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Christopher Knowlton, 2017

  The Jennifer Lyons Literary Agency andSynopsis Literary Agency.

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 젖 ;

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  .  [1 -   ᠖   .    ,   .][2 - Walter Prescott Webb, TheGreat Plains, 233.]














  1886.       .  ,        ,      .       .     [3 -    (Melanoplus spretus)   :  (1875),     12,5 ,    500000?   27,5  (   ,      ).  ,       XX. ,   . . .]   .

   ,   Cattle Ranch & Land,       -[4 - -񻠖  ,    - ( )    18601861.],  - -:   .     .  ,       -  ,     .  蠖  .   .   ,    ,     [5 - John Clay, My Life onthe Range, 170.].     .

 ,  [6 - Lincoln Lang, Ranching with Roosevelt, 239.] [7 - ? (. badland  )    .],  ,    ,           .  ,         .  (,    )         .

  -   ( )    ,   ,  ,    . 16,   ,     .

  ,      ,     . [8 - Granville Stuart, Forty Years onthe Frontier, 234.]        ,    蠖    .

     .      ,        .          .   ,         ,         ,       .     ,    210000 ,  ,     ,    ,      ,       .

      ࠖ   ,  -  .     - , ,     ,         .  ,          [9 -        20       600 .   1886. 2875         550 .   1887 Report ofthe Office ofthe Comptroller ofthe Currency The Oxford History ofthe American West, Clyde A. Milner etal., eds., 265.   , 18821886.    , ,  -  349     170  (Gene Gressley, Bankers andCattlemen, 109).    ,  , , ,  ,     ,  , ,    550 .].   ,  ( ),  ,         [10 - Agnes Wright Spring, Old Cheyenne Club, American Cattle Producer, July1947.].            , , , , , , .

      ,     .   堖  ,    ,    ,         .     ,     ,         ,       -.   ࠖ  ,  ,       ,    ,    ,    ,    . ,      ,   - .

28-  ,      ,    ,      TheCentury Magazine:   ,     ,    ,     ,      -[11 - Theodore Roosevelt, Ranch Life andthe Hunting Trail, 22.].

   .

 ,     -    ,       蠖      ,     Elkhorn ( ).          .    ,      .  ,     .

 ,   ,       .         ,   ,      .      ,       ,    ,       .

    ,       ,   .          -.    ,          .

    ,     ;  ,    ,       ,   .     10.    30?   :33? , , 15  43?.     51?   .    .  ,   ,     ꠖ ,   .

     ,       .      ,      ,    .       ,       .      , ,   ,  .   [12 - ? ࠖ . ?  ,  .] , 蠖  ,    .     ,     ,  .

        .



       ,   ,       .     :  ,        ,  -   [13 -   45  51?.],  .    ,   ,     ;     ,          ,  ,    [14 - E.C. Teddy Blue Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 176.].



   ,   . ,   ,    ,   .   ,      6000 .     . ,       ,     .        .         ,     [15 - Ibid., 183.].

 ,      .      ,      ,   ,         .         ⠖  ,  [16 - Lang, Ranching with Roosevelt, 247.]  .

      ,  ,       .       .           ,    [17 -   : ,   .]   .      ,  ,       ,   .           .

       ,     ,     .

      ,    .         ,      .    ,     ,   .      ,     .   ,          ,   ,     ,    [18 - Ibid., 251.].      蠖  .

   ,   , , ,    ,    .

  ,   ,  .   ,        ,     ,   ,    .     .     ,       [19 - Stuart, Forty Years onthe Frontier, 23637.].

,      ,      :  .        .    .     :    -  ;   ,   ;    ,      .  ,   [20 -    , 16 1887., TheLetters ofTheodore Roosevelt, vol.1, edited byElting E. Morison.].

     [21 -  ꠖ          .    .] .     ,  ,          . ,          ,    , ,  ,       .

,       ,  ,  ,     ,           ,  ,      .

