М. Л. Авакова, Е. А. Гончарова, Е. В. Милетова

Communication Elevator

Учебное пособие

ebooks@prospekt.org

Информация о книге

УДК 811.111(075.8)

ББК 81.2Англ-923

А18

Авторы:
Авакова М. Л., кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры английского языка и профессиональной коммуникации Пятигорского государственного университета;
Гончарова Е. А., кандидат филологических наук, старший преподаватель кафедры английского языка и профессиональной коммуникации Пятигорского государственного университета;
Милетова Е. В., кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры английского языка и профессиональной коммуникации Пятигорского государственного университета.

Рецензенты:
Ширяева Т. А., доктор филологических наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой английского языка и профессиональной коммуникации Пятигорского государственного университета;
Катермина В. В., доктор филологических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры английской филологии Кубанского государственного университета.

Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов языковых и неязыковых специальностей уровня А2/B1 согласно общеевропейской компетенции владения иностранным языком. Представляет значительный интерес с точки зрения развития навыков устной практики и их последующего совершенствования.

Основной целью пособия является развитие диалогической и монологической речи в ситуациях социально-бытовой, социально-культурной, учебной сфер общения, формирование и совершенствование языковой, речевой и социокультурной компетенций, коммуникативной культуры языковой личности.

Учебное пособие может быть использовано для аудиторной, самостоятельной и факультативной работы студентов начальных курсов языковых и неязыковых специальностей, а также широким кругом лиц, изучающих английский язык.

Текст публикуется в авторской редакции.

УДК 811.111(075.8)

ББК 81.2Англ-923

© Авакова М. Л., Гончарова Е. А., Милетова Е. В., 2023

© ООО «Проспект», 2023

Unit 1.
WE ARE FAMILY!

Dive in

• Do you come from a large family?

• How many members are there in your family?

• Who is the eldest in your family?

• Have you got any brothers or sisters?

• How many of your relatives do you know personally?

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

General Information about the Family

to be single

to live with parents

to start a family

to be married

to have a family of one’s own

to have immediate relatives (parents, grandparents, brothers, sisters)

to have distant relatives (aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces, nephews)

to be related to sb

Occupation

to work as a (doctor, engineer, photographer, journalist, architect, librarian, accountant, clerk, book-keeper, shop-assistant, hairdresser, dressmaker, military man, taxi-driver, waiter, customs officer, nurse, stewardess, etc.)

to work in / at a factory, at school, at the hospital, on a farm, at an office, at a teachers’ training college, at a plant, at a University

to be a housewife

to be an experienced lawyer, a skilled worker

to be retired

People’s Name

My first name is …

My patronymic is …

My surname / family name is …

My full name is …

People’s Age

to be a teenager

to come of age

to be of age / under age

to be about the same age

to be nearly / about / over forty

to be in his / her early / late forties

to be a middle-aged person

to be an elderly person

to be sb’s senior / junior

to be 2 years younger / older than sb

to look sb’s age

Remember:

1. older/ elder

— is used to say who was born before others in a family.

e.g.: My elder sister is not married yet.

2. older

— is used to show differences in age, in comparison using than

e.g.: My father is 3 years older than my mother.

People’s Place of Birth

to be from …

to come from …

to be a native of …

Biography

My name is …

to be born on …

to be born in …

I’m English. I have British Nationality.

to start school

to leave school / to finish school at the age of …

to be an applicant for entry into …

to become a student of Pyatigorsk State University

Engagement and Marriage

to be single

to be a spinster

to be a confirmed bachelor

to be a marriageable girl

to fall in love with sb at first sight

to date sb

to be in love with sb

to be head over heels in love with sb

to be engaged to sb

a fiancée (F) / a fiancé (M)

to marry sb / to get married /

to be married to sb

to marry sb for love

to be a marriage of convenience (for monetary or social gain)

to receive wedding dowry

to have a wedding ceremony / reception

a bride (F) / a bridegroom (M)

to be husband and wife

to celebrate a wedding anniversary

to make sb a good husband / wife

to be happy in one’s marriage / married life

Remember:

Feminine

a spinster

a fiancée

a bride

Masculine

a bachelor

a fiancé

a bridegroom

! Cultural Note:

Wedding

There are many types of wedding in Britain and in the US depending on your religion. Many people get married in church. Other people get married at a Registry Office (BrE) or Office of justice of the peace (AmE), often followed by a party at home or in a hotel.

