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   (   436-  29.12.2010 .)








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  .           () .  ,  ,   ,  ,   ,          .  ,   ,     ,  ,          ,      ,   ,       .

,      ,  ,   ,        () ,        ,    .



 Simon Read, 2024

This edition published by arrangement with Curtis Brown Ltd. and Synopsis Literary Agency.

    , , .

  , 2025


* * *








 ,

   


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    :    !

. .  .  II,  2[1 -  . -.]

       ,       ,       .

          [2 -  . .]












   .  

 ,   ,     ,      .    Ratcliffe    (cliff)   ,    ,    [3 - Ratcliffe   .    . .,    .].     蠖    ,     ,  ,      . ʠ XIX           ,   ,  [4 - James and Critchley, 8;   Phillips, 19.][5 -       ,    .].

      ,      (  ,       )  . ,           (     ,      ),     .         -[6 - -    -,     .]  [7 -    Stowe, 157;  - Tornbury, 134.].

 , 24-   ,       -, 29. -      - ,   1808        .   1811            ,     .   ,    ,    ,  ,    ,         ,    ,   ,   [8 - James and Critchley, 9, 11.].

7  1811 ,  ,    ,          ,        ,      .   ,      .  ,    ,    ,  -     .        (,   ),  ,     .       .    -  ,    ,     ,  ,         [9 -            ,     :       ,         . ,              (,   ).][10 - The Evening Mail, 'The Murders inRatcliffe Highway,' 11 December, 1811.].

    ,    .                 ?   ,      ,     ,   -    (  ),     .       . -   ,      .    ,  -   ,    .           [11 - The Morning Chronicle, 'Horrid andUnparalleled Murders!' 9December, 1811;     The Evening Mail, 'The Murders inRatcliffe Highway,' 11 December, 1811.].

,   ,      ,   ,   ,   ,     ,  ,    .           ,   .        .       , ,   .  ,             ,      .       .

 ,   .  ,     .

.

         .   ,      ,    ,     ,  .          .   ,  ,     ,      [12 - The Evening Mail, 'The Murders inRatcliffe Highway,' 11 December, 1811.].

        14-    -,   ,     ,     ;        .  , ,               ,      .         , ,   .   ,        .     [13 - The Morning Chronicle, 'Horrid andUnparalleled Murders!' 9December, 1811.].

  ,   ,   ,   ,     !

, ,   .       ,  -,    .          .   , -,       .     .          [14 - The (London) Star, 'The Murders inRatcliffe Highway,' 11 December, 1881.].

   ,    [15 - James and Critchley, 15.].


* * *

     , 10 ,    ,    ,   . [16 -           ;  ,      ,    .       ( ,  ),    . .      .]  ,  ,     ,    ,    ,     :



  -      ;    ,   ,       ;       ,    .   [sic] ,  ,    ,       -  .    ;       .   [  Goin,   Gowen], -,       .      ,       ,    [17 - The Evening Mail, 'The Murders inRatcliffe Highway,' 11 December, 1811.].


        ,     ,                 .     .  ,   ,            ,       ,   [18 -  .].

        ?  ?,    -   .  ( )         [19 -  3,5 .],    : ,  , ,     (   ),  ,        .      20-   ,    [20 -    The (London) Star, 'Murder ofMr Marr andFamily,' 10 December, 1811; The London Courier and Evening Gazette, 'Horrible Murders,' 9December, 1811.].

      ,   , 15 ,     .       ,  ,        .    -      ,                , ,       .     : -     ,       , [21 - The (London) Globe, 'Interment ofMr andMrs Marr, andInfant Son,' 16 December, 1811.].

      ,   ,    ,  , 20 ,       .The London Chronicle   ,      :



        ,      ,     ,          ,           - [22 - The London Chronicle, 'More Murders atRatcliffe,' 20 December, 1811.].


  :  , ,   .          --, 81.   56-    ,  60-            ,        . ,      ,    15 ,      ,       .   19       ,   ,   .  Ҹ,    ,   , ,     ,         ,       [23 -     The (London) News, 'More Murders,' 22 December, 1811;      The (London) National Register, 'Another Murder!' 22 December, 1811; The London Chronicle, 'Coroner's Inquest,' 23 December, 1811.].

Ҹ      .          .               ,    .

           ,        ,   ,     ,   :   !    !,    .

       -  (  ,  )     :  ! Ҹ      ,   ,      .    .    ,      ,  [24 - The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'Coroner's Inquest,' 23 December, 1811.].

         ,    ,   .       ,        .  ,  -,   ,       .    , - ,        .

    , Ҹ     ,    .       , ,    ,      .

   ,   ,       [25 -  183  (1  = 30,48 ).],     -  ,    ,  .    , -,  -,    .

Ҹ      ,          .