  :     ,    ,    ? ,    ,          40 [22 -       The Long Trail (1976),   The Cattlemen (1958),   The Chisholm Trail (1954),    Cow Country (1942),   The Trampling Herd: TheStory ofthe Cattle Range inAmerican History (1939),    The Great Plains (1931)    The Day ofthe Cattleman (1929).].     . -,     ,  [23 -  (. dotcom)  ,    .  ⠖        1990- .        2000.]   ,        ,    .    蠖    ,    ,    ,     - .     . -, ,     ,         ,       ,     ,          . -,               ,  . Ƞ,        ,       .

      [24 -  (. longhorn  )      .]       .           Union Stock Yards,     -   ,      .  ,             ,   ,       .  ,    ,   ,   ,      .       ()  ,   ,       .

       ( )    ,   ,   .    ,      ,    ,         , .

   ,   ,      ,  ,     ,    ,     .       25- , ,   ,     :   ,      .                   .

     ,       ,       .  ,        ,   ,      ,       .          ,     ,     젖        ,     ,       ,    ,      ,      .     ,   ,    :       ,         .

,      ,       ,    ,    ,            .        ,   ,         .

            ,      .       ,           蠖        .

           ,           .                .      1860- .  .

         ,    .   ,              ,     .    ,        ,      ,   .

   ,     ,     .     ,        . ,    ,    ,           ,        .

   1887.      , ,       ⠖ 50 80%[25 -  ,    ,    ,      .        ,   , ,   ,           .]    ,      [26 - Donald Worster, Under Western Skies, 41.]    .        .      20 ,    :     .




I.  





1

 







13 1872. - ( )          22-    ,    .     .

       ,   ,  ,   .       [27 - Douglas D. Scott, Peter Bleed, andStephen Damm, Custer, Cody, andGrand Duke Alexis, 38.],    -    (     ),    ,   ,      ,          .

,       ,     ,   --,    ,      -,           25  , ,  . ,  ,        ,     ,  ;      -   ,  ,     .    ,   ,    .

            .      ,    .      , ,      .   ,       Springfield Model 1863,   ,       .   ,    ,     .       ,    .

       .        ,  ,    -     .       ,      .

            .        :  .



   90              ,   ,  . Ѡ      [28 -  1820.               , ,   ,   .],   ,      ⠖          [29 -   0,4.].       ,  ,        ,       ,   ,   ,      ,  .        -         ,     ,    .

 ,   ,      蠖              .       ,    ,    ,  .    , ,     ,  . ,          ,      [30 - Charles C. Mann, 1491: New Revelations ofthe Americas Before Columbus.],   .  ,     ,    ,   ;    ,      ,          .

,      ,    .   , ,       ,      ,     .  1839.  ,   -[31 -  -堖    1400,  XIX.   ( ) - ( -).], ,     ,     ,   45 (72).  -     15 (24)  ,    ,  ,  1350.  (3500


).  1859.   ,  -             (320).     .      [32 - William T. Hornaday, TheExtermination ofthe American Bison, 39091.],    25, ࠖ 50 (40 80).

               ,    .      .         㠖   ,    .    [33 - , 393.],    , ,      ,      ,      .         5,      .

             ,   .     ,  ,     ,     [34 -   ( 3200)        -   .   ( 2100)       --  .],   -.       ,     ,  1860- .          .       ,      .   ,      ,  1861.   ,   ,   ,           .     ,        .

,      ,   ,           - .     ,       ,   ,   .   ,     .

    ,       ,      .      젖  , ,   .    ꠖ  20    ,        325 .       5,5    ࠖ     .          ,    . ,            ,   堖 .

 , ,            ,        ,       .         . Ѡ      , ,   :    蠖       .

  ,        , ,    ,  ,      ,   ,      ,  ,    [35 -    Oxford History ofthe American West, Milner etal., eds., 257.].              .

     ,    Union Pacific,  ,        ࠖ  .  ,   5 ,    ࠖ 1872 1875.       ,     1883.      :        ,    .

     ,     ,     -    .     ,  .      .    ,   ,   .     :     ,       [36 - Nathaniel Burt, Wyoming, 44.],     .

