   .       
 


 
      .      ,         . .        ,           .          XVI      XIX,      .        ?    ?          ?      ,       ,    .      ,     ,  .





 

   .       



  .  :   ,  . . ;   ,  . .;    . .



       . 1665. Digital Library Collections of Columbia University.



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* * *







    .        ,     .       ,      .         ,     , ,   ..           .      ,    ,        .

         .    ,    ,    ,    .      . Homo Politicus!      . Homo Sapiens!      . Homo Ludens!      ո. Homo WhatsAppiens!       .

   ,     . ,           .    ,         .      .        ,   , ,   ,       (,    .).    ,     :          ,         ,         ,     ,          ,         ..

    (-),          ,   1977  .        ,     ;   ,    ;    ,       ,  .   ,        ,     .       X (1283).

           ,     ,       XX? ,   ,    ,          ,       . ,         ,          , ,     .   ,    ,  2024 44%         ; 25%      ;  19%     ;  11%  ,        [1 -    // . 15.11.2024. https://incrussia.ru/news/rossiyane-stali-chashhe-igrat-v-2024-godu-prodazhi-nastolnyh-igr-vyrosli-na-11/.].   ,      ,      [2 -  24:      26 //  24. 03.05.2024. https://www.m24.ru/shows1/166/688853.].

,       ,    ,             , , ,         .    ,           ,        .        ,       .       ,   : , , , , , , ,   .       , ,    ,           .

   ,       .     ,        .         Xbox:   [3 - HalterE. From Sun Tzu to Xbox: War and Video Games. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2006.]  , ,           .                        .

    ,       ,              .         ,        .          .                   ! (Gazdlkodj okosan!).            [4 - . : Pav?icZ. Remembering Yugoslavia: Board Game Monopoly and Cultural Memory// Board Game Studies Journal. 2020. Vol.14. Is. 1. sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bgs20200006.].          -.

             XXI.  ,             ,               ,  -     [5 - MaloneE. A. Use of Playing Cards to Communicate Technical and Scientific Information// Technical Communication. 2008. Vol.55. 1. P.4960.].

     ,  ,          ,     .   .:     ,     ,       [6 - DaviesG. Rules Britannia: Board Games, Britain, and the World, c.17591860. PhDThesis. University of Exeter, 2023. P.23.].     ,   ,         .        :          , ,   ,               [7 - Ibid. P.24.].

        ,       .      ,   ,      .             (1680),       .          : 1)     2)   ,   ,       3)       ,   ,  ,     ,       4)    ,     .                  ,        5)       .     ,             6)          7)      ,   , , ,   ,         ,    . 8)    ,     .          ,    ,        ?.. 9)         .           10)      ()    .    ,        养[8 - A Letter from a minister to his friend concerning the game of chesse. London: Thomas Parkhurst, 26 April 1680// Early English Books Online. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A48023.0001.001/1:1?rgn=div1;view=fulltext.]

           ,          ,   .             :      2020         [9 - BurkeP. Play in Renaissance Italy. John Wiley & Sons Limited, 2021.].

            ,     ,              , , -  ..       ,      , , , , ,       .      ,            .   ,  ,     .      ,  tables games ,   ,    ; table games  ,        (-, ,   .); board game  ,         ,       ,    .    ,        ,   tabletop games ,         (   ,  ,    ,   , ,  .).

 ,  ,    ,     XVIIXVIII.      (16351672)     ,  ,     2003.          ,     ,         .     ,    ,      , :   , , ,   .    (tables) :  (doublets), - (ticktack),   (Irish)      (backgammon).   , ,   . ,        ,       ,   ,   [10 - BloomG. Gaming the Stage: Playable Media and the Rise of English Commercial Theater. University of Michigan Press, 2018. P.21.].      ,    .         .     ,     ,  ,  ,     ,  ,   .      ,     (game),      :   (game)    , ,   .,      (games of exercise)[11 - Francis Willughby's Book of Games: A Seventeenth-Century Treatise on Sports, Games and Pastimes/ Ed. by D.Cram, J. L.Forgeng. Routledge, 2003. P.93.].






. 1.      (1680)



 1676          :         ,  (trucks),   .           ,      ,  ,      [12 - Cotton Ch. The Compleat Gamester London, 1676. P.232. https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1676.].

    (,  ,   .),    (, -, )    ,       .        ,   ; ,       .

  , -          .       (Of Gaming in General)  :     ,     ;  ,    ,     ,     ;     ,      .      ,              .       ,      ,  ,  [13 - Ibid. P.1.]   ,         ,       .       1754   .