     .      .   ,      .      ,      .

  , Ҹ    .       (  ),              .    ,   , Ҹ      ,   .             , ,   ,   .   Ҹ,        .

 ,      ,                ,        .     ,    ,   , -  .    .

    ,   .      ,       ,   .     ,    .

     ,  .    ,       ,           . ,    .  , ,      ;    ,             ,          .

     ?     ,    .

   ,      ,       .    .

     .         ,   ,   ,    .      : ,       [26 -  .].

            ,        ,    .    :    ,   .          ,   ,      . ,    ,      [27 -    The Stamford Mercury, 'More Horrid Murders!' 27 December, 1811.].


* * *

        ,           ,       -. ,      ,     ,    14 000       1811         [28 - ,   De Quincey, 76;    Hurd, 101.].

                     ,       (   ,     ).                 . ,    ,        ,      ,    ,        .  The Englishman     ,      ,    ,    ,    ,    ,       ,      [29 -     Read, 9596;    The Englishman, 'The New Police,' 4October, 1829.].

 -   ,    ,       ,        ,      .    .  ,     ,               ,     ,    -     .         ,  ,    .             ,         ,               [30 -          . Hurd, 102;   The London Chronicle, 'Coroner's Inquest,' 23 December, 1811.].

     ,     ,   ,     ,   1748     .        -, 4,        , ,   [31 -       ,   ,    .].  The Illustrated London News,    , ,  , -  , ,        ;         [32 - Read, 9395;      The Illustrated London News, 'The Police Offices ofLondon,' 22 August, 1846.]. Ƞ:



             ,    .        ,         ,  [33 - The Illustrated London News, 'The Police Offices ofLondon,' 22 August, 1846.].


 ,      ,     ,   ,   ,            - ,  (,   ,    )      .  1753      ,           -[34 - Bow Street Runners,.  -.        -.].     .   ,          .          頖      ,    ,    - [35 -   The Illustrated London News, 'The Police Offices ofLondon,' 22 August, 1846;    Begg andSkinner, 7;    Fido andSkinner, 28.].

,     ,       -   .   19-     ,              .  ,        ,    .              .      Police Gazette,   -    ,   .  ,          ( )    ,   [36 - Read, 96.].

 ,   ,     ,       ,    ,      .     ,                      . ,            .      ,    ,    ,        .      ,    ,       [37 -  , 98.].

-      .        ,    ,                  ;   25  1725 .         ,    .      1743        ,     ,   [38 -  , 96, 99.].

   1754 .   -      ,            .  ,      -,   ,      .         ,         -.   1760-           ,  ,    ,     .   ,    18     .     (   )   1783 [39 -  3000  , 100101;  . Fido andSkinner, 28.].

    -      ,          .     1800      ,      . ,            ,           .     ,        ,      ,             [40 - Hurd, 103.].

,    ,       ,       .                ,       ,      .  ,   ,   , ,  ,        ;  - ,    ,           [41 - Browne, 54.].

 ,      -,       ,   ,     ,          .              : ,    ,     ,     ;    ;       ; -       ,    ; ,   , ,           ; ,          ,           [42 -  , 6061.].

 ,      ,     .       -,           ,   ,       .    ,        ,    ,    The Star.     ,        [43 - The (London) Star, 'The Late Murders,' 28 December, 1811.].

     ,       .           ,       ,       ,       -,   --[44 - Cunningham, 692.].


* * *

               .  ,      ,     -    ,              .       ,       ,    ,        [45 -    Browne, 53;     Begg andSkinner, 14.].

  1822  34-     ,    ,      ,     [46 -  ()  ( )     ,       .  ,         -  (    ).]      ,       .     .        젖      ,    [47 -   Hurd, 71;    Fido andSkinner, 193.].

,  ,    ,     ,  ,    -           ,        . ,              ,   [48 -   -   . Hurd, 71.].

,    ,               .   1829               [49 - Begg and Skinner, 16.].   :



          ,          ,   ,   ,              .


 :



               [50 -        (Metropolitan Police Act), 1829, .:https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo4/10/44/introduction (https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo4/10/44/introduction).].


  ,   ,     ,            ,           ,      [51 - Begg and Skinner, 16.].

     .      ,     ,    ,        .        . 19  1829    ,                 .       ,    ,    12     (   -).    17  ,      һ,        165 .   (),     ,            [52 - 17   Fido andSkinner, 12; Browne, 81; Hurd, 103.].

        46-   ,  ,              ,    , 32-  ,       .          ,   ,    ,  ,   ,      [53 - Fido and Skinner, 12; Hurd, 103;  ,  ,    Begg andSkinner, 18.].

,         ,    .   (    )     , 20 , 88   895 .      .         3200 ,           ,       .      ,    ,     ,    ,       [54 - Moss and Skinner, 1315;    Walker andKatz, 25.].

