 Toyota: 14     
 


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 Toyota: 14     



   (   436-  29.12.2010 .)








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 2021 by Jeffrey K. Liker

    , .    , 2025


* * *







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PhD,  Toyota Research Institute-Advanced Development     Toyota



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 ,  18-      ,   Toyota,   ,      ,     . ,      ,   ,       Toyota  .   .     Toyota   ,      ,    .    Toyota / General Motors   ( )  NUMMI (New United Motor Manufacturing, Inc.)    ,     General Motors     .         ,     Toyota.          :  ,    .       ,     ,   . ,       Toyota (TPS),  ,          ,         Toyota.

 Toyota     -    蠖 ,      .     ,            .  Toyota          ,   .           .

 Toyota     :      .  ,    ,    Toyota   ࠖ   .          ,       .    ,   ,  ,     ,      .      ,     ,     Toyota.      ,            .                 .  ,          ⠖          .     ,   ,   ,        ,          .            .   , Toyota        .

     ,         .  Toyota    ,      . Toyota      .  ,       ,    Toyota   . ,        ,        .



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   Toyota     Toyota Motor Manufacturing, , 







    Toyota   20-  .         Japan Technology Management Program     -.      1991 .       US Air Force Office of Scientific Research.    ,      ,    .         ,           .         ,       .            ,    Toyota,     ,   , .     15       ,         ,      ,         .

Toyota          .       1982 .   General Motors.     Toyota       C           NUMMI  ,         Toyota.   ,   TPS  ,      Toyota Production System Support Center (TSSC)  1992 .        Toyota          .     ,          ,       .

      Toyota     .   ,      ,     (    ,   )    .        -     .  ,       ,      .      ,         Toyota,  .     .


TOYOTA

  .

?  , , ,     ,      ,  .         ?

?  ,      ,       ,    ,        Toyota  ,     (,      ).

?  ,       TPS,               ?     .

?  ,    OMCD,     Toka Rika,  Toyota,        TPS.

?  ,          Toyota Technical Center,       .

?  ,  - Toyota Motor Manufacturing, North America,          Toyota        ,         .

?  , - Toyota Motor Manufacturing, North America,       TPS   .

?  , -  Toyota Motor Sales,         Toyota.

?  Ҹ,  Toyota Motor Company,       Toyota.

?  ,  Toyota Motor Manufacturing,  ,         Toyota        .

?  () ,     Toyota Motor North America,       Toyota   .

?  ,  -      Toyota Motor Sales, USA,       Toyota.

?  , - ,  , Toyota Motor Sales, USA,   ,    Toyota    .

?  () ,  Toyota Technical Center, USA,               (.        ).

?  () ,   Toyota Technical Center,           Toyota .

?  , - Toyota Technical Center,          Toyota,      ,     .

?  , - Toyota Technical Center,        ,          Toyota.

?  ,  - Toyota Motor North America,      NUMMI         Toyota    .

?  ,   Snell and Wilmer,          Toyota        .

?  , -    Toyota Motor Manufacturing,  ,    ,          .

?  ,   ,        Toyota Motor Manufacturing, North America,    ,  ,  Toyota,     TPS,          ,     ,      .

?  ,   Toyota Motor Manufacturing, North America,     TPS     ?.

?  , -     Trim Masters,        , ,         Trim Masters,        Toyota  .

?  ,  Trim Masters,   ,        Toyota  .

?  ,     Lexus   -,       ,       .

?  ,         Prius,  ,    -   (Prius)     .

?  ,    -, North American Parts Operations,    Toyota     ,    .

?  ,   Service Parts Center,         Toyota      .

?  ,   Sienna  Toyota Technical Center,       Toyota       ,   .

?  , - Toyota Technical Center,           Toyota,          .

?  , - Toyota Technical Center,            .

?  ,  Toyota Motor Manufacturing, Canada,  ,     TPS     .

?  , PhD,   Toyota Research Institute     Toyota,         (. ),       Toyota    ,           .

