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  PDF A4   .





 

  



Artificial general intelligence by Julian Togelius

 2024 Massachusetts Institute of Technology

            ()

   , 2025


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     Meta Platforms Inc.,        ,                 ,     25.07.2002 114-    .


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1.


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      (artificial general intelligence),   (AGI), ,        .      ,      .     :  ,      .[1 - Bill Gates, The Age of AI Has Begun, GatesNotes (blog), March 21, 2023, https://www.gatesnotes.com/The-Age-of-AI-Has-Begun.]  ,        Doom,   :  ,      ,       .[2 - Glenn Hunter, Exclusive Q&A: John Carmacks Different Path to Artificial General Intelligence, Dallas Innovates, February 2, 2023, https://dallasinnovates.com/exclusive-qa-john-carmacks-different-path-to-artificial-general-intelligence/.]         ,    ,        ,  .[3 - Murray Shanahan, The Technological Singularity (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015);  ,   (:   , 2017).]   ,   ,     .                 2014 ,        .[4 - Ben Goertzel, Artificial General Intelligence: Concept, State of the Art, and Future Prospects, Journal of Artificial General Intelligence 5, no. 1 (2014): 1.]

          ,         ,      .        (narrow AI),          .             .

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1997   :       .  IBM        Deep Blue     ,        .[11 - Murray Campbell, A. Joseph Hoane Jr., and Feng-hsiung Hsu, Deep Blue, Artificial Intelligence 134, nos. 12 (2002): 5783.]      ,   Deep Blue        .       ,  ,       .  ,  ,      -     ,  ,     ,      .[12 - Garry Kasparov, Deep Thinking: Where Machine Intelligence Ends and Human Creativity Begins (London: John Murray, 2017);  ,   .    (:  , 2018).]

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   2016 ,    Google  DeepMind   AlphaGo.     Deep Blue, AlphaGo    ,            .         ,          .         ,          .[13 - David Silver et al., Mastering the Game of Go with Deep Neural Networks and Tree Search, Nature 529, no. 7587 (2016): 484489.]

 AlphaGo             .[14 - Elizabeth Gibney, Go Players React to Computer Defeat, Nature, January 2016, 24.]    :   ,        ,    AlphaGo     .   ,           AlphaGo,    Deep Blue,      .          ,                  .

      ,           .[15 -   Stockfish,   ,     ,     stockfishchess.org.]  ,     ,     .      .  ,                   .      ,            .      .

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notes








1


Bill Gates, The Age of AI Has Begun, GatesNotes (blog), March 21, 2023, https://www.gatesnotes.com/The-Age-of-AI-Has-Begun.




2


Glenn Hunter, Exclusive Q&A: John Carmacks Different Path to Artificial General Intelligence, Dallas Innovates, February 2, 2023, https://dallasinnovates.com/exclusive-qa-john-carmacks-different-path-to-artificial-general-intelligence/.




3


Murray Shanahan, The Technological Singularity (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015);  ,   (:   , 2017).




4


Ben Goertzel, Artificial General Intelligence: Concept, State of the Art, and Future Prospects, Journal of Artificial General Intelligence 5, no. 1 (2014): 1.




5


Shane Legg and Marcus Hutter, A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence, Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications 157 (2007): 17.




6


M.Mitchell Waldrop, The Dream Machine (Toronto: Stripe Press, 2018).




7


Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell, Principia Mathematica (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1910);  .    ,  : 3. :  , 2005.




8


Allen Newell and Herbert Simon, The Logic Theory Machine  a Complex Information Processing System, IRE Transactions on Information Theory 2, no. 3 (1956): 6179.




9


T. Anthony Marsland, A Review of Game-Tree Pruning, ICGA Journal 9, no. 1 (1986): 319.




10


Nathan Ensmenger, Is Chess the Drosophila of Artificial Intelligence? A Social History of an Algorithm, Social Studies of Science 42, no. 1 (2012): 530.




11


Murray Campbell, A. Joseph Hoane Jr., and Feng-hsiung Hsu, Deep Blue, Artificial Intelligence 134, nos. 12 (2002): 5783.




12


Garry Kasparov, Deep Thinking: Where Machine Intelligence Ends and Human Creativity Begins (London: John Murray, 2017);  ,   .    (:  , 2018).




13


David Silver et al., Mastering the Game of Go with Deep Neural Networks and Tree Search, Nature 529, no. 7587 (2016): 484489.




14


Elizabeth Gibney, Go Players React to Computer Defeat, Nature, January 2016, 24.




15


  Stockfish,   ,     ,     stockfishchess.org.