       ,   .     ,     ,    ,       .      ,      ,    ,    ,          ,      [55 - Fido and Skinner, 1516.].

,          ,   ,             .     ,    ,     ,          .             ,  ,  18 [56 -  0,5 .],      ,   -,     ,           [57 -      Fido andSkinner, 15;    Begg andSkinner, 1819.].


* * *

-      4  -;          --.      ;    ,  , ,         ,       ,          .   ,           [58 - Scott Land .  .].  ,  -,    ,       ,  -[59 -      Begg andSkinner, 17;   Fido andSkinner, 234; Moss andSkinner, 17.].

  1829 ,       ,    -     .  29 ,  ,   (           [ ] )   ,          -     .       ,           "    "[60 -          . Browne, 87.].

  ,    ,         ,     ,    .   ,   , ,        , ,  ,   :                 [61 - The Birmingham (UK) Journal, 'The New Police London,' 3October, 1829.].

            .  :         ,   6   The Times (     ),       ,  - [   ]         ,  ,     ,           [62 -    , The Times, 7 October, 1829.].

,     .  - ,       ,       .         .    , 11 ,                 .       ,       :  ,  !   , ![63 -     Begg andSkinner, 19;      , !. The Times, 'The New Police,' 14 October, 1829.].

    ,     ,     ,      .          50    ,   30 .     ,   (    )    ,    ,   -[64 - --    - ,    .][65 - The Times, 'The New Police,' 14 October, 1829.].

 The Times,       ,     , -,    ,  . Π, . 29 1830   (Police Constable, P.C.)      ,    .     -,  :     ,       .     .   , 16,          (   --)[66 -   The Times, 'The New Police,' 14 October, 1829; Fido andSkinner, 106; Begg andSkinner, 1920.].

  ,  -   .     ,      .     ,        ,         XIX       .                 ;         ();  ,             ,       .  ,            .  -           ,   .




1

 



.     

      ,      ,   ,       . ,     ,         ,               .           ,     .         1830      [67 - Drakard's Stamford News, 'Resurrectionists,' 26 November, 1830.].

             XIX      .           ,   .                       .    ,    ,        .    ,    ;          .   ,     ,  (   )     [68 - Shelley, 3738, 40.].

    (   1818 ),                     .  18231834       10  .       ,   ,  ,  : ,       800 ,    500  .       450500 .  ,    [69 -  ,    ,  : 'The study of anatomy in England from 1700 to the early 20


 century,' Journal of Anatomy, August2011 (vol.19, issue 2);   18 2011.].

         ,       1751 ,                 .   XIX ,        -,       [70 -     , 1751, The Statues Project, 1751: 25 George 2 c. 37: The Murder Act.].

     []   ,       ,     ,         .              [71 -   Bailey, 44.].

   ,   ,          .       ;    ,      .    ,             .      ,      ,  , .     ,   ,    (    )     .    ,              .   ,     .        16  (    22002800 )[72 -   1,05  :    21 ,    20.][73 -       16  Bailey, 45, 47;   : Pietila, Antero (October2018), 'In Need ofCadavers, 19


 Century Medical Students Raided Baltimore's Graves,' Smithsonian Magazine (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/in-need-cadavers-19th-century-medical-students-raided-baltimores-graves-180970629/ (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/in-need-cadavers-19th-century-medical-students-raided-baltimores-graves-180970629/));      The Berkshire Chronicle, 'A Knowledge ofAnatomy obtained without theassistance ofBurkers orResurrectionists,' 31 December, 1831.].

               ,         .               ,      ,   [74 -  ,      Jackson, 108.].  -   .    27 1830  The Northampton Mercury:



  .    ,        , :      6- ,     ,       ,        ;         ,  ,       . , ![75 - The Northampton Mercury, 'Preservation ofthe Dead,' 27 February, 1830.]


    .  1828    10  16            .      (  )      ,      .   ,  ,   ,       .    ,     ,   ,   .   28  1829    .     ,     ,      [76 - ;BBC (20 June, 2014), 'The macabre world of books bound in human skin';The Scotsman, 'Dressed toKill: Burke Trial Gown Found After 200 Years'. 6August, 2012; 'William Burke,' TheUniversity ofEdinburgh Anatomical Museum website.].


* * *

    ,      (  ,  ),   , 5  1831 ,  11:45.  ,      ,         .   :      .    ,       .

   ,   ,   ,    , :      ?

  ,   ,    (   ).

    14- .        12 .

 ,    ,       ,            .       (          ),      . ,   ,        .

    ,     !         , ,  .

   ,     .    .     .