?  , PhD,   Toyota Research Institute-Advanced Development     Toyota,    ,        ,           Toyota.

?  ,       , Toyota Motor North America,       .           , Toyota Under Fire.


TOYOTA MOTOR UNITED KINGDOM (TMUK)

            .

?  ,  -  , Toyota Motor Europe,     ,      TMUK,        Toyota     .

?  ,  ,    ,    (,        ).

?  ,     ,         .

?  ,    ,       .

?  ,      ,      (.     ).

?  ,    ,             .

?  ,     ,  ,    Floor Management Development System (FMDS)   ,      .

?  ,     ,          FMDS.


SIGMAPOINT TECHNOLOGIES

     .

?  , 

?  , -    

?  ,    


HERMAN MILLER

  Toyota Production System Support Center.

?  , -    

?  ,     ,   


ZINGERMAN'S MAIL ORDER

  ,    -  .

?  ,  

?  , 


   

?  , -     , IT, Denso USA

?  , PhD,     Drishti Technologies

?  ,  , Rejmes Bil ( Volvo)

?  , PhD,         Rivian

?  ,  -       Rivian

?  ,  -   , Starbucks Coffee Company

?  ,  Kelda Consulting

?  , - Menlo Innovations

?  ,  -    Honda Motor

       ,   Toyota,       NUMMI, Toyota Technical Center  Toyota Supplier Support Center,     Lean Enterprise Institute.   Toyota       .        ,        Japan Technology Management Program.          Toyota.      ,       ,        Toyota.             .

   ,  ,                .    TPS         (,   )   .   ,    Toyota    .  ,          ,   .        ,         ,           Toyota.   -   ,        ,  .              .       ,   :     ,        ( 1214   ). , !

          ,            Toyota,         .  ,         ,             Toyota.   ,    ,     Toyota,     Liker Lean Advisors,           .               .

        2003 .,           ,      ,      ,        .       蠖                .   ,       頖        ,    .

        Toyota,        .  ,         ()         Sloan Foundation's Trucking Industry Program,        .

 ,    ,     .  -    ,          .            ,       .    ,    . -    ,   ,  ,    Toyota,   ,   .      ,    .         McGraw-Hill.         .       ,    .              .       .            ,       Typewriting.

  , ,   ,         蠖 ,   .






    




 ,       ,  , , ,    ,    ,        .    : ,     ,  -  ,  .

 ,
  Finding Our Way: Leadership for an Uncertain Time


:       

      ,       Toyota   . TPS   ,      .        ,  , , , ,  ,     ,    .  ,        TPS     ,         ,       , ,                .

  ,          .           .       .  ,  ,    ,        .  ,         , ,     .        .       , ,          .

         .        ,            ,       (,   ,       ,  ). -         .  -,     ,  ,   ,        ,     .          ,       ,           .

   ,           ,      Toyota  ,           TPS,    ? (   Toyota).       ,            .         TPS, -    ,    : ,   .  Toyota     ⠖ ,       ,       ,     蠖            TPS   ,     .           TPS      .

    -   :   ,     ?     ,  ,       ?          ?

  ,     .     Toyota  .            . Toyota         ,    ,   .           ,   ,     .            ,     (  [1 -      ,      ,      .               http://artoflean.com/index.php/ 2016/03/25/is-it-genba-or-gemba/.]),   ,    .

  :         TPS,   ,     ,     .             TPS      ,        ,       .  ,      -        .

 - .         . ,        .  -    ,   Toyota     TPS  .         ,           ,    ,      .       ,       ,           .               ,          .  ,  ,     ,       TPS,  ,     .

  ,  -         ,     ,        .         ,    .   ,  Toyota  ,                .          .   ⠖             .

       ,   ,  ,  , ,   .       ,     ,   ,    ,       .     ,       .      .       -       .     .            ,    ,     .        ,   ,           ,    ,    .

    .            ?   ?  ,   Toyota   ,          ?       ,      ?            ?       ,   Toyota,        ?   Toyota          ?

