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      : , , , , .   ,    .  :   ,   ,   .  :   ,   ,  .       , ,  .    ,   ,    ,   .





    ?  



 



 ,2025



ISBN978-5-0068-6223-4

     Ridero




. 


 : , , , , , .       ,    .       .

 :   ,   ,  .      . ,  ,   .

 :   ,  ,  .     , , .    ,  ,   ,   .    ,   .

  ,         .   ,      ,    ,     .

     .      .   .      ,         ,   . ,    ,    .       . ,    ,    .       6




.   



        .  .  蠖    ,   . ,   .    ࠖ    : , , , , , .

   ,      . Ƞ  ,  堖  .  堖     ,  .      ,  ,    ,    .   ,   .




 


,    ,  .     ,     .

     ,   .     ,    .     (, , ),    .   ,    ,       .    ,    .       .     .   ,  ,   .

  .   ,    .    ,  . , ,  蠫廠     . ʠ    ꠖ   .

, ,        .     .        .      ,      .    ,    .. ,     .







  ,  ,     .       .     ,   ,     .   蠖   .

    ?         ,    ,     ,    .

   ,    .




  


  , 堖 ,  .      ,  ,        .    ,  .     -  ,  ,    ,  .       ,    ,  .




Ƞ   


        : 1)    (    ); 2)   (  ,  ); 3)    ( ).




 


  . ࠖ  ,   ..   , ,   .

    .   堖  ,  .  ,  ,   - .    ,    .




, 


  ,   .  ,  ,  .   ,    .   ,  .




  


       .      .  , ,   .    .




  


   ,     , . ,  ,       ,   , .   .




   


  ,     . ,       .    .




 


    . ,    ,   .   ,  .     ,  ,       .




 


 .    ,      .    ⠖  .  -  ?  ,   , .

     . Ƞ .    ,   - .    ,    .  ,    ,    .







      .    .      .







  ,     ,    .   .      ,       .




 1.  





 



  ,   ,     .     ,      .  ,     .    , ,  ,  ,     .        . Ѡ .

              .

      : 1)  ; 2)  堖 , ; 3)   (,    ).

         , 堖  .

{      .   ,   ,   ,     堖    , ,  - .      :  .  - ,     .

,    . Ӡ,    - .      - .   - .     .     .     堖   .    ,    .}

( 1.     ,   .

   ,      ,   -     .   .      , .

   .)

- ( 2.      .     ,    .)

1. [  : ( 3.   ,    .   ,    , ,     ,  .      ..

     .)

 ( 5.    .   .  ,   ,   .     ,     蠫 .     .)

   ( 6.        . : She [] bought [] abook [] yesterday [].)

     .

  (   , , .     2:    . :    .).]




 


2.[     1]




 


3. [     1]

4. [ .   ,     .       .] ( 8.     .   .     .   ꠖ  ,   .)

{    ,   ,    .      .    ,     .     ,      .   ,  렖    ,      ,   ,     .}




堖 



1.[   ]

2. [ .      .   .]

{,   -  - .     ,  -  -   , ࠫ򻠖 .      .

   ,    ,   .  ,        .}

3. [ ,   ,  .    :   -,  -  - ..]

{堖  ,    .    -  , , .     ,   - .     -. , ࠖ   .    ,  ,    .   廠   .}

4. [,     ( 9.      蠖 ,     ).   ,   .]

{   ,      - ,   ,      .    . ,       , ,  .}

5. [ .    .]

{      .    ,     .   , , ,   .     ,   ,   ,     .     ,    ,  .

     .    .      . Ƞ         .          ,  ?         .       ,   .

      .         ,      .

     .

-, ,  ,     .    .

-,    ,   .

-,     ,           .}

6. [    .      : 1)  ; 2) ; 3)   ; 4)   .        to ().      ,  .   ,    .   .            ,   .    .] ( 10.      ,  蠖    , 堖  ,   ,    .)




  


7.[ ,  .       .        :



        ]




 


8.[ ,  .       .        :



        ]




 


9.[     .   ,  ,   .]

{   ,   ,      .

  .      -.  - ,     .    堖     (  ),    堖     (  ).

    .}

10. [  , .     ,   堖   .        :



        ]




 


11.[     .    .]

{    ,    ,       .

    -  -.        .      ,    .}

12. [  ,   .     ,   堖   .        :



        ]




  


13.[     .]

{   ,    . .        .

     ,   .     ,       , , .   -   .

,    ,    .   ,    .    - ,   .       . Ƞ    .}

14. [ ,    ,  ]

15. [ .        :



        ]




  


{       .    -   ,      .}

16. [.       :



        ]




  


17.[.       :



        ]( 11.   ⠖ .   ⠖ .)

18. [   .   ] ( 12.           ,   ,    .)

19. [ .   ,     .       .]

{  ,    .      .     .   ,      ,   .     ,  .}




堖 


1.[   ]

2. [ .   ,     .       .]