        XVIII.   .  ,   (Game)  ,    .      ,     ; ; ;    [14 - Game/ ADictionary of the English Language, by Samuel Johnson. 1773. https://johnsonsdictionaryonline.com/1773/game_ns.].      ,       ,    .   ,            (pastime),        .

  ,   ,      , : a)       ; )       ; )   ,   .    ,  ,            ,  ,  ,   ,   , ,  ,    ..         ,        , , ,    .

        .  ,   ,       ,  ,    .,     .      ,          ,             ,   .

       ,   2012 -      - giochidelloca,            ; -  ,  ,    ,   , -    .; -     (World of Playing Cards (WOPC)  The Games Board (GARD));       ;        ..

          ,     ,          17601890[15 - HannasL. The English Jigsaw Puzzle, 17601890: with a descriptive check-list of puzzles in the museums of Great Britain and the author's collection. Wayland, 1972.]     [16 - ShefrinJ. Neatly dissected: for the instruction of young ladies and gentlemen in the knowledge of geography: John Spilsbury and early dissected puzzles. Los Angeles: Cotsen Occasional Press, 1999.]; ,   ,  [17 - ChattoW. Facts and speculations on the origin and history of playing cards. London: J. R.Smith, 1848. 411p.],  [18 - HughesW. A descriptive catalogue of playing and other cards in the British Museum, accompanied by a concise general history of the subject and remarks on cards of divination and of a politico-historical character. London: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1876.],  [19 - .   . .:, 2016 [1930].],  [20 - TaylorE. S. The History of Playing Cards, In Conjuring, Fortune Telling & Card Sharping. London: John Camden Hotten; Piccadilly, 1865.]       [21 - WhitehouseF. R. B. Table Games of Georgian and Victorian Days. London: Peter Garnett Ltd, 1951.],  [22 - SevilleA. The Cultural Legacy of the Royal Game of the Goose: 400years of Printed Board Games. Amsterdam University Press, 2019.],  [23 - LimanE. Georgian and Victorian board games: the Liman Collection. New York: Pointed Leaf Press, 2017.],       [24 - .: CatalogueXLII: The Winner Takes it All; CatalogueXLI: The Name of the Game; CatalogueXXXIV: Every Hand's a Winner. https://crouchrarebooks.com/gallery-category/catalogues/.].           ,      .     ,        ,   ,       ,       . ,          ,   ,          .







       .     ,     ,          .   XVII      . ,   ,       ,  ,   ,   XX.

      (Game Studies)       ո   (Homo Ludens),     1938,          :    /   .  ո      ,         - ,      :               ,   ,       ,       [25 - ո. Homo ludens.  / ., . . . . .; . . .. .: -  , 2011. .26.].           ,  ,       -:      ,       -       ,     -  [26 - ո. Homo ludens.  . .39.].    ,     ,      ,    ,    .     .ո  ?

   :       ;    ,     ,        [27 -  . .31.].

 ,    ,    :    ,      [28 -  .].

   ,         :         ,     ;       [29 -  . .32.].

     :        [30 -  . .34.]; ,  ,  , , , ,            ,    , , ,  ,      [31 -  . .35.];           .  ,     [32 -  . .38.].

 19501960-      ,     [33 - ,     ,     (1962),       ,              .],                .      1950   .ո   [34 -   1938   Homo Ludens:      ;  : Homo Ludens:     ;   1950: Homo Ludens:     ;      1997  : Homo Ludens:    ,       .].

 1958          .  :  ,    ,    ,   ,   ,           ,       ,       [35 - P.   ;      / ., . . . . . .. .:, 2007. .3334.].  .ո    ,      ,                . .      ,      : ,       ,   ;   ,     - ,       ,           [36 -  . .44.].

   .    :       ,      ,       [37 - P.   . .47.].                ,         .     .    paidia ,    ,      ,  ludus    ,      .

   ,      ,  ,    .      .ո ( ,   -,  ,   )     (      )    (    ,    ,         [38 -  . .49.]).

.,      ,   ,                       .   1955       (A Theory of Play and Fantasy)      ,       : 1. (play)                . 2.           [39 - BatesonG. A theory of play and fantasy// Psychiatric Research Reports. 1955. 2. P.3951.].

      (1959)       .     (game)   (play)    ,        ,   .          (amusement),     : ,    ,      [40 - Roberts J. M., Arth M. J., Bush R. R. Games in Culture// American Anthropologist. Vol.61. Is. 4. 1959. P.597605.].