              .            .     .    .         ,  ,  ,   .  , -,         [77 - The Trial, Sentence, and Confessions of Bishop, Williams, and May at the Old Bailey on Friday, December 2, 1831 (堖 TSC), 14; The Evening Mail, 'Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' 9November, 1831.].

,  ,   .  ,     ,   ,        .        .          ,    ,    .       ,     .          ,   ,     ,     .   ,   .   ,    [78 -          TSC, 14;    The Evening Mail, 'Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' 9November, 1831.].

            .    ,   ,   .     ,      .          ,   ,    .       ,        ,   ,    ,    [79 - The Berkshire Chronicle, 'The Italian Boy,' 12 November, 1831.].

,     ,     50-   - , ,    ,    .

  ,   ,   ,         .

      50-   ,   - .

   ,          .  15              F (  -),      . ,   ,       ,     .    (   )  - ,      ,       .   ,    ,       [80 - TSC, 15, 19.].

       ?     .         .

 :

     .    ,       .       ,    .

   ,   .

 ,   ,     ,    ,  . ,  .

  ,     .

  ,  ![81 -       : TSC, 19;The Evening Mail, 'An Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' 9November, 1831.]

 ,        ,    .       ,        .   ,    ,   ,   .    ,       [82 - TSC, 11.].

      .


* * *

              -.     ,         ,     ,        ,  The Times. ,     ,   ,   ,     -  [83 - The Times,   , 7 November, 1831.].

       . ,  , ,           ,     .  :       ,     ,     .   ,      :      [84 -     ,     .].

      ,  ,      ,   ,   .   ,   ,   28-     :             .     ,    ,    .

 ,    -    ,  .  ,            ,  .

    ,   ,        .

      .

 ,     ,     ,        .

    ,      ,    .               [85 -  .].

  ,  ,           .   ,      36 .   ,   ,     ,     .  ,         .     ,   , -,  .   ,   ,      ;  []        [86 - TSC, 17.].

  ,   6 ,        .               1314 .          ,   ,         .      [87 -  1314   . The Evening Mail, 'An Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' 9November, 1831.].

,            .    ,   ,     :        ,           .         ,        .      ,     -     1 ,  [88 - TSC, 25.].

 .   -.

              .                 .            ,       .  ,           ;  ,            .    , ,         ,             [89 - The Evening Mail, 'An Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' Wednesday, 9 November, 1831; TSC, 16, 17.].

        .     ,     .      ,   .  ,        .        .     ,    ,          [90 - TSC, 1718.].


* * *

  , 8 ,        ,    --, 39.       ,        .          .      .  : 4 ,  ,              12  ,    .    , ,    ,  ,       .

  ,   ,      ,  .

 ,         1415 .   12    [91 - 1  = 21 .].   ,  , [92 -  , 23.].

     ,   ,   ,          : ,      .         [93 -  .].

  ( ,     ),      .            -.

,   ,    ,    ,     .  ,      ,    ,       ,          .       . ,     , ,       ,      .

    ,      ,   ,       ,    ,     [94 - ,    The Globe, 'Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' 9November, 1831;     The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'The Italian Boy Adjourned Inquest,' 11 November, 1831.].

     .            ,       ( :  , , ,  )   -     [95 - The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'The Italian Boy Adjourned Inquest,' 11 November, 1831.].


* * *

        ,      ,      (--, 3,  -[96 - -         ,     ,  -.]),  ,   .      ,    -, 4,    ,    .       ,     [ ]     ,  ,   [97 - ,  ,    .         (     ).][98 -      Notes andQueries, 223.].

,    , ,      4 .   ,         ,      .

  ,         ,   .     ,   ,   .    - ,     .

       ,         .   ,   ,      ;     .  ,      ,     .       .        ,      .     ,    ,   [99 - TSC, 1920.].

                 .         .   , , 4 ,  ,            -.

         ,   ,   ,  ,    .  -    ,  ,   -   .  , ,     ,    .   [?]      ,  ,    .   :   - .   ,         .    ,   .  -         ,     ,        [100 -  , 21.].

   (      )      : 4 ,  ,     ,    .             .         ,    -    ,      -. , ,   ,   ,     - .  ,   ,   .      ,    .  ,        ,      .  ,     ,   .         ,    ,   ,   - . ,          .  (5 ,  )   ,        ,     .   ,    ,  [101 - TSC, 22; ,      Bell's Weekly Messenger, 'Alleged Case ofHorrid Murder byBurking anItalian Boy,' 13 November, 1831.].

      ,        .  ,  :    ,   ,     ? 11 ,  ,      (   )        -.    The Times         ,  :



       - , ,      ,     ,     ,    ,          [102 -     The Times  : Wise (Kindle Edition).].


                        ,      .    ,    :       ,       ,  ,   ,   - [103 - The Morning Advertiser, 'The Murder ofthe Italian Boy,' 12 November, 1831.].