     ;       .     ,     ,      ,   ,        .     :     .   , ,  ,   .   ,     ,    ,    ,  .       [37 - E. C. Teddy Blue Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 102.].

,    ,    .      ,   .       .        ,     ,     .       ,      ,  .      .

    ,     .       ,          .       .     ,   ,   [38 -                  ,     ,       1808.].

    .

,     , ,     ,    .  ⠖     .       [39 -  ࠖ  (2600),     .      .]       .  堖  廠    , .   ;       -,           ,      [40 - Francis Parkman Jr., TheOregon Trail, 244.].   ,       ,  .

,    ᠖  ࠖ  ,    ,  ,       . ʠ       ,        ,       .      - ,      .

       . -      ,       ,   .      . ,   -,  .    . Ӡ   ,        ,     .    ,       1375  [41 - Hornaday, TheExtermination ofthe American Bison, 474.]   ,     .

,    1876.    5855 ,   97  .    ,  10       20000 .

     .  ⠖ ꠖ    ;    ,            ,       .      ,   ,        .        .         ,   .    -             .  ,  16- ( 7)      -,     .       ,    .

    ,    蠖     .       10 15.  ,   ,    ;     .     ,     ;           .     .  ,  ,     .   [42 - Stanley Vestal, Dodge City, 47.],      .      30 40 ,     100 (45).

      ,     , , ,   ,  , ,   ,  .        蠖    ,  .       .    ,    ,       ,     .       ,    .       ,     ,    ;     ꠖ   , - .

    25    3 -.      50. 22-     :     ,  ,   , ,      .  !  20 ,     3⠖  60 .    100    6000    ,     ,  100 ,      [43 - Geoffrey C. Ward, TheWest, 263.]. ʠ 1870- .   [44 - , 263.]  5000  .

      .  ,        .     , , ,   .       ,            .        ,    ,        [45 - 젖  ,    .  頖 .].

  ,   ,    ,  ,            ,          .    ,      ,    ,      ,             ,        ,  .

  ,      ,   ,   . Ƞ     .        , , ,    [46 - Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 1012.].

   ,   . ,   , :     ,    ,    ,        ,      ?    ,   ,     [47 - Dee Brown, Bury My Heart atWounded Knee, 241.].    ,  ,    :       ,    ?      .    ,    .   [48 - , 242.].

       ,      ,  .        ,     [49 -       .      1864.      ,     , , ,   . . .].        . ,       ,    ,   .  , ,          ,     ,    ,           [50 - Roy Morris Jr., Sheridan, 34243.].

        ( ),   .  1874.    ,     ,      [51 -       -  (),        .       ,     (    )         .],    .

  ,  -  ,      ,      , ,  ,  -    ,  , ,  .  ,     ,     . ʠ          ,   , ,   ,    .  ,   ,    ,    ,      ໠   ,      ,   ,  ,  -  , , ,   ,  .  ,  , ,  ,   ,      .      .

       :  ,    ,  ,      ,        [52 - Hornaday, TheExtermination ofthe American Bison, 465.] , ,     ,      .

   ,   ,  ,  ,      1884.     , ,  ,    .

      :       ,    , ,      , ,   .    ,   ,  ,      :       ࠖ    ,     .    ࠖ    [53 - , 52021.].

ʠ1902.        ;    ,   ,  1894. Ѡ      ,       ,   ,  1905.      ⠖   ,     .      2500 4000 ,   30000      ,            .

          .    ,      .

     ,            ,         .      ,      .    , , ,      ,  . Ƞ ,     ,  1866.    .




2

 







    䠖     ,     .  蠖   ,         1866.



     ,       ,     -  .  .         . -    100   50.  [] .      ,   .     : , , , ,        [],     .          .        [54 - George Duffield, Driving Cattle from Texas toIowa, 1866, Annals ofIowa.].


       . ʠ ,  1865.,   ,   ,   .  ,   , ,      .    , , ,  ,   ࠖ , ,     .     ,     .