 1965  ,           ,            1940-   . .         .

  1980-                  (Les jeux ?laRenaissance)[41 - Les jeux ? la Renaissance. actes du XXIIIe Colloque international d'tudes humanists/ Eds Ph. Ari?s, J.-C.Margolin. Tours, juillet 1980 (1982).],            .  1984      (Journal for the History of Sport), 1988     (Studies in Dance History).  1987    (The Benetton Foundation),    ,  1994   .      (Ludica. Annals of the history and culture of games).

         .  2021         ,        .  ,       (play)             ,        , ,      .

 ,       ,         game studies,          .

  2010-  ,     ,   ,          ,    : , 1998   Board Game Studies Journal (        [42 - Board Game Studies Journal. https://sciendo.com/journal/BGS?content-tab=how-to-submit#journal-info-bar.]).

  2008   : 15401760 . .      ,   ,  : ,  ,      ,    ,            , ,  .

 ,    XVIII       ,   , gambling,       (gaming),        ,        .    (gamester)        ,   ,   ,             .

  . .       ,    ,    .          - ,     ,            ,       ,      .          , ,   -  ,   ,      ,     :    ,   -             [43 - TosneyN. B. Gaming in England, c.15401760. PhD Thesis. University of York, 2008.].

 2010-         ,      ,    .  2015          ,           XIIXVI[44 - Games and Gaming in Medieval Literature/ Ed. by S.Patterson. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.].  2017         :  ,  ,  [45 - Playthings in Early Modernity: Party Games, Word Games, Mind Games/ Ed. by A.Levy. Medieval Institute Publications, 2017.].     ,     (Playthings)    ,   ,   (play)      (pastime),  ,       ,   [46 - Ibid. P.1.].  ,     : ,    ,    ,  ,  , ,   ,   ,   ,  ,    [47 - Playthings in Early Modernity P.1.].                 (ludic) .

Ѡ2019  2023           (Cultures of Play)[48 - Cultures of Play. https://www.degruyter.com/serial/aupcupl-b/html.].     . '          XVIXVII       ,        ,      [49 - Games and Game Playing in European Art and Literature, 1617


 Centuries/ Ed. R. O'Bryan. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019.].

        :         [50 - Games and War in Early Modern English Literature: From Shakespeare to Swift/ Ed. by N. H.Faith, J.Daems. Amsterdam University Press, 2019.],       ,        ,   ,   (play)       (games)     ,                  [51 - Games and Theatre in Shakespeare's England/ Ed. by T.Bishop, G.Bloom, E.Lin. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021.].

               (2020)[52 - Games and Visual Culture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance/ Ed. V.Kopp & E.Lapina (Studies in the History of Daily Life (8001600)). Turnhout: Brepols, 2020.],             ,   .,      .   ,           ,     ,   , ,   ..

            .        (2018).      ,            .         ,              , ,             .               ,          .        ,      :            ,     [53 - BloomG. Gaming the Stage P.57.].   . ,    ,    .           ,   .           ,           .

      -   [54 - SuttonJ. Batting, Habit and Memory: The Embodied Mind and the Nature of Skill// Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics. 2007. 10(5). P.763786.],         ,  ,    .       ,      .           ,      -        .

      ,        .                         .         ,     ,     :     ,  ,     ,        ,         ,  ,              [55 - BloomG. Gaming the Stage P.25.].

,           ,   :           ,     ,     , ,    ,     ,    ,         [56 - Ibid. P.61.].  , .                 .

        ,       .              .

           :     ()  [57 - FrascaG. Ludology Meets Narratology. Similitude and Differences between (Video)games and Narrative. http://www.ludology.org/articles/ludology.htm.]                    ,       .          ,           .        .         : <> ,        ,      .   ,     ,   ,      [58 - Ibid. (AarsethE. Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1997.)].

         .           :     ( ludus, .)      ,     [59 - Ibid.].

    .   ,         ,           [60 - .: PearceC. Theory Wars: an Argument Against Argument in the So-Called Ludology/Narratology Debate// Proceedings of the 2005 DIGRA International Conference. Changing Views: Worlds in Play. 2005. Vol.3. http://www.digra.org/digital-library/publications/theo-ry-wars-an-argument-against-arguments-in-the-so-called-ludologynar-ratology-debate/; JuulJ. Games Telling Stories? A Brief Note on Games and Narratives// Game Studies. Vol.1. 1. 2001. www.gamestudies.org/0101/juul-gts; RyanM.-L. Ludology vs. Narratology? Acritical investigation of the aesthetic properties of digital media// Web-Based Seminar Contents for the Course Offered at the IT University of Copenhagen, October 14, 2002. http://www.itu.dk/Internet/research/phd/cours-es/Courses2002/LudologyvsNarratology/.].

