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Geoffrey Roberts. Stalins Library. A Dictator and his Books

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 2022 Geoffrey Roberts

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              ,  .     ,           .        ,     .   1920-           ...  ,          .           ,        ,      .  ,        ,     ,   ,    ,   ,      ,      .       ,         [1 - D.Shepilov, The Kremlins Scholar, Yale University Press: London & New Haven 2014, pp. 23, 6; J.Rubenstein, The Last Days of Stalin, Yale University Press: London & New Haven 2016. Chap. 1.].

  ,         [2 -    (19051995).     (1926), .      19521957 , -    19531959 .     1962-,   1976 .   -     1991 .   ,   ,   .].  19561957       ,    ,          ...    ,       Kremlins scholar ( [3 -        2001    .])   .             [4 -     黠       ,     ,      1957 .].



            ,     .      ,            ,          XX     1956 .         ,          .  ,              .          1980- ,     ,     .     ,      ,    ,    ,        .              -,     .

    ,        .     ,    ,             .   ,         ,     ,     ,         ,     [5 -     ,     .: M.Kun, Stalin: An Unknown Portrait, CEU Press: Budapest 2003 chap. 8.      1921   ,          ,  ,   ,  . (   -  (  ).) . 558. . 4. . 333, . 1.].             ,     ,     .            ,       XVIII ,   ,   ,    1812 . ,            .          , , ,        ,     ,    ,    .

         ,     ,       ,      ,     ,   .   ,    ,     -.

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                ,      ,           .               .     , , ,       .           .            1953    [7 -          XX     1956 .   1951  13        1955 .],              ,       ,            .

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          .  ,      [11 - .,   .],      ,      ,    .      1950-      ,    .

 ,    1920- ,             [12 - S.Fitzpatrick, The Commissariat of Enlightenment: Soviet Organisation of Education and the Arts under Lunacharsky, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge 1970. P. 12.].        ,      ,  ,     ,           .




 1

   



 ,  , ,     .        .      ,   ,     ,          . ,   ,   .

        ,     ,      ,   ,     ,   ,           ,      .          ,       ,  .

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 ,        , ,     ,   [13 - I. Deutscher, Stalin: A Political Biography, 2


 edn., Penguin: Harmondsworth 1966. P. 44.].              ,     .  ,      ,            .  ,                . ,   ,     , , , , , , ,       .

  ,   [14 -      , ,      (19292019).       .   .]  ,   ,      [15 - A.Alvarez, Under Pressure: The Writer in Society: Eastern Europe and the USA, Penguin: London 1965. P. 11.].            ,      컠  ,  ,          ,        -,  ,       ,    [16 - : D.Priestland, Stalin as Bolshevik Romantic: Ideology and Mobilisation, 19171939 : S.Davies & J.Harris (eds.), Stalin: A New History, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge 2005.].     ,    ,     ,                    [17 - E. van Ree, Heroes and Merchants: Stalins Understanding of National Character, Kritika, 8/1 (Winter 2007). P. 62.].          ,       ,      .        , ,       ,     ,    [18 - . : P.Hollander, Political Pilgrims: Western Intellectuals in Search of the Good Society, Transaction Publishers: New Brunswick NJ 1998. P. xxxv.].

  ,    ,             .     ,    ໠     ,    ,  , ,  ,       ,     .         .    ,       ,     .      ,    ,     ,           ,         ,         .     ,    ,       1950-,   ,     ,           .  ,     ,    ,    ,    ,     [19 - , ; , ,   .].

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     ,      ,      ,        ,      .             .        ,         ,        .

     .         ,      ,       ,        ,     ,  .         , , , , , , , , ,   [21 -      ,    , .: I.R.Makaryk, Stalin and Shakespeare : N.Khomenko (ed.), The Shakespeare International Yearbook, . 18, Special Section on Soviet Shakespeare, Routledge: London July 2020. P. 46.         .].

    1924                  ,  ,     .  1930-        ,      ,  ,  ,  ,     .

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notes








1


D.Shepilov, The Kremlins Scholar, Yale University Press: London & New Haven 2014, pp. 23, 6; J.Rubenstein, The Last Days of Stalin, Yale University Press: London & New Haven 2016. Chap. 1.




2


   (19051995).     (1926), .      19521957 , -    19531959 .     1962-,   1976 .   -     1991 .   ,   ,   .




3


       2001    .




4


    黠       ,     ,      1957 .




5


    ,     .: M.Kun, Stalin: An Unknown Portrait, CEU Press: Budapest 2003 chap. 8.      1921   ,          ,  ,   ,  . (   -  (  ).) . 558. . 4. . 333, . 1.




6


D.Rayfield, Stalin and His Hangmen, Viking: London 2004. P. 44.




7


         XX     1956 .   1951  13        1955 .




8


     . . .




9


  . . .




10


      . . .




11


.,   .




12


S.Fitzpatrick, The Commissariat of Enlightenment: Soviet Organisation of Education and the Arts under Lunacharsky, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge 1970. P. 12.




13


I. Deutscher, Stalin: A Political Biography, 2


 edn., Penguin: Harmondsworth 1966. P. 44.




14


     , ,      (19292019).       .   .




15


A.Alvarez, Under Pressure: The Writer in Society: Eastern Europe and the USA, Penguin: London 1965. P. 11.




16


: D.Priestland, Stalin as Bolshevik Romantic: Ideology and Mobilisation, 19171939 : S.Davies & J.Harris (eds.), Stalin: A New History, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge 2005.




17


E. van Ree, Heroes and Merchants: Stalins Understanding of National Character, Kritika, 8/1 (Winter 2007). P. 62.




18


. : P.Hollander, Political Pilgrims: Western Intellectuals in Search of the Good Society, Transaction Publishers: New Brunswick NJ 1998. P. xxxv.




19


, ; , ,   .




20


   ,   ,  ,    .  ,                           .        .    :   -.             ;             .           .




21


     ,    , .: I.R.Makaryk, Stalin and Shakespeare : N.Khomenko (ed.), The Shakespeare International Yearbook, . 18, Special Section on Soviet Shakespeare, Routledge: London July 2020. P. 46.         .