{  .  ,   .   ,      .   ,     ,    .}

3. [ ,   ,  .    :   -,  -  - ..]

{       .     ,   .      .         .}

4. [ ,    .   ,   .]

5. [,   . ]

6. [ ,  , .]

7. [ , ]

8. [ ,  . .]

9. [ ]

10. [  ,   ]

11. [ ,   ]

12. [ ,  5 ]

13. [   ]

堖 

14. [,  ,  .  5  .]

15. [ .   ,     .       .]

{  ,  .   ,      .     .       ,    젖 . Ӡ   -  .      ,    .}




堖 



1.[   ]

2. [ .   ,     .       .]

{   ,       .      ,   .     .     .}

3. [ ,   ,  .    :   -,  -  - ..]

{  ,      ,  .      .   .     .}

4. [ ,    .   ,   .]

5. [ ,    ,   .  ,  , ,   . . .]

6. [  ,   ]

7. [   ]

 () 

8. [,   .   ]




堖 


9.[ ,  ,   ]

10. [ .   ,     .       .]

{    . ,     .      .     .}







1.[   ]

2. [ .   ,     .       .]

{  ,  ,    ,  ,   ,    .   ,   .     .}

3. [ ,   ,   .    :   -,  -  - ..]

4. [ ,    .]

5. [  ,  .]

6. [ .   ,     .       .]

{  , ,  .  ,  ,   ,  ,    .   ,      .}







1.[   ]

2. [ .   ,     .       .]

{ ,    .  ,  ,   ,   ,   .   ,    .      .}

3. [ ,   .    :   -,  -  - ..]

4. [ ,    .]

5. [  ,  .]

6. [ .   ,     .       .]

{   .  ,  ,  ,  , ,    .     .   ,      .   .}




 


1.[ .   ,     .       .]

{ 堖   ,  .   ,     .      ,   .}

2. [  ]

3. [   ,   ]

4. [    5]

5. [   ,   ]

6. [ ,  ]




, , 


1.[ .   ,     .       .]

{    ,  ,    ,  .      ,              .     ,    .}

2. [, ,  .      ,  .   ]

3. [, ,  .      ,  .   .   , ,   .]

4. [, ,  .        .   ]




 1.English





 



  ,   ,     .     ,      .  ,     .    , ,  ,  ,     .        . Ѡ .

              .

      : 1)  ; 2)  堖 , ; 3)   (,    ).

         , 堖  .

      .   ,   ,   ,     堖    , ,  - .      :  .  - ,     .

,    . Ӡ,    - .      - .   - .     .     .     堖   .    ,    .




-


1.  : 堖 堖  (/)  (// ).



She bought abook yesterday.

She [] bought [] abook [] yesterday [].

   .




 


2.Ѡ   :    렖 堖  렖 堖 .

:

How can Ihelpyou?

How [ ] can [ ] I[] help [ ] you []?

   ?

  ,  :   렖 堖 .

:

Whowon?

Who [ ] won []?

 ?

  :  렖 堖  렖 堖 .

:

Can you helpme?

Can [ ] you [] help [ ] me []?

  ?

  , :  렖 堖 not  렖 堖 .

:

Did you not see the movie?

Did [ ] you [] not see [ ] the movie []?

   ?




 


3.   : 堖  렖 not  렖 堖 .

:

The dog did not bark.

The dog [] did [ ] not bark [ ].

 .

     ,    not. : She will not come tomorrow.   .

   ,      (do, did)   not. : She does not like coffee.   .

 Past Simple  did ( ),         .   ,  did    .

4.     ,   ,    .      .    ,     .     ,      .   ,  렖    ,      ,   ,     .




堖 






  



2.,   -  - .     ,  -  -   , ࠫ򻠖 .      .

   ,    ,   .  ,        .

3. 堖  ,    .    -  , , .     ,   - .     -. , ࠖ   .    ,  ,    .   廠   .

4.    ,      - ,  ,      .    . ,       , ,  .



 :  

: She runs. :  .

 :  

: She can run fast. :    .

 :  

: She is ateacher. : ࠖ .



5.      .    ,     .   , , ,   .     ,   ,   ,     .     ,    ,  .

     .    .      . Ƞ         .          ,  ?         .       ,   .

6.         .         ,      .

     .

-, ,  ,     .    .

-,    ,   .

-,     ,           .










1.      to.     . :  to towork,   to work.  work   .

2.   to . : towork  .

3. ʠ     -ed.      . : towork , worked .

4.     .    ,      .       .




  


7.     , 堖    .










Present Simple

Igo towork every day.     .

Past Simple

Iwent towork yesterday.    .










Present Continuous

Iam reading abook now.    .

Present Perfect

Ihave read this book.     (   ).




 


8.        .










Past Continuous

Iwas reading abook when he called.   ,   .

Past Perfect

Ihad finished my homework before my friend arrived.     ,   .