             ,       .    -   ,     .     .    ,     ,   ,      ,    ,      .           [104 -       . Bell's Weekly Messenger, 'Alleged Case ofHorrid Murder byBurking anItalian Boy,' 14 November, 1831; The Public Ledger and Advertiser, 'Alleged Murder ofthe Italian Boy,' 12 November, 1831.].


* * *

,        F,         ,      , 19 ,  ,      -  ,     .     .   ,   ,  ,     .         ,   - ,     ,   ,   ,         .  ,    ,     .       :  ,     ,       , ,     - [105 -           The Times, 'The Murdered Italian Boy,' 21 November, 1831; ,      . TSC, 27.].

       .           -.  ,   [106 -   ,   ,  , -  . . (    ).],    .  ,       ,       :       ,     .        1830,     .   ,    :  ,   ,       .   :   ,       [107 -       . Wise (Kindle Edition); The Times, 'The Murdered Italian Boy,' 21 November, 1831;   TSC, 24.].

          -  .     ,     ,        .       ,      .     -- ,            .   ,    ,   , 2 ,   -[108 - -          (   ).].    .  ,   :   ,            [109 -      The London Courier and Evening Gazette, 'The Murdered Italian Boy,' 21 November, 1831;   The Times, 'Trial ofBishop, Williams, andMay ofthe Italian Boy,' 3December, 1831; ,      The (London) Morning Herald, 'Final Examination ofthe Parties Charged with theMurder ofthe Italian Boy,' 26 November, 1831.].

      -                  ,      .  , ,   ,     ,     ,     ,       ,   ,      [110 - The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'Trial ofthe Three Resurrection Men forthe Murder ofthe Italian Boy,' 3December, 1831.].

       ,        ,         .    :     , 5 .   ,         ,      ,          .  ,      ,     ,            3 ,  .      ,   .  ,     ,    ,    .           .       ,           .

      ,   ,   .        ,            .      ,    [111 -     : TSC, 3637.].

       45 ,   ,     .     ,   .     (, 4 )      .        .   ,   ,         .      ,     .   ,      .     ,        .     ,    -      --  ,    .   ,     (        ),  ,      .      ,   .






 1831 ,   ,        



         ,   ,      - ,    .      ,          .

      ( )     [112 -  *  : TSC, 3738.*       - (      -),    ,            .].

  ,   ,     .   ,         ,       10  (          ).           .         ,     .              ,     [113 -  , 40, 42.].

 ,       ,     12 .       ,      5      ,    .          ,  The Preston Chronicle,       . , -,  ,     [114 -      The Preston Chronicle, 'The Trial ofBishop, May, andWilliams forthe Murder ofthe Italian Boy,' 10 December, 1863.].

  ,      ,    .        :       ,            .


* * *

,     . -       -.  ,     ,    ,           -  .  ,    ,  ()     (    ).  ,       60 ,    ,     ,   .   ,    ,   ,         -[115 - Wise (Kindle Edition).].

   ,      ,   ,         --,       ,            .       ,      .      . The Examiner     : ,    ,       -       12 (,      ,  ),                ,              [116 -  .].

      .    (     ),   1832       (         ,   ).       .          .           .          ,    2004      ,          ,   , ,     [117 - Anatomy Act of 1832,  ; , ,  Human Tissue Authority website; BBC News, 'Q&A: Human Tissue Act', 30 August, 2006.].




2





  -.    

-,    ,   1830-      .    ,       ,          .  ,  ,      .             ,    -[118 -  -         - .      .   XIII .].               .        1833,   ,    ,      ⠖  ( ) ,      .  ,     13 -,      ,   [119 -     Begg andSkinner, 22;     Browne, 104.].

    600 , ,   ,       ,   .  The London Courier and Evening Gazette,   ; -   ,  .    ,   .   ,             ;   ,   [120 - Browne, 104105;     . The London Courier and Evening Gazette, 'The Meeting ofthe National Union,' 14 May, 1833.].

            -.    ,    ,    .     ,             .  ,            ,       .        -  ,          [121 -      ,   :         .].            . -       ,      .      ,        [..   ],    [122 -     . Browne, 105, 106;     Melville, 310311.].

        ,    ,        ,    .         -             -[123 -     Begg andSkinner, 19.].

    , 28  1836 . -          ,    -,    -.                 ,     .  ,      - . ,     ,  [124 - -  The Morning Post, 'A Mutilated Human Body Found,' 30 December, 1836.].

   ,  ,           .   ,    ,   ,        .   ,      .   ,      .    ,    .       .   : ! !       ,    S ():   ,        [125 -  ;     . The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'The Mysterious Affair inthe Edgware Road,' 2January, 1837; The Times, 'Suspected Murder,' 30 December, 1836.].