       ,  ,        :   堖 堖   10000.   , ,  ;       ,      .   ,      ꠖ    .    ,       .

     ,      蠖     .

      ,    ,  .        ,      ,   .   ,   .

   .   ,  -,      ,   ,    ,    . ,         ,  ,    .     -   : ,   4, -  4050.     ,         .   .

     ,    ,   . ,   ,            .      : ,        .

 1842.    ,  1854. .    ,  1864.,   ,  ,       ( ): ,      ,      .   ,    ,    ,      ,   .  ,  2000 ,  , ,   [55 - Walt Whitman, Specimen Days andCollect, 48.].

 ,   ,      ,     ,       .      ,     .       ,    Union Pacific Missouri Pacific,            .

       ,  .

   ,      .       ,   ,     . , ,      ,  - .     (      )    - .

     ?   .       ,         . Ӡ  ,   ,  ,   ,    ,    ,     ,   .         ,   1890.    -[56 - J. Frank Dobie, TheLonghorns, 206.];       2,7.

       .     ,   .  ,     ,      ,    .       ,    .           ,        :   ,   , ,  [57 - Wayne Gard, TheChisholm Trail, 17.] 蠫  ,   .

    ,   ,    ,  .    .    [58 - 㠖  ,          .],   ,  ,   .   .    .    ;  ,  - .     , ,  ,   ,     [59 - Dobie, TheLonghorns, 147.].

    ,    ,      ,      ,     .     ( ,    ),      .      [60 -  (. vaquero , vaca )   .       .],          ,  .

ʠ,          .  ,      ,      ,   .     ,            ,    .          ,    .  -   ,     ,   ,      .

   , ,  ,    頖  .             ,      ࠖ   .        ,    ,           ,  ,  ,  ,       -   .          -    ,  ;       ,        .

    ,    .       ,      .    -.        (  [61 -  prairie schooner ( )   :      .]);     ,   ,        .       (    ),   ,    .

    ,   .      ,   -[62 - drag   rider .].    ,         .       ;        .

  .      ,   ,  ,       ,  .    ,    . -    : ,   ,   ,      ,   ,     . ,   ,   , ,     [63 - E. C. Teddy Blue Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 6.].

     ,             .     .   ,     ,  ,    ,   .     .         [64 -  :  . ,    1- ,    . [  ,     marrow gut,    .     Come An Get It: TheStory ofthe Old Cowboy Cook,      ,  ,   , ,    .  , , , ,  ,  .    ,    . . .]      .     23.   ,   []  .    [    ,      , , ,   . . .],    .  .     ,  . William H. Forbis, TheOld West: TheCowboys, 87.],    ,  ,  () .

      1415 (2224),    .

       .    ,   : ,  ,  .  ,       (    ,      ),           1888.:  ,    ,   , ,   ,  ,       .   ,  ,   頖  -    .  ,       ,   .   .     ,      [65 - Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 199.].

       ,  .      .   ,    ,     ,      .        ,    ;   ,   .

     .   ,     ,  1876.  - ,     15.       .      ,   : Ѡ   ,     , ,  . ,    ,    [66 - , 37.].

  ,     ,  ,      ,     ,  .

      .     , -   ; ,     ,       ,     .

    ,              .      ,      ;     .     .       .  ,   ,     .

    ,   ,         .   -   ,    , .          ,     .         .     ,     [67 - , 200].

         . ,  ,    ,   .    ,      ,     ,     .    :       ,     蠖    . ,    ,    .  ,     ,   ,   800  .

         .      - .   ,   , ,         ;   [68 - , 67.].      .



  ,   -        [] -    5.    ,            .  ,         (- ),   - ,        .   ,   . ,    ,       Ӡ  .  ,     .  ,     .  .     , 60   !   ,     - []     ,      ,      ,   ,            15         .   .   .    ,   .   , ,    .   [69 - Duffield, Driving Cattle from Texas toIowa, 1866.].


  1866.   .          2000    -   700 ( 1100)  [70 -                    .] -.   18,          ,  ,      , 젖  .   30-       ;         .

