  .     
 


  ,                        .         ,   1988     ,       ,       ,      .  "  "  ,       ,         ,       .  ,  ,    ,           .

          ,       ,         .              .       ,  -       ,      .       XX ,  ,         .     ,    .  ,   ,     ,    . ,       (,   ),    .

  PDF A4   .





 

  .     



Luigi Zingales

A Capitalism for the People. Recapturing the Lost Genius of American Prosperity



   , 2016

Copyright  2012 by Luigi Zingales

Published by Basic Books, A Member of the Perseus Books Group.


* * *


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  ,            .             .                :            .          .           .       ,    .   ,       ,    .        [13 - .: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson, Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution, Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 2002, vol. 117, pp. 12311294,  Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson, The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation, American Economic Review, December 2001, vol. 91, pp. 13691401.].

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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=71546290)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


  (     )               GRE (Graduate Record Examination). . .




2


 2010      49445 ;  2000    53164 . .: US Census Bureau, http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/household/ (http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/household/), Table H-6.




3


 2010                31793 ;  1980  (    2010 )   39250 ,      19%. .: US Census Bureau, http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/people/ (http://www.census.gov/hhes/www/income/data/historical/people/), Table P-8.




4


     Pew    : http://www.people-press.org/2011/12/15/frustration-with-congress-could-hurt-republican-incumbents/ (http://www.people-press.org/2011/12/15/frustration-with-congress-could-hurt-republican-incumbents/).




5


S.Djankov, R.La Porta, F.Lopez-de-Silanes, and A.Shleifer, The Regulation of Entry, Quarterly Journal of Economics 117 (February 2002): 1-37.




6


L.Guiso, P.Sapienza, and L.Zingales, Peoples Opium? Religion and Economic Attitudes, Journal of Monetary Economics 50 (2003): 225282.




7


Jonathan Reuter and Eric Zitzewitz, Do Ads Influence Editors? Advertising and Bias in the Financial Media, Quarterly Journal of Economics 121, no. 1 (2006): 197227.




8


Richard Smith, Conflicts of Interest: How Money Clouds Objectivity, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 99 (June 2006): 292297.




9


Rafael Di Tella and Robert MacCulloch, Why Doesnt Capitalism Flow to Poor Countries? Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 40, no. 1 (2009): 285332.




10


A.Alesina, E.Glaeser, and B.Sacerdote, Why Doesnt the US Have a European-Style Welfare State? Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 32, no. 2 (2001): 187277.




11


Primo Rapporto Luiss, Generare Classe Dirigente: Un Percorso da Costruire (Rome: Luiss University Press, 2007).




12


US Office of Management and Budget, http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Historicals (http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/Historicals); . : B. R. Mitchell, International Historical Statistics: The Americas 17501988 (New York: Stockton Press, 1993).




13


.: Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson, Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution, Quarterly Journal of Economics, November 2002, vol. 117, pp. 12311294,  Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson, The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation, American Economic Review, December 2001, vol. 91, pp. 13691401.




14


Adam Hochschild, King Leopolds Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa (Boston: Mariner Books, 1999).




15


R.Rajan and L. Zingales, The Great Reversals: The Politics of Financial Development in the 20th Century, Journal of 'Financial Economics 69 (2003): 550.




16


L.Guiso, P.Sapienza, and L.Zingales, Does Local Financial Development Matter? Quarterly Journal of Economics 119 (2004): 929969.




17


Moore v. American Tobacco et al., Case No. 941429, filed May 23, 1994.




18


  ,   - . .: James T. Lemon, The Best Poor Mans Country (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972).