      (  ,   )         , , ,   .               (            ).      .    ø,  .     ,      ,    ,   ,        [126 - The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'The Mysterious Affair inthe Edgware Road,' 2January, 1837.].

     .        ,       .             ,   ø.            .     ,      ,      .     ,       ,   .            (      -      ),  , ,   ,    [127 -  .].

  ø,    30  40 .      ,     5  8 [128 -  173 .].        ,  ,   ,   ,     .   ,      .     . ,          ,    ,  ø.        :      [129 -   .  ; ,   The Times, 'Suspected Murder,' 30 December, 1836.].

 ø  ,  ,   ,   .       ,    ,        [130 - . .        (     ).] (    )        .    ,    . ,     -  ,      ,  ,    [131 - The Morning Post, 'A Mutilated Human Body Found,' 30 December, 1836.].

  ,   , ,     ,           ,  ,        [] .     ,         .       .         .        ,   .  , ,    , ,     ?   ,       ,   ,      .      ,    ,       ,   [132 -  .].

        -    ?

   28          T ()    .            ,          .        .      ,         ,    ,    ,        [133 -    The Times, 'Suspected Murder,' 30 December, 1836.].

 , 30 ,The Times :



                    -  -,    ,  ,      ,    ,    ,   [134 -  .].


  -       .        ,          .      ,          .               -  ,       .            ,   ,       ,   ,     .        ,       .   , 7  1837 ,  [135 -     The Morning Post, 'A Mutilated Human Body Found,' 30 December, 1836;    The Morning Post, 'The Late Mysterious Murder inthe Edgware Road,' 12 January, 1837; The Chelmsford Chronicle, 'The Edgware Road Murder,' 13 January, 1837.].


* * *

-     .    ( )  -- ( )            .  7    ,              ( ),     ,       .   ,   ,  ,         [136 - The Chelmsford Chronicle, 'The Edgware Road Murder,' 13 January, 1837.].

 ,      .     ,    ,  ,          , ,  ,        .     ,     .        .   --,     ,      [137 - The Weekly True Sun, 'The Edgware Road Murder,' 14 January, 1837.]:



   - .      ;        .   ,      :     ,     ,   .   ,   , -,   .            ,   ;  ,          [138 -  .].


  ,     - .         ,  10 ,         ( -).            [139 - The Times, 'Discovery ofthe Head ofa Female,' 8January, 1837; 'The Late Mysterious Murder inthe Edgware Road,' 10 January, 1837.].

  ,           ,     .  ø    .   ,   ,    - ,   ,    .   ,   .      ,       ,  ,  ,     .      ;        ,   .         ,   , , [140 -    The Weekly True Sun, 'The Edgware Road Murder,' 15 January, 1837;    The Times, 'The Late Mysterious Murder inthe Edgware Road,' 10 January, 1837.].   ( The Evening Standard)   :



      ,     ,  ,         ,           [141 - The Evening Standard, 'The Edgware-Road Murder,' 13 February, 1837.].


                ,     ,        . ,        (  ).      ,   .

  ,  2 ,  ,   .  ,      - (,  ),        ,       .    ,      .            ,      .     ,         [142 - Bell's Weekly Messenger, 'Discovery ofthe Legs ofthe Woman,' 5February, 1837.]




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Notes





1


 . -.




2


 . .




3


Ratcliffe   .    . .,    .




4


James and Critchley, 8;   Phillips, 19.




5


      ,    .




6


-    -,     .




7


   Stowe, 157;  - Tornbury, 134.




8


James and Critchley, 9, 11.




9


           ,     :       ,         . ,              (,   ).




10


The Evening Mail, 'The Murders inRatcliffe Highway,' 11 December, 1811.




11


The Morning Chronicle, 'Horrid andUnparalleled Murders!' 9December, 1811;     The Evening Mail, 'The Murders inRatcliffe Highway,' 11 December, 1811.




12


The Evening Mail, 'The Murders inRatcliffe Highway,' 11 December, 1811.




13


The Morning Chronicle, 'Horrid andUnparalleled Murders!' 9December, 1811.




14


The (London) Star, 'The Murders inRatcliffe Highway,' 11 December, 1881.




15


James and Critchley, 15.




16


          ;  ,      ,    .       ( ,  ),    . .      .




17


The Evening Mail, 'The Murders inRatcliffe Highway,' 11 December, 1811.




18


 .




19


 3,5 .




20


   The (London) Star, 'Murder ofMr Marr andFamily,' 10 December, 1811; The London Courier and Evening Gazette, 'Horrible Murders,' 9December, 1811.




21


The (London) Globe, 'Interment ofMr andMrs Marr, andInfant Son,' 16 December, 1811.




22


The London Chronicle, 'More Murders atRatcliffe,' 20 December, 1811.




