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ISBN978-5-0067-3921-5

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CCMD Chinese Classification ofMental Disorders;

DSM Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofmental disorders;

EBM evidence-based medicine;

HiTOP Hierarchical Taxonomy OfPsychopathology;

ICD International Statistical Classification ofDiseases and Related Health Problems;

ILCD International List ofCauses ofDeath;

OBM opinion-based medicine;

PDM Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual;

RDoC The Research Domain Criteria.




 



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  -4(  4,    ,   -) [. , 2006]    (19331945) -,    ..   (,     ).

          ,           ( )   ,               [. , . , 2006].  1936      (      )    . Ѡ1949       ,    ,   50-  XX     ,      1950,   50-  XX .

 (,  ,  , )    ,         ,      .       (    ),      (  ) [. , . , 2006].       30-  XX  50-  XX       .      (      ),    ,  ,  .

 頖        ,  ,   . ʠ :     ,      ,     ,  ( )     ,    ,     ,   ,   ,        [..., 1998].

   (..  ,    )         ,    ,       .   50-  XX         [    , 2004].

  ( ..  ) 1952      (),  . Ѡ1958    (,  .) [.., 2004].          (, ,  ,   .),     ()   (),  (). Ѡ         ,    , ,    ,      .

 ( ) 1954    Chemie Gr?nenthal     .     ,       .  1957    ,      ,        ,    .    ,      (  ),  19561962      10000  ,  ,     .             [N. Vargesson, 2015].

 ()       60-  XX ,      .     , ,           ,   .               [.., 1998].

 ࠖ  1973       ,    :           ,   ,    ,   -   ,       ,          ,       .           ,   (  )  , 41    ,       [D. Rosenhan, 1973].   ,        [A. Abbott, 2019; A. Scull, 2023].

  ( ,  180)      ,        .    1978      ,      ,         1998 [Burti L., 2001].




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-        . .       [G.E.Berrios, D. Beer 1994],     (    ࠫ  蠫- ) [J. Angst, 2002].

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             ,   (. International Statistical Classification ofDiseases and Related Health Problems ICD),          (  )      .  ,        XIX ,     ,  ,     (, ) 1893      (. International List ofCauses ofDeath ILCD),  .    1948,          ,     (  )    ,       [Website WHO. History, 2021].

 ,      (. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ofmental disorders DSM)[American , 2013],     ,    (   )   ..  ,       (), c      [P. Tyrer, 2014]. ,  DSM               [J.E.Mezzich, 2002].

   ,  ( )     (. Chinese Classification ofMental Disorders CCMD),     ,      .       (CCMD-3),    ,   -10    DSM-IV,     -       [Y.F.Chen, 2002].

C   ,    (. Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual PDM),         (   ),   PDM    DSM  ,    ,             [W. Etnyre, 2008].

     ,                   .

         ,   ,       ( ,        XIX      ,        ,       ) [.., 1988].   ,      ..   (     ,  ),     (      ,  ).     ( ),     .     ,       (      ..  ,       ,     ).             , ..   ,  ,    ,              ,           . Ƞ               ,  ,       ,         . ,  ,   (      )    .

 (. evidence-based medicine EBM,   )   90-  XX ,          ( ,   ,      ,    .),      (         )      ,  ,      (   , , -  ) [.., 2011].         (  )      ..     (. opinion-based medicine OBM)  蠖 eminence-based medicine (   ),                   [J.R.Hampton, 2002].               ,           .

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  ,  ,    ;                   [Website ClinicalTrials.gov , 2024],       ,       ( ,   )    ( , ,  )  (  ),       ( )         (   ).

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    (     ,   ,      ,   , - ,   ,      .).

   

 ,  90% ,                 [P. Rost, 2006; PC G?tzsche, 2019].   ,             (,     ) [T. Sharma, 2016].

         ,       (The Research Domain Criteria RDoC),   2008,               ,     ,                (   , , ,   ,        ),    ,   (   )  ,           -        ,  ,    [B.N.Cuthbert, 2014; M. Maj 2014; B.N.Cuthbert, T.R.Insel, 2013].

  RDoC, 2015        ()  (Hierarchical Taxonomy OfPsychopathology HiTOP),         ,        (       ,       ,   ) [R. Kotov et al., 2017].

     (  )    堫 ⻠蠫 ,       ,    [Galletly C et al., 2016],   ,   ,  - , .    ,       DSM [J.D.Maser, H.S.Akiskal, 2002].

           [Y.K.Kim, 2019].    ,  ,        (,     ),     ,    [D. Rosenhan, 1973],         [A.J.Frances, 2012]   [L. Cosgrove et al., 2006].

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