 
 


  컠           :     ,   ,  ,           .    ,  ,    .  ,       .





 



 



 ,2025



ISBN978-5-0068-4861-0

     Ridero







The wind on Mount Everest howled like aliving beast, tearing at the tents ofthe 1953British expedition camped high on the SouthCol.

   ,   ,     1953,    .



At 7,900meters above sea level, the air was so thin that every breath felt like sipping through astraw.

 7900       ,        .



Edmund Hillary, atall, broad-shouldered beekeeper from New Zealand, peered out into the blizzard.

 , ,    ,  .



Beside him, Tenzing Norgay, aSherpa guide with eyes sharp as ahawks, adjusted his oxygen mask.

   , - ,   ,   .



They were the chosen pair for the final assault on the worlds highest peak, amountain that had claimed lives and shattered dreams for decades.

          ࠖ ,       .



The story ofEverests conquest began long before 1953.

     1953.



For centuries, the peak loomed inthe Himalayas, sacred tolocals who called it Chomolungma, Goddess Mother ofthe World.

    ,    ,   ࠖ - .



Western explorers first measured it in1856, dubbing it Peak XV and later Everest after aBritish surveyor.

     1856,   XV,  젖   .



But climbing it? That seemed impossible.

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Early attempts inthe 1920s, led byBrits like George Mallory, ended intragedy.

  1920- ,  ,    ,  .



Mallory vanished in1924, his body found decades later, still harnessed tothe rock.

  1924,          .



The mountain mocked them all avalanches, frostbite, and the dreaded death zone above 8,000meters where the body slowly dies without extra oxygen.

    蠖 ,      8000,       .



Bythe 1950s, the world was ready for anothertry.

ʠ1950-      .



Nepal had just opened its borders, and Britain, fresh from World War II, wanted avictory.

     , ,     ,  .



Colonel John Hunt led the ninth British expedition, ateam ofclimbers, scientists, and over 300porters.

        ,   300.



They arrived inKathmandu inMarch 1953, hauling tons ofgear: canned food, woolen clothes, and bulky oxygen sets that weighed like anchors.

    1953,   : ,     ,   .



The trek tobase camp took weeks, crossing raging rivers and yak trails slick withice.

    ,       .



Hillary, 33and tough as nails from New Zealands Southern Alps, joined as aclimber.

, 33- ,  ,     ,   .



Tenzing, 39, had been on six previous Everest trips, carrying loads and guiding foreigners.

, 39,      ,    .



He wasnt just aporter; he was amountaineer with unmatched stamina, born inthe shadow ofthe peaks.

   ;     ,    .



Base camp sat at 5,360meters, achaotic village oftents amid moraine rubble.

    5360⠖      .



From there, the real grind began.

   .



The team had tocarve apath through the Khumbu Icefall, anightmare ofshifting ice towers and hidden crevasses.

            .



One wrong step, and youd plummet into ablue abyss.

  㠖    .



Porters ferried supplies inrelays, their lungs burning.

   ,  .



Hillary swung his ice axe with rhythmic power, hacking steps while joking tokeep spirits high.

   ,   ,   .



Higher up, the Western Cwm avast, sun-baked valley trapped heat like an oven byday and froze solid at night.

   젖  ,    ,    .



Then came the Lhotse Face, asheer wall ofblue ice rising 1,100meters.

젖  ,      1100.



Climbers fixed ropes, inching up like spiders.

  ,  ,  .



Storms pinned them down for days; food ran low, and altitude sickness hit hard headaches, nausea, hallucinations.

    ;  ,       , , .



One climber, Tom Bourdillon, pushed too far and collapsed.

 ,  ,     .



The team set up camps progressively: Camp IV at 7,000meters, then the South Col at 7,900, awindswept saddle exposed tojets ofair screaming at 100kilometers per hour.

   :  IV  7000,    7900  ,     100/.



Hunts plan was bold: two assault teams.

   :   .



First, Bourdillon and Charles Evans would try from the South Summit with experimental closed-circuit oxygen.

          ,     .



If they failed, Hillary and Tenzing would go for thetop.

  ,    .



On May 26, Bourdillon and Evans reached the South Summit, just 100meters shy ofthe true peak.

26     ,   100  .



But their oxygen failed, and exhaustion forced them back.

  ,    .



We were so close, Evans later said, but the mountain won that round.

   ,   ,    .



Now it was Hillary and Tenzings turn.

    .



On May 28, they left the South Col with asupport team including George Lowe and Alfred Gregory.

28      ,      .