23


    The (London) News, 'More Murders,' 22 December, 1811;      The (London) National Register, 'Another Murder!' 22 December, 1811; The London Chronicle, 'Coroner's Inquest,' 23 December, 1811.




24


The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'Coroner's Inquest,' 23 December, 1811.




25


 183  (1  = 30,48 ).




26


 .




27


   The Stamford Mercury, 'More Horrid Murders!' 27 December, 1811.




28


,   De Quincey, 76;    Hurd, 101.




29


    Read, 9596;    The Englishman, 'The New Police,' 4October, 1829.




30


         . Hurd, 102;   The London Chronicle, 'Coroner's Inquest,' 23 December, 1811.




31


      ,   ,    .




32


Read, 9395;      The Illustrated London News, 'The Police Offices ofLondon,' 22 August, 1846.




33


The Illustrated London News, 'The Police Offices ofLondon,' 22 August, 1846.




34


Bow Street Runners,.  -.        -.




35


  The Illustrated London News, 'The Police Offices ofLondon,' 22 August, 1846;    Begg andSkinner, 7;    Fido andSkinner, 28.




36


Read, 96.




37


 , 98.




38


 , 96, 99.




39


 3000  , 100101;  . Fido andSkinner, 28.




40


Hurd, 103.




41


Browne, 54.




42


 , 6061.




43


The (London) Star, 'The Late Murders,' 28 December, 1811.




44


Cunningham, 692.




45


   Browne, 53;     Begg andSkinner, 14.




46


 ()  ( )     ,       .  ,         -  (    ).




47


  Hurd, 71;    Fido andSkinner, 193.




48


  -   . Hurd, 71.




49


Begg and Skinner, 16.




50


       (Metropolitan Police Act), 1829, .:https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo4/10/44/introduction (https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Geo4/10/44/introduction).




51


Begg and Skinner, 16.




52


17   Fido andSkinner, 12; Browne, 81; Hurd, 103.




53


Fido and Skinner, 12; Hurd, 103;  ,  ,    Begg andSkinner, 18.




54


Moss and Skinner, 1315;    Walker andKatz, 25.




55


Fido and Skinner, 1516.




56


 0,5 .




57


     Fido andSkinner, 15;    Begg andSkinner, 1819.




58


Scott Land .  .




59


     Begg andSkinner, 17;   Fido andSkinner, 234; Moss andSkinner, 17.




60


         . Browne, 87.




61


The Birmingham (UK) Journal, 'The New Police London,' 3October, 1829.




62


   , The Times, 7 October, 1829.




63


    Begg andSkinner, 19;      , !. The Times, 'The New Police,' 14 October, 1829.




64


--    - ,    .




65


The Times, 'The New Police,' 14 October, 1829.




66


  The Times, 'The New Police,' 14 October, 1829; Fido andSkinner, 106; Begg andSkinner, 1920.




67


Drakard's Stamford News, 'Resurrectionists,' 26 November, 1830.




68


Shelley, 3738, 40.




69


 ,    ,  : 'The study of anatomy in England from 1700 to the early 20


 century,' Journal of Anatomy, August2011 (vol.19, issue 2);   18 2011.




70


    , 1751, The Statues Project, 1751: 25 George 2 c. 37: The Murder Act.




71


  Bailey, 44.




72


  1,05  :    21 ,    20.




73


      16  Bailey, 45, 47;   : Pietila, Antero (October2018), 'In Need ofCadavers, 19


 Century Medical Students Raided Baltimore's Graves,' Smithsonian Magazine (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/in-need-cadavers-19th-century-medical-students-raided-baltimores-graves-180970629/ (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/in-need-cadavers-19th-century-medical-students-raided-baltimores-graves-180970629/));      The Berkshire Chronicle, 'A Knowledge ofAnatomy obtained without theassistance ofBurkers orResurrectionists,' 31 December, 1831.




74


 ,      Jackson, 108.




75


The Northampton Mercury, 'Preservation ofthe Dead,' 27 February, 1830.




76


;BBC (20 June, 2014), 'The macabre world of books bound in human skin';The Scotsman, 'Dressed toKill: Burke Trial Gown Found After 200 Years'. 6August, 2012; 'William Burke,' TheUniversity ofEdinburgh Anatomical Museum website.




77


The Trial, Sentence, and Confessions of Bishop, Williams, and May at the Old Bailey on Friday, December 2, 1831 (堖 TSC), 14; The Evening Mail, 'Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' 9November, 1831.




78


         TSC, 14;    The Evening Mail, 'Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' 9November, 1831.




79


The Berkshire Chronicle, 'The Italian Boy,' 12 November, 1831.




80


TSC, 15, 19.




81


      : TSC, 19;The Evening Mail, 'An Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' 9November, 1831.




82


TSC, 11.