.         :   ,    [61 - FrascaG. Ludologists Love Stories, Too: Notes from a Debate that Never Took Place// Proceedings of the 2003 DIGRA International Conference: Level Up. 2014. Vol.2. P.9299. https://dl.digra.org/index.php/dl/article/view/64/64.].  ,                               .    ,   ,      .,    1982[62 - Ibid. P.93.].            1999,      .   ,          ,      .   ,   ,     game studies:      ,       [63 - Ibid.].

 ,        ,   ,         .   .       ,         .    ,       ,             [64 - Ibid. P.94.].

           .        ,     :           ,     ,  ,       ,      ,    [65 - Ibid.].

,        XXI   ,         .    .    2007  .   ,   [66 - FrascaG. Play the Message: Play, Game and Videogame Rhetoric/ Ph. D. Dissertation. IT University of Copenhagen. Denmark. 2007. https://ludology.typepad.com/weblog/2011/03/frascaplaythemessage.html.].          ,   ,        .     ,      , ,    ,       .             ;       ,   ;    ,     ;          .

  ,      ,  , ,  ()    ,           ,      ,    .       -        ,         .       ,         .   ,            .

 ,     ,    2023   .     [67 - SevilleA., DepaulisT., BekkeringG. H. Playing with Maps: Cartographic Games in Western Culture. BRILL, 2023.].      ( ,  , )   , ,   ,         ,  ,      ,          .        .       XV,        XVI;            XVI,         XVII,      XVIII[68 -     ,     3.].          ,           , , ,   .

         :  ,   , 17591860[69 - DaviesG. Rules Britannia]. .      ,     ,           .  ,   ,                    XIX,    ?[70 - Ibid. P.15.].              .  ,         ,   ,  /   ;          ;          [71 - Ibid.].

  .     .  ,       ,      ,         .       ,         ,      / , ,      ,   ,          [72 - Ibid. P.41.].

       (, ,   )       XVIII,          .   ,         -      .          ,          .           ,             ,   .   ,       ,            .

        ,   ,        ,                ,    2019[73 - ParlakO. F. The Image of the Turk in Early Modern Board Games and Playing Cards. PhD Thesis. Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 2019.].          ,        .  . .   ,     :          ,      ,    ,     [74 - Ibid. P.232.].

         .  ,  ,    :          [75 - DoveJ. Geographical board game: promoting tourism and travel in Georgian England and Wales// Journal of Tourism History. 2016. 8(1). P.118.],   :       XIX[76 - RayR. The Beast in a Box: Playing with Empire in Early Nineteenth-century Britain// Visual Resources. 2006. 22(1). P.731.],  :   , 15901798[77 - BeresinerY. A Fine Hand: Cartographic and map playing cards 15901798// International map collectors' society. 2010. 122. P.1524.],   :         [78 - NorciaM. A. Puzzling Empire: Early Puzzles and Dissected Maps as Imperial Heuristics// Children's Literature. 2009. Vol.37. P.132.] .

    ,         .  2009    ,       :   ,    , 17871876[79 - ShefrinJ. The Dartons: Publishers of Educationa Aids, Pastimes & Juvenile Ephemera, 17871876. Cotsen, 2009.].

               .    [80 - Cultures of Play. https://www.degruyter.com/serial/aupcupl-b/html.],  ,        [81 - AmpolliniI. Jouer avec les sciences. Cartes ? jouer et jeux de socit au regard de l'histoire des savoirs ? l'poque moderne (17501830)/ Post-doc ANR Hastec (20202022).       . .,                XVIII (20222024).].

  ,     ,     [82 - .  .   - . .:  , 2013; . . ,        //  . 2023. 18(2). .553564;  .         XVIII (    )//       . 2023. 231. .725; . .         ,     // . XXI. 2022. 3. .2. .337352; . .           XVIIXVIII.//   .   . 85. .:, 2023. .216231;  .          //    . 2024. 3. .1527.],   ,           .

              .             , ,   ,    .

     ,        : 1)-,       ; 2),        ; 3),      ,  , ,    ; 4),         ; 5),             .

          ,   ,         , ,       .




 1.     


