  :       
Open Gamer


 "  "           .       ,       ,    ,   .         ,       .





Open Gamer

  :       





 1.   




1.1.   : 1940-1960- 



  20-         .    ,         .   1940-      ,      .



      "--" (Tic-Tac-Toe),   1951   ,   .       EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator),   .  ,        .



 1950-      ,   "  " (Spacewar!),   1962       (MIT).              .



 1960-      . 1964     " " (Space Travel),     ,    .     PDP-1 (Programmable Data Processor-1),  -.



           .        .   1960-      ,  .



       "  " (Computer Space),   1971      ,    Atari.          .



 ,    1940-1960-        .             .       1970-     .



1.2.   : 1970-1980- 



 1970-       ,        .           ,        .



  , "Computer Space",    1971   Nolan Bushnell  Ted Dabney,     Atari. ,      ,     "Pong" 1972 ,    .  ,     ,  ,       .



 "Pong"        ,   "Space Invaders" (1978), "Asteroids" (1979)  "Pac-Man" (1980).           .    - 1970- 1980- ,       .



           .        ,      .       ,   ,      .



         .       ,        .     ,   Atari, Sega Nintendo,  



 1980-       .   ,     ,    .     ,  ,    .



,   1980-       .          ,     .  ,    ,    ,   .



  ,         .       ,       ,              ,       .



1.3.   : 1980-1990- 



 1980-       .             ,      .       ,         .



  



  1980-       ,   Commodore 64, Apple II  IBM PC.            . ,        ,    17   .



   



      ,     . ,   "Pac-Man", "Donkey Kong"  "Space Invaders",       .    ,  ,      .



  



 1980-      ,   ,     . , "Super Mario Bros." "The Legend of Zelda",       .       ,      .



  



 1980-      . ,   Electronic Arts, Activision  Sierra On-Line,           .    ,   ,     ,   .







1980-        .              . ,   ,     .        1990-  ,    .






 2.    




2.1.  8-  16- : 1980-1990- 



  1970-   1980-        .       ,       .    8- 16-        .



 8- 



 1980   Atari     , 2600,        .    8- ,   Nintendo Entertainment System (NES)  Sega Master System,   .             .



NES,   1985 ,        .           ,    ,    ,  Super Mario Bros. The Legend of Zelda. Sega Master System, 1986   ,      NES  .



 16- 



  1980-   16-        . Sega Genesis (  Mega Drive   ) Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES)       .



Sega Genesis,   1989 ,   16- ,    .            ,  8- . SNES, 1991        ,    ,    ,  Super Mario World The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past.



   



 8-  16-       .         ,     .  ,        ,     .



 8-  16-       ,        . ,   Nintendo Sega,  ,   



 ,  8-  16-        .         ,       .       1990- ,  3D-    .



2.2.  3D-: 1990-2000- 



  1980-            .       ,         ,         .



   ,   3D-,  "Wolfenstein 3D",   1992   id Software.      ,          .      ,       .



  1990-       .   "Descent"  "Freespace"           .       ,      .



     1990-   "Quake",   1996   id Software.      ,            . "Quake"   ,    3D-,      .



  1990-     .   PlayStation  Nintendo 64           .  "Tomb Raider" "The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina Time"              .



 2000-     .   ,      ,        .   "Half-Life 2" "Halo"              .




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