным

e) признать свои ошибки

f) быть эмоционально отчужденным

g) быть самоанализирующим

h) иметь чувство превосходства

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

Complete the sentences using the words and phrases from the box.

Box:

to be proud, to be cynical, to have deep reflection, to be lonely, to be emotionally distant, to recognize one’s mistakes, to reject someone’s love, to be arrogant, to be apathetic

Onegin often felt __________ because he could not find any joy in his interactions with others.

His __________ attitude towards life made him reject the sincere love of Tatiana.

Over time, Onegin began __________ about his past actions and realized that he had made some serious mistakes.

Despite his intelligence, Onegin was often __________, preferring to remain detached and uninterested in those around him.

His __________ prevented him from ever truly connecting with others or building lasting relationships.

Onegin’s __________ led to his downfall, as he lost the chance to be happy with Tatiana.

He was often __________, thinking that he was better than everyone else.

Onegin’s __________ caused him to ignore the feelings of others, leading to many missed opportunities.

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

Answer the questions using full sentences.

How would you describe Eugene Onegin’s personality?

What are some of the flaws in Onegin’s character? How do they affect his life?

Why does Onegin reject Tatiana’s love? How does this decision impact him later on?

Do you think Onegin is capable of change? Why or why not?

In your opinion, what is Onegin’s most tragic flaw?

4. Answers

Exercise 1: Matching

1 – f

2 – d

3 – e

4 – a

5 – b

6 – c

7 – g

8 – h

Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks

lonely

cynical

deep reflection

emotionally distant

apathetic

to reject someone’s love

arrogant

to recognize one’s mistakes

Exercise 3: Answer the questions

How would you describe Eugene Onegin’s personality?

Eugene Onegin is a complex and conflicted character. He is intelligent, charming, and educated, but he is also emotionally distant, arrogant, and cynical. He lacks passion for life and is often bored and disillusioned by the world around him.

What are some of the flaws in Onegin’s character? How do they affect his life?

Onegin’s main flaws are his emotional distance, arrogance, and cynicism. These traits cause him to reject genuine love and relationships, leaving him isolated and ultimately lonely. His pride and lack of empathy prevent him from connecting with others, leading to missed opportunities for happiness.

Why does Onegin reject Tatiana’s love? How does this decision impact him later on?

Onegin rejects Tatiana’s love because he believes she is naive and unworthy of his attention. He is uninterested in deep emotional connections and sees her feelings as childish. Later, when Onegin realizes that he truly loves Tatiana, it is too late, and she is already married to someone else.

Do you think Onegin is capable of change? Why or why not?

Onegin is capable of change, as we see towards the end of the novel. He begins to recognize his mistakes and regrets his treatment of others, particularly Tatiana. However, his emotional growth comes too late to undo the damage he has done.

In your opinion, what is Onegin’s most tragic flaw?

Onegin’s most tragic flaw is his inability to form deep emotional connections with others. His pride and cynicism prevent him from recognizing the value of love and friendship until it is too late, leading to his ultimate loneliness and regret.

Leisure and Hobbies of Modern Teenagers

1. Story

Max is a typical modern teenager. Like most of his friends, he spends a lot of time online, but he also enjoys some offline activities. Max is passionate about video games. Every day after school, he plays his favorite games for a couple of hours. His favorite games are strategy games because they require him to think and plan ahead. Sometimes, he even competes in online tournaments. He is proud of his skills and loves talking about his gaming achievements with his friends.

Apart from gaming, Max has another hobby – photography. He likes to capture beautiful moments in nature, like sunsets or scenes from the park. On weekends, he often takes his camera and goes for walks, trying to take interesting shots. Max enjoys experimenting with different angles and lighting, and he dreams of becoming a professional photographer one day.

Max also loves to watch movies. He is a big fan of action films and science fiction, but recently, he has started watching documentaries too. He finds them interesting because they help him learn about the world and understand complex topics. Sometimes he talks about the films he has seen with his friends, and they share their thoughts about them.

In addition to these hobbies, Max likes to stay active. He enjoys playing basketball with his friends at school. It’s not just about the sport; he also enjoys the social aspect of it. They often play after school, and it’s a great way for Max to stay fit and have fun with his friends.

While Max has many different hobbies, he knows how to balance his time. He spends enough time playing games, but he also makes sure to spend time outdoors, meet with friends, and learn new things. Max believes that having a variety of interests makes his life more exciting and helps him grow as a person.

2. Useful Phrases and Expressions

to be passionate about something – увлекаться чем-то

to spend time doing something – проводить время за чем-то

to compete in tournaments – участвовать в турнирах

to be proud of something – гордиться чем-то

to capture moments – запечатлеть моменты

to experiment with something – экспериментировать с чем-то