83


The Times,   , 7 November, 1831.




84


    ,     .




85


 .




86


TSC, 17.




87


 1314   . The Evening Mail, 'An Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' 9November, 1831.




88


TSC, 25.




89


The Evening Mail, 'An Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' Wednesday, 9 November, 1831; TSC, 16, 17.




90


TSC, 1718.




91


1  = 21 .




92


 , 23.




93


 .




94


,    The Globe, 'Inquest onthe Italian Boy,' 9November, 1831;     The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'The Italian Boy Adjourned Inquest,' 11 November, 1831.




95


The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'The Italian Boy Adjourned Inquest,' 11 November, 1831.




96


-         ,     ,  -.




97


,  ,    .         (     ).




98


     Notes andQueries, 223.




99


TSC, 1920.




100


 , 21.




101


TSC, 22; ,      Bell's Weekly Messenger, 'Alleged Case ofHorrid Murder byBurking anItalian Boy,' 13 November, 1831.




102


    The Times  : Wise (Kindle Edition).




103


The Morning Advertiser, 'The Murder ofthe Italian Boy,' 12 November, 1831.




104


      . Bell's Weekly Messenger, 'Alleged Case ofHorrid Murder byBurking anItalian Boy,' 14 November, 1831; The Public Ledger and Advertiser, 'Alleged Murder ofthe Italian Boy,' 12 November, 1831.




105


          The Times, 'The Murdered Italian Boy,' 21 November, 1831; ,      . TSC, 27.




106


  ,   ,  , -  . . (    ).




107


      . Wise (Kindle Edition); The Times, 'The Murdered Italian Boy,' 21 November, 1831;   TSC, 24.




108


-          (   ).




109


     The London Courier and Evening Gazette, 'The Murdered Italian Boy,' 21 November, 1831;   The Times, 'Trial ofBishop, Williams, andMay ofthe Italian Boy,' 3December, 1831; ,      The (London) Morning Herald, 'Final Examination ofthe Parties Charged with theMurder ofthe Italian Boy,' 26 November, 1831.




110


The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'Trial ofthe Three Resurrection Men forthe Murder ofthe Italian Boy,' 3December, 1831.




111


    : TSC, 3637.




112


 *  : TSC, 3738.

*       - (      -),    ,            .




113


 , 40, 42.




114


     The Preston Chronicle, 'The Trial ofBishop, May, andWilliams forthe Murder ofthe Italian Boy,' 10 December, 1863.




115


Wise (Kindle Edition).




116


 .




117


Anatomy Act of 1832,  ; , ,  Human Tissue Authority website; BBC News, 'Q&A: Human Tissue Act', 30 August, 2006.




118


 -         - .      .   XIII .




119


    Begg andSkinner, 22;     Browne, 104.




120


Browne, 104105;     . The London Courier and Evening Gazette, 'The Meeting ofthe National Union,' 14 May, 1833.




121


     ,   :         .




122


    . Browne, 105, 106;     Melville, 310311.




123


    Begg andSkinner, 19.




124


-  The Morning Post, 'A Mutilated Human Body Found,' 30 December, 1836.




125


 ;     . The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'The Mysterious Affair inthe Edgware Road,' 2January, 1837; The Times, 'Suspected Murder,' 30 December, 1836.




126


The Public Ledger and Daily Advertiser, 'The Mysterious Affair inthe Edgware Road,' 2January, 1837.




127


 .




128


 173 .




129


  .  ; ,   The Times, 'Suspected Murder,' 30 December, 1836.




130


. .        (     ).




131


The Morning Post, 'A Mutilated Human Body Found,' 30 December, 1836.




132


 .




133


   The Times, 'Suspected Murder,' 30 December, 1836.




134


 .




135


    The Morning Post, 'A Mutilated Human Body Found,' 30 December, 1836;    The Morning Post, 'The Late Mysterious Murder inthe Edgware Road,' 12 January, 1837; The Chelmsford Chronicle, 'The Edgware Road Murder,' 13 January, 1837.




136


The Chelmsford Chronicle, 'The Edgware Road Murder,' 13 January, 1837.




137


The Weekly True Sun, 'The Edgware Road Murder,' 14 January, 1837.




138


 .




139


The Times, 'Discovery ofthe Head ofa Female,' 8January, 1837; 'The Late Mysterious Murder inthe Edgware Road,' 10 January, 1837.




140


   The Weekly True Sun, 'The Edgware Road Murder,' 15 January, 1837;    The Times, 'The Late Mysterious Murder inthe Edgware Road,' 10 January, 1837.




141


The Evening Standard, 'The Edgware-Road Murder,' 13 February, 1837.




142


Bell's Weekly Messenger, 'Discovery ofthe Legs ofthe Woman,' 5February, 1837.