The climb tothe South Summit was brutal deep snow, knife-edge ridges where one slip meant death.

    젖  , ,   , ,      .



Hillarys boots crunched into powder up tohis knees; Tenzings breath steamed inthe frigidair.

    ;     .



They dumped extra gear tolighten loads.

   ,   .



Byevening, they pitched atiny tent at 8,500meters, the highest camp ever.

ʠ      8500⠖    .



Inside, crammed together, they melted snow for tea on aprimus stove.

,   ,      .



Oxygen hissed from bottles; outside, the temperature plunged to-30C.

  ;    -30C.



Sleep was fitful dreams offalling, ofhome.

  젖  ,.



Dawn on May 29broke clear, stars fading into apinksky.

 29  젖    .



They roped together, Hillary leading.

  ,   .



The ridge narrowed toacornice, snow overhanging voids on both sides.

  ,      .



Then, the infamous Hillary Step a12-meter rock wall, vertical andicy.

젖    : 12-   .



Hillary jammed his axe into acrack, wedged his body in, and chimneyed up like ahuman plug.

   ,    ,    .



It was the most scary moment, he recalled.

    , .



Tenzing followed, grinning despite the fear.

  , ,  .



Beyond, the summit ridge sloped gently upward, aknife blade toheaven.

     ,   ,  .



Step bystep, they pushedon.

    .



The air was avacuum; each move sapped strength.

   ;    .



At 11:30a.m., Hillary crested asnow dome.

 11:30    .



Nothing higher. Everest was theirs.

    .



He shook Tenzings hand, then they embraced Kiwi and Sherpa, equals intriumph.

   ,     ,  .



Tenzing buried acandy offering tothe gods; Hillary planted across from Hunt.

    ,    .



Photos: Hillarys ice axe flagged with UN, British, Nepalese, and Indian banners.

:    , ,  .



The world below was asea ofclouds, peaks poking like islands.

     ,   ,  .



But triumph was fragile.

  .



Descent meant danger doubled fatigue, melting snow.

    ,  .



They slid and scrambled down, reaching the South Col bydusk.

   ,    .



News flashed via radio: Summit reached!

  :  !



The team erupted incheers.

   .



Back at base, coronation day for Queen Elizabeth II coincided Everests gift tothe empire.

       II   .



The descent tocivilization was aheros parade, but the mountains toll lingered.

    ,   .



Frostbite nipped fingers; memories ofnear-misses haunted nights.

  ;     .



Hillary and Tenzing became legends, their bond unbreakable.

   ,   .



The peak was conquered, yet Everest remained untamed, areminder ofhuman limits and grit.

  ,   젖    .




 


The samba drums thundered through the humid night air ofRio de Janeiro, aheartbeat that pulsed from the favelas down tothe glittering Sambadrome.

      --,  ,     .



It was February, and the city had exploded into Carnival, the worlds largest street party, where millions surrendered torhythm, color, and unbridled passion.

 ,   젖     ,     ,   .



Feathers taller than aman swayed above crowds packed shoulder-to-shoulder, sequins flashing like athousand suns under floodlights.

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Inthe midst ofit all, ayoung dancer named L?via adjusted her headdress an explosion ofturquoise plumes and glittering crystals and stepped into the parade, her hips already moving tothe hypnotic beat.

               ⠖  ,       .



Carnivals roots stretched back centuries, awild fusion ofEuropean, African, and indigenous traditions.

    ⠖     ,   .



Portuguese colonizers brought pre-Lent festivities inthe 1600s, masked balls and street pranks called entrudo, where people hurled water, mud, and even eggs at each other.

   XVII   ࠖ      ,      ,   .



But it was the enslaved Africans who transformed it into something electric.

      - .



They smuggled intheir rhythms congas, tamborins, surdos and dances born inthe Congo and Angola.

    , ,  ,   .



Bythe 19th century, ranchos carnavalescos, groups ofrevelers inmatching costumes, paraded through the streets.

ʠXIX     񻠖     .



The first official samba school, Deixa Falar, formed in1928inthe Estcio neighborhood, turning the festival into an organized spectacle ofmusic and movement.

    Deixa Falar   1928  ,      .



L?via belonged toMangueira, one ofRios oldest and most beloved samba schools, founded in1928byagroup ofmusicians who practiced inthe mangueira trees ofthe Morro da Mangueira hill.

  ꠫廠       ,  1928  ,      --.



Green and pink were their colors emerald for the forest, rose for passion.

    頖   , 頖 .



Every year, each school chose atheme, or enredo, astory told through song, dance, and floats.




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