  ,     ,       ,     -   4000


,   8000 ,             .     ,      -,  -         .

  :        80 (130)     ,     300 .         ,      :   , , ,  ,    .      ,      .         .

  ,      8 [71 -  18 .].       12000   . Ѡ       ,            3500,   ,         ,    .      .

 ,          , ,    -,      .

,      ,    ,      ,    20  (80000


)  .        .   ,         ,    蠖 ,      [72 -     .:S. C. Gwynne, Empire ofthe Summer Moon: Quanah Parker andthe Rise ofthe Comanches.].      ,  ,       ,    .   .     ,       .    -   ,    .        ,  .     ,     .      . ,    ,    ,     .    ,       . ,    ,        .

,   ,  ,    :   ,   ,   ,  -.            [73 - ?蠖     ,   .     ,   (  )      -    .].     ,      ,       .

ʠ  , - ,     㠖   .   ,        150,      .        , ,   ,    .    ,   .       [74 - W. J. Wilson, W. J. Wilsons Narrative, inThe Trail Drivers ofTexas, edited byJ. Marvin Hunter andGeorge W. Saunders, 913.].

      ,  ,     ( ),      Missouri Pacific Missouri Kansas Texas.     ,  ,  ,  .  , ,      ,   ,   .  ,  ,    ,     .         .      ,   ,     .         ,    ,    ,  .

       .   ,      ,    ( ).   , -,    ,       ,  ,     ,    .       :      ,  , ,   , ,  [75 -  1888.  ,   (  堖     )  蠖  ,   .].  ,    ,      :     ,   .     .      .  ,  .    ,    [76 - Gard, TheChisholm Trail, 29.].             ,    .

         ,    ,  .         ,      ,  .     ,      ,       - -   .   .

 1866. 19-        500    ,    ,   ,   -      [77 -  ,    ,  18541858.   ,    .     -    ,    .]   ,     .         ,        .    ,     .     .    ,    .    ,    ?,   ,   .     ,      ,  .   150  (  ), ,   ,       - ( )  .

  ,    -,   , 25-  . ,       - ( ),      10    .      ,       - ( ), ,  ,  -   .      ,    .   ,       ,      , , -,       -  [78 -  1864 1889.,      .].      ,        .  ,     ,    ,  27    .  -     ,     ,    .       ,   ,      .    ?[79 - Paul I. Wellman, TheTrampling Herd, 98.]      .   ,   .     ,     ,     ,     . Ѡ        :    ,    .        .       ꠖ ,     .   , ,    .    ,   ,    ,   ,    ,         .

Ƞ           .     ,   ,  ,   . ʠ  ,        ,  ,      .        ,      .    ,    [80 -   (Texas Panhandle)     .   panhandle         .],  ,    -       , 1875. ,     .             ,        - 1876.[81 -    -堖  2526 1876.   (, , )     .  ࠖ       ,    .    ,  .]   1879.   ࠖ          .



  , ,       1869.,                  ,    1500   1200 .        .

       40000 ,   , 堖   .       (  ),  ,  ,  , ⠖    ࠖ , , ,     .

  ,    , ,   . ʠ   ,    :   .  ,  ,       ,     ,  .     :    . ,  , ,    .

      - .        .      ⠖   ,     (   ).         !

    ,   .     ,          . -       : , , , ,  , ,       蠖         ,      .      ,     1,5;     - ,    ,    .

        -.        .    , , ,   ,     [82 -      (     )    (18041806)      -   .].    ,   ,             .

          ,    .   , ,   ,   ,    ,      ,      [83 - John Clay, My Life onthe Range, vi.].     1874.     ,     ,   ,   ,  Swan Land & Cattle     ,  70.

   , ,   ,  ,  .        ,  -,   ,  ,     .    .   ,   ,  ,   ,   .      [84 - Theodore Roosevelt, Roosevelt Quotes, http://www.nps.gov/thro/learn/historyculture/theodore-roosevelt-quotes.htm (http://www.nps.gov/thro/learn/historyculture/theodore-roosevelt-quotes.htm).].