     (sport),      ,      <>   ,  -  ,    ,     ,   ..   (sport)    , -      ,  .

 .  [83 - Cotton Ch. The Compleat Gamester P.141.]

          .     ,       ,          [84 - .   . .201.].           ,       [85 - TosneyN. B. Gaming in England P.79.].      ,   ,  , , ,   .     XIV               (tables).        .             ,    1463     IV         .          ,          , ,   [86 -       .    ,    ,     ,     ,      .           :   , ,   ;   , ,     ..]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=73145173)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes


Notes





1


   // . 15.11.2024. https://incrussia.ru/news/rossiyane-stali-chashhe-igrat-v-2024-godu-prodazhi-nastolnyh-igr-vyrosli-na-11/.




2


 24:      26 //  24. 03.05.2024. https://www.m24.ru/shows1/166/688853.




3


HalterE. From Sun Tzu to Xbox: War and Video Games. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2006.




4


. : Pav?icZ. Remembering Yugoslavia: Board Game Monopoly and Cultural Memory// Board Game Studies Journal. 2020. Vol.14. Is. 1. sciendo.com/article/10.2478/bgs20200006.




5


MaloneE. A. Use of Playing Cards to Communicate Technical and Scientific Information// Technical Communication. 2008. Vol.55. 1. P.4960.




6


DaviesG. Rules Britannia: Board Games, Britain, and the World, c.17591860. PhDThesis. University of Exeter, 2023. P.23.




7


Ibid. P.24.




8


A Letter from a minister to his friend concerning the game of chesse. London: Thomas Parkhurst, 26 April 1680// Early English Books Online. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A48023.0001.001/1:1?rgn=div1;view=fulltext.




9


BurkeP. Play in Renaissance Italy. John Wiley & Sons Limited, 2021.




10


BloomG. Gaming the Stage: Playable Media and the Rise of English Commercial Theater. University of Michigan Press, 2018. P.21.




11


Francis Willughby's Book of Games: A Seventeenth-Century Treatise on Sports, Games and Pastimes/ Ed. by D.Cram, J. L.Forgeng. Routledge, 2003. P.93.




12


Cotton Ch. The Compleat Gamester London, 1676. P.232. https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_the-compleat-gamester-_cotton-charles_1676.




13


Ibid. P.1.




14


Game/ ADictionary of the English Language, by Samuel Johnson. 1773. https://johnsonsdictionaryonline.com/1773/game_ns.




15


HannasL. The English Jigsaw Puzzle, 17601890: with a descriptive check-list of puzzles in the museums of Great Britain and the author's collection. Wayland, 1972.




16


ShefrinJ. Neatly dissected: for the instruction of young ladies and gentlemen in the knowledge of geography: John Spilsbury and early dissected puzzles. Los Angeles: Cotsen Occasional Press, 1999.




17


ChattoW. Facts and speculations on the origin and history of playing cards. London: J. R.Smith, 1848. 411p.




18


HughesW. A descriptive catalogue of playing and other cards in the British Museum, accompanied by a concise general history of the subject and remarks on cards of divination and of a politico-historical character. London: Printed by order of the Trustees, 1876.




19


.   . .:, 2016 [1930].




20


TaylorE. S. The History of Playing Cards, In Conjuring, Fortune Telling & Card Sharping. London: John Camden Hotten; Piccadilly, 1865.




21


WhitehouseF. R. B. Table Games of Georgian and Victorian Days. London: Peter Garnett Ltd, 1951.




22


SevilleA. The Cultural Legacy of the Royal Game of the Goose: 400years of Printed Board Games. Amsterdam University Press, 2019.




23


LimanE. Georgian and Victorian board games: the Liman Collection. New York: Pointed Leaf Press, 2017.




24


.: CatalogueXLII: The Winner Takes it All; CatalogueXLI: The Name of the Game; CatalogueXXXIV: Every Hand's a Winner. https://crouchrarebooks.com/gallery-category/catalogues/.




25


ո. Homo ludens.  / ., . . . . .; . . .. .: -  , 2011. .26.




26


ո. Homo ludens.  . .39.




27


 . .31.




28


 .




29


 . .32.




30


 . .34.




31


 . .35.




32


 . .38.




33


,     ,     (1962),       ,              .




34


  1938   Homo Ludens:      ;  : Homo Ludens:     ;   1950: Homo Ludens:     ;      1997  : Homo Ludens:    ,       .




35


P.   ;      / ., . . . . . .. .:, 2007. .3334.




36


 . .44.