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1.         ,     .

2.         .

3. Toyota   ,     ( )            .

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6. Toyota      ,      .

7. ,    Toyota       ,     .

          ,      .          ,   ,  Toyota           ,  ,          .

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       ,  ,      ,  Toyota    .     14  (. )       ,           .


   TOYOTA

 Toyota         . ,       .    ,       1940- .         .     :  ,   ⠖                 .     ,        Toyota.       ,      ,    .                   .        ,           蠖     .        ,                .      ,    , ,   ,        (.    Toyota     ).

   Toyota   .   ,       ,  .   ,  Toyota             ,     ?      Ford Motor Company ( ,           Ford      ,   Toyota).   ,  ,   ?  ,         Toyota,   .     . ,     Toyota,   .               , ?  ,      Toyota.

 ?    TPS .   , TPS   ,     ,     .   , ,  ,   .     -            (. .1).     ,  .

        ,       .       ,       .     ,       .  ,     ,    .        .   ࠖ       .  ࠖ      ,  .  ,  Toyota           JIT (. just-in-time  . . .)          ,   .     .       ,     .        ( 2, 3  4)        ( 6).       ,    ,      ( 9, 10  11).






. .1.   Toyota (TPS)



    ,   ,      .      .     軠   ,   .            . ,     ,           ,         .         .     ,    ,   ,           .

         ( 12).   ,      ,     ,    .   ,       .         . ,   ,           .           ,        .

      1991 . ,     ,         ,      [2 -  .,  .,  . ,   . .: , 2007.]:



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     ໠     .               (  )   .      Toyota     -.       ,  Toyota      ,          .    :    ,        ,    ,  ,   .


  TOYOTA       

 ,    ,     ,     ,         .  ,    BusinessDictionary.com,



   (1)   (     ), (2)    (  ,      )  (3)  (        ).       ,     ,            .


    ,       - ,        .  1972 .    General Foods Corporation (         ),    ,        ,       . General Foods           .           ( ).    .           ,      .

 1982 .,         ,       ,  Toyota       ,          ,      General Foods.   Toyota  ,  堖 .

     ,      .       NUMMI,    Toyota  General Motors (,  ).             ,    ,  Toyota           頖  .  ,   Toyota         ,     .    ,   .         .       .    ,            .

     ,                    ( 10),    .      ,       ,         . Toyota     80%   General Motors.      ;        .       .     .  ,       . ,      ,  Toyota         ,       .

       .    ,            .    .      ,   .   ,      ,   ,   .      NUMMI       ,            .  ,  Toyota         .   Time and Motion Regained[3 - Paul S. Adler, Time and Motion Regained, Harvard Business Review, JanuaryFebruary 1993, pp. 97108.]  :



  ,     ,    .  ,          , ,    ,         .  ,  NUMMI ,        ,     .


 ,   MIT,       ,          [4 - J.F. Krafcik, Triumph of the Lean Production System, Sloan Management Review, 30, 1988, 4152.],    ,       NUMMI.



   GM,         ,    NUMMI (   Toyota,      ),      . ,  , :    2100   ,  ,   2100  .



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         ,   -  ,      ?        (    )    -    .            ,        .         .    ,   2019 . ,        ,   ,     ,   ,  ,    , ,    .      . .2.






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   ,          ,      ,     .       .  ,   ,       ,      .       .         .           ,     .

   - ,    ,   ,         .    ,        ,                (     ).          ,        .               .           ,             .   ,         . Toyota, ,      ,           . ,   ,                ,      -.   ,    ,        ,         .           .




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=73112498)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes


Notes





1


     ,      ,      .               http://artoflean.com/index.php/ 2016/03/25/is-it-genba-or-gemba/.




2


 .,  .,  . ,   . .: , 2007.




3


Paul S. Adler, Time and Motion Regained, Harvard Business Review, JanuaryFebruary 1993, pp. 97108.




4


J.F. Krafcik, Triumph of the Lean Production System, Sloan Management Review, 30, 1988, 4152.