,      ,           .    ;    ;     ,  ,    ,      ;    ,    ; ,      .      ,   ,     ,   ,       ,  ,  , ,   .      ;   ,    ,   [85 - Forbis, TheOld West: TheCowboy, 88.].

    :



     ,    ,       .     ,   ,  []      ,       ,    .   ,      .  .       -.   ,      .          ʠ   [86 - 蠖     .].     ,    ,      ,       .  -  .   .           ,    . ʠ    ,     ,      ,  蠖       .          ,     .    (),   ,        ,   .  [87 - Duffield, Driving Cattle from Texas toIowa, 1866.].


     ,      .        .

       : ,         .      ,       ,      ,    -  .     ( )[88 -        ⠖  -.]   ,  -   ,      . Ƞ     .  ,     ,  ,        .      ,       [89 -        ,      蠖  . ,   -     (  ),       ;      ,      .      . . .]  .

,         ,       . Ӡ     .  1867.     35000  ,  䠖 75000,  堖  350000,  1871.  600000 [90 - Joseph Nimmo, Report inRegard tothe Range andRanch Cattle Business ofthe United States, 28.].    ,      ,   .      10    [91 - R. D. Holt, TheProposed National Cattle Trail, TheCattleman, 57.],    50000   .   : Ѡ       ;   [92 - Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 6.].




3

  







         ,    .      . ,   60,       ,         ,   .

      .  1870.,    10,         .  ,   ,   ( )  ,     (),    .       ,   ꠖ   ,   ,  60000 (1,4    )  ,        ,  ,    ,  .

    ,       .         , ,               .   ,       - .        ,     .        .        ,     .   :         ,   ,   .          ,       ,  .       19 - ,       ࠖ  ,      [93 - E. C. Teddy Blue Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 23.]




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=72075433)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes


Notes





1


  ᠖   .    ,   .




2


Walter Prescott Webb, TheGreat Plains, 233.




3


   (Melanoplus spretus)   :  (1875),     12,5 ,    500000?   27,5  (   ,      ).  ,       XX. ,   . . .




4


-񻠖  ,    - ( )    18601861.




5


John Clay, My Life onthe Range, 170.




6


Lincoln Lang, Ranching with Roosevelt, 239.




7


? (. badland  )    .




8


Granville Stuart, Forty Years onthe Frontier, 234.




9


       20       600 .   1886. 2875         550 .   1887 Report ofthe Office ofthe Comptroller ofthe Currency The Oxford History ofthe American West, Clyde A. Milner etal., eds., 265.   , 18821886.    , ,  -  349     170  (Gene Gressley, Bankers andCattlemen, 109).    ,  , , ,  ,     ,  , ,    550 .




10


Agnes Wright Spring, Old Cheyenne Club, American Cattle Producer, July1947.




11


Theodore Roosevelt, Ranch Life andthe Hunting Trail, 22.




12


? ࠖ . ?  ,  .




13


  45  51?.




14


E.C. Teddy Blue Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 176.




15


Ibid., 183.




16


Lang, Ranching with Roosevelt, 247.




17


  : ,   .




18


Ibid., 251.




19


Stuart, Forty Years onthe Frontier, 23637.




20


   , 16 1887., TheLetters ofTheodore Roosevelt, vol.1, edited byElting E. Morison.




21


 ꠖ          .    .




22


      The Long Trail (1976),   The Cattlemen (1958),   The Chisholm Trail (1954),    Cow Country (1942),   The Trampling Herd: TheStory ofthe Cattle Range inAmerican History (1939),    The Great Plains (1931)    The Day ofthe Cattleman (1929).




23


 (. dotcom)  ,    .  ⠖        1990- .        2000.




24


 (. longhorn  )      .




25


 ,    ,    ,      .        ,   , ,   ,           .




26


Donald Worster, Under Western Skies, 41.




27


Douglas D. Scott, Peter Bleed, andStephen Damm, Custer, Cody, andGrand Duke Alexis, 38.




28


 1820.               , ,   ,   .