37


P.   . .47.




38


 . .49.




39


BatesonG. A theory of play and fantasy// Psychiatric Research Reports. 1955. 2. P.3951.




40


Roberts J. M., Arth M. J., Bush R. R. Games in Culture// American Anthropologist. Vol.61. Is. 4. 1959. P.597605.




41


Les jeux ? la Renaissance. actes du XXIIIe Colloque international d'tudes humanists/ Eds Ph. Ari?s, J.-C.Margolin. Tours, juillet 1980 (1982).




42


Board Game Studies Journal. https://sciendo.com/journal/BGS?content-tab=how-to-submit#journal-info-bar.




43


TosneyN. B. Gaming in England, c.15401760. PhD Thesis. University of York, 2008.




44


Games and Gaming in Medieval Literature/ Ed. by S.Patterson. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.




45


Playthings in Early Modernity: Party Games, Word Games, Mind Games/ Ed. by A.Levy. Medieval Institute Publications, 2017.




46


Ibid. P.1.




47


Playthings in Early Modernity P.1.




48


Cultures of Play. https://www.degruyter.com/serial/aupcupl-b/html.




49


Games and Game Playing in European Art and Literature, 1617


 Centuries/ Ed. R. O'Bryan. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019.




50


Games and War in Early Modern English Literature: From Shakespeare to Swift/ Ed. by N. H.Faith, J.Daems. Amsterdam University Press, 2019.




51


Games and Theatre in Shakespeare's England/ Ed. by T.Bishop, G.Bloom, E.Lin. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021.




52


Games and Visual Culture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance/ Ed. V.Kopp & E.Lapina (Studies in the History of Daily Life (8001600)). Turnhout: Brepols, 2020.




53


BloomG. Gaming the Stage P.57.




54


SuttonJ. Batting, Habit and Memory: The Embodied Mind and the Nature of Skill// Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics. 2007. 10(5). P.763786.




55


BloomG. Gaming the Stage P.25.




56


Ibid. P.61.




57


FrascaG. Ludology Meets Narratology. Similitude and Differences between (Video)games and Narrative. http://www.ludology.org/articles/ludology.htm.




58


Ibid. (AarsethE. Cybertext: Perspectives on Ergodic Literature. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press, 1997.)




59


Ibid.




60


.: PearceC. Theory Wars: an Argument Against Argument in the So-Called Ludology/Narratology Debate// Proceedings of the 2005 DIGRA International Conference. Changing Views: Worlds in Play. 2005. Vol.3. http://www.digra.org/digital-library/publications/theo-ry-wars-an-argument-against-arguments-in-the-so-called-ludologynar-ratology-debate/; JuulJ. Games Telling Stories? A Brief Note on Games and Narratives// Game Studies. Vol.1. 1. 2001. www.gamestudies.org/0101/juul-gts; RyanM.-L. Ludology vs. Narratology? Acritical investigation of the aesthetic properties of digital media// Web-Based Seminar Contents for the Course Offered at the IT University of Copenhagen, October 14, 2002. http://www.itu.dk/Internet/research/phd/cours-es/Courses2002/LudologyvsNarratology/.




61


FrascaG. Ludologists Love Stories, Too: Notes from a Debate that Never Took Place// Proceedings of the 2003 DIGRA International Conference: Level Up. 2014. Vol.2. P.9299. https://dl.digra.org/index.php/dl/article/view/64/64.




62


Ibid. P.93.




63


Ibid.




64


Ibid. P.94.




65


Ibid.




66


FrascaG. Play the Message: Play, Game and Videogame Rhetoric/ Ph. D. Dissertation. IT University of Copenhagen. Denmark. 2007. https://ludology.typepad.com/weblog/2011/03/frascaplaythemessage.html.




67


SevilleA., DepaulisT., BekkeringG. H. Playing with Maps: Cartographic Games in Western Culture. BRILL, 2023.




68


    ,     3.




69


DaviesG. Rules Britannia




70


Ibid. P.15.




71


Ibid.




72


Ibid. P.41.




73


ParlakO. F. The Image of the Turk in Early Modern Board Games and Playing Cards. PhD Thesis. Barcelona: Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 2019.




74


Ibid. P.232.




75


DoveJ. Geographical board game: promoting tourism and travel in Georgian England and Wales// Journal of Tourism History. 2016. 8(1). P.118.




76


RayR. The Beast in a Box: Playing with Empire in Early Nineteenth-century Britain// Visual Resources. 2006. 22(1). P.731.




77


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