Present Perfect Continuous

Ihave been reading for two hours.     .

Past Perfect Continuous

Ihad been reading for an hour when he came.    ,   .

    .      .








 .

Future Simple

Iwill call you tomorrow.    .

Future Continuous

Iwill be reading at 8p.m. tomorrow.    8 .

Future Perfect

Iwill have finished my homework by9p.m.     9.




 


9.   ,   ,      .

  .      -. , - ,     .    堖     (  ),    堖     (  ).

    .

10.       tobe +   -ed (  ).      ,   ,   .









 


11.    ,    ,       .

    -  -.        .      ,    .

12.       .    . : Iwash myself.   (  ).




  


13.   ,    . .        .

     ,   .     ,       , , .   -   .

,    ,    .   ,    .    - ,   .       . Ƞ    .

14. ,     :

1)  if, unless, provided (that), incase, supposing ..: If it rains, we will stay at home.   ,   .

2)  :  +  .    will / would / could / might.   Present  Past Simple ( ).

,     :

1)  would / could / might +   . : She would go if she had money.  ,    .

2)    were   . : If he were here, he could help us.    ,    .

3)   Iwish, If only, Its time, as if / as though. : Iwish Iknew the answer.    .

15.   ,  :










Zero Conditional

If you heat ice, it melts.    ,   .

First Conditional

If it rains, Iwill stay home.   ,   .

Second Conditional

If Ihad money, Iwould travel.    ,  .

Third Conditional

If Ihad known, Iwould have called you.   ,   .

      ,      to. : Iwould go tothe party if Ihad time. ߠ  ,   ; Isuggest that he go.  ,   .




  


       .    -   ,      .

16.      :   .     be, seem, become, look, feel, remain, appear,   ,    .    , , ,    ,     ,  ,    . : She is ateacher   .




  


17.     ,     .        .    ,    . : She can swim   .

18.   ,    .      .     .   ,      ,   .     ,  .




堖 





  



2.  .  ,   .   ,      .   ,     ,    .

3.        .     ,   .      .

4.         .








   .

5.    .

    .








: adog, thesun.

6.   :  ,  .      .  :

1) ,     . : Isaw adog. The dog was barking.   .  .

2)  ,   . : The sun is shining.  .

3)   . : She is the tallest girl inthe class.     .

  :  .  :

1)    . : Isaw acat inthe garden.    .

2) ,      . : Isaw awoman at the station.    .

7.   . ,    :

1)   . : Ilove pizza    (). Water is essential for life     ( ).

2)   . : Love is apowerful emotion.    .

8.    . : Reading books and watching movies are my hobbies.       .

9.         -s . : tool , tools .

10.      .      .








    ,     .    .  ,      ,   ,     . : Who did John look at?   ?

11.   ,  .   ,      .     .       ,    젖 . Ӡ   -  .      ,    .




堖 






  



2.   ,       .      ,   .     .     .

3.   ,      ,  .      .   .     .

4.     :








5.Π  ,     .       .

 :

1)   :    + -er. : happy happ happier.

2)   : more + adjective. : more interesting.

 :

1)   :   + -est. : happy happ happiest

2)   : most + . : most interesting.

  . : abig house ( ) big houses ( ).




堖 


9.堖  ,   ,    .    -ly.     .

    ,  .

,    ,    -er -est    . : fast faster fastest.

  -ly    more most. : The new office is located more conveniently.    .

10.     . ,     .      .     .










  



2.  ,  ,    ,  ,   ,    .   ,   .     .

3.     .     , 堖 .         ,     .

:

He gave me adollar.

He gave me [ ] adollar [ ].

   .

4.     :



c

: Isee the book. :   .



: She invited him. :  .



: Iwant tosleep. :   .



: We enjoy swimming. :   .



5.  , ,  .  ,  ,   ,  ,    .   ,      .










  



2.  ,    .  ,  ,   ,   ,   .   ,    .      .

3.     ?





: She spoke quietly. :   .



: He called toask aquestion. :  ,  .



: She improved bypracticing daily. :  ,  .



: We met last week. :    .



4.    ,      .     ,    . : We often go there.    .

      ,      ,    . : Ive often been there.    .

5.    .  ,  ,  ,  , ,    .     .   ,      .   .




 


1. 堖   ,  .   ,     .      ,   .

2.  ,   :










1.      . : When he arrived [  ], we started the meeting.

2.       .    ,   . : The book that she borrowed [  ] is on the table.

3.      .










Future inthe Past     (would) +    . : Iknew that he would come.  ,   .




, , 



1.    ,  ,    ,  .      ,              .     ,    .







2. ⠖    to.

    .   ,       .

     to  ,     (make/let/see/hear/feel).  to    see, hear, feel, help, let, make, watch.

  :

1) Perfect Infinitive,   tohave +   . : He is happy tohave finished the work.  ,   .

2) Continuous Infinitive,   tobe +   , . : She seems tobe sleeping. ,   .




  .


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