29


  0,4.




30


Charles C. Mann, 1491: New Revelations ofthe Americas Before Columbus.




31


 -堖    1400,  XIX.   ( ) - ( -).




32


William T. Hornaday, TheExtermination ofthe American Bison, 39091.




33


, 393.




34


  ( 3200)        -   .   ( 2100)       --  .




35


   Oxford History ofthe American West, Milner etal., eds., 257.




36


Nathaniel Burt, Wyoming, 44.




37


E. C. Teddy Blue Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 102.




38


                 ,     ,       1808.




39


 ࠖ  (2600),     .      .




40


Francis Parkman Jr., TheOregon Trail, 244.




41


Hornaday, TheExtermination ofthe American Bison, 474.




42


Stanley Vestal, Dodge City, 47.




43


Geoffrey C. Ward, TheWest, 263.




44


, 263.




45


젖  ,    .  頖 .




46


Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 1012.




47


Dee Brown, Bury My Heart atWounded Knee, 241.




48


, 242.




49


      .      1864.      ,     , , ,   . . .




50


Roy Morris Jr., Sheridan, 34243.




51


      -  (),        .       ,     (    )         .




52


Hornaday, TheExtermination ofthe American Bison, 465.




53


, 52021.




54


George Duffield, Driving Cattle from Texas toIowa, 1866, Annals ofIowa.




55


Walt Whitman, Specimen Days andCollect, 48.




56


J. Frank Dobie, TheLonghorns, 206.




57


Wayne Gard, TheChisholm Trail, 17.




58


㠖  ,          .




59


Dobie, TheLonghorns, 147.




60


 (. vaquero , vaca )   .       .




61


 prairie schooner ( )   :      .




62


drag   rider .




63


E. C. Teddy Blue Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 6.




64


 :  . ,    1- ,    . [  ,     marrow gut,    .     Come An Get It: TheStory ofthe Old Cowboy Cook,      ,  ,   , ,    .  , , , ,  ,  .    ,    . . .]      .     23.   ,   []  .    [    ,      , , ,   . . .],    .  .     ,  . William H. Forbis, TheOld West: TheCowboys, 87.




65


Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 199.




66


, 37.




67


, 200




68


, 67.




69


Duffield, Driving Cattle from Texas toIowa, 1866.




70


                   .




71


 18 .




72


    .:S. C. Gwynne, Empire ofthe Summer Moon: Quanah Parker andthe Rise ofthe Comanches.




73


?蠖     ,   .     ,   (  )      -    .




74


W. J. Wilson, W. J. Wilsons Narrative, inThe Trail Drivers ofTexas, edited byJ. Marvin Hunter andGeorge W. Saunders, 913.




75


 1888.  ,   (  堖     )  蠖  ,   .




76


Gard, TheChisholm Trail, 29.




77


 ,    ,  18541858.   ,    .     -    ,    .




78


 1864 1889.,      .




79


Paul I. Wellman, TheTrampling Herd, 98.




80


  (Texas Panhandle)     .   panhandle         .




81


   -堖  2526 1876.   (, , )     .  ࠖ       ,    .    ,  .




82


     (     )    (18041806)      -   .




83


John Clay, My Life onthe Range, vi.




84


Theodore Roosevelt, Roosevelt Quotes, http://www.nps.gov/thro/learn/historyculture/theodore-roosevelt-quotes.htm (http://www.nps.gov/thro/learn/historyculture/theodore-roosevelt-quotes.htm).




85


Forbis, TheOld West: TheCowboy, 88.




86


蠖     .




87


Duffield, Driving Cattle from Texas toIowa, 1866.




88


       ⠖  -.




89


       ,      蠖  . ,   -     (  ),       ;      ,      .      . . .




90


Joseph Nimmo, Report inRegard tothe Range andRanch Cattle Business ofthe United States, 28.




91


R. D. Holt, TheProposed National Cattle Trail, TheCattleman, 57.




92


Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 6.




93


E. C. Teddy Blue Abbott, We Pointed Them North, 23.