Marriage

In Britain and the US it’s now common especially among young people for a man and for a woman to live together without being married. Some couples decide to get married when they have children. About one in three marriages ends in divorce (in the US one in two) so there are many parents bringing up children alone. These things are no longer considered as shocking as they were in the past. However many people still consider to be happily married one of their main aims in life.

Kids

to be an only child in the family

to be twins

to have some children besides sb

to be the pet of the family

to love sb dearly

to be special to sb

Divorce

to divorce sb

to get a divorce / to get divorced

to be divorced from sb

to fall out of love

one’s marriage is on the rocks

to be sb’s ex / former husband/ wife

a divorcee (F/M)

to pay maintenance

Remember:

1. to divorce sb — describes the action. NB! No preposition!

e.g. She divorced after years of unhappiness.

to be divorced from sb — describes the permanent state NB! Preposition from!

e.g. Charles is divorced from Ann.

to get a divorce — describes the event.

e.g. My parents got a divorce a year ago.

2. maintenance (BrE) / alimony (AmE)

! Cultural Note:

Divorce is legal in Britain, though not in Ireland. In the US divorce is also legal, though different states may have different laws about it. In most states one may get a divorce after at least one year’s separation and in some states one can get a No-fault divorce (one that doesn’t blame either person). In both Britain and the US, the Court decides which parent should have custody of the children, how the property is to be divided and whether one parent, usually the husband should pay money (maintenance/ alimony) towards the living costs of the other and children.

Family relations

to get on well with

to be on good / friendly terms with sb

to respect sb

to treat sb well / badly

to be easy / hard to deal with

Financial Support

to earn money

to support the family

to be the head of the family

to share earnings fairly with sb

to manage the family budget

Family Duties

to share household duties equally

to look after the house / to keep house / to run the house / to rule the house/ to manage the house

to take care of sb

to bring up children

to be on the wife’s shoulders

Quarrel and Making Up

to have a quarrel

to lack manners

to find fault with sb

to flare up at sb

to be rude to sb

to raise one’s voice

to lose one’s temper (for no reason)

(not) to let sb open one’s mouth

to turn a deaf ear to sb

to order sb about

to find the way with sb

to keep one’s temper

to give in to sb

to make up the quarrel

to make up with sb

QUESTION PATTERNS:

• What is your name? — My name is Elizabeth, Liz for short.

• What relation is Charles to Ann?

• Is Charles any relation to Ann?

• How many members are there in your family? — There are three of us in our family. / We are three in our family. / We are four in all.

• Who is he? — He is John.

• What is she? — She is a hairdresser.

• Have you got a large or small family?

• Where are you from? — I’m from California.

• Where do you come from? — I come from New York.

• What does your father do? — He works as an engineer.

SPEECH PATTERNS:

I was born on the third day in the month of April, on the year of the snake, 1965. I’m the fourth child in the family of 7 children that consist of 4 male and 3 female. I don’t remember much during the early years of my infant life as I never heard nor asked about it from my parents

When I was 6 years old my family moved to Australia. This was such an important event in my life, at the time, because everything in my life changed so much. At first I felt afraid and it was hard to make friends. But after a while I slowly made new friends and felt at home.

SPEECH PATTERNS 2:

• I was born in…

• I was an active (or quiet, knowledge-loving, shy, curious, etc.) child.

• My childhood dream was…

• My earliest memory is…

• I am grateful to my parents (or teachers, friends, etc.) because…

• My lifetime dream is…

• The most memorable day of my life was…

• One phrase that I will never forget is…

• If only one of my dreams could come true, I would wish for…

• I am driven by my desire/passion/wish to…

• The main lesson that my parents taught me was…

• The childhood hobby that most shaped my personality is…

• One event that influenced who I am today is…

• My motto in life is…

• My favorite book/movie/author is…

• When I was growing up, I always dreamed of becoming a…

• One thing I wish I knew five (or ten, twenty, etc.) years ago is that…

Quick chat

• Are friends more important than family? What do you think?

• Are chores assigned to children in your family?

READING

1. Read the text and match the headings to the paragraphs. Choose from the sentences A–I the one which best fits each gap (1–9).

A. to achieve your goal

B. I was a very active, curious, and communicative child.

C. is not just a bed of roses

D. and I was admitted to the college of my dreams.

E. this is why my parents offered me books and educational movies

F. when I was at school.

G. a part-time job and full-time study

H.to recover after failure

I.I study hard and devote my free time to reading scholarly reviews

My ups and downs ……

Who am I? ……

My goals ……

Conclusion ……

My childhood ……

1. I was born on a cold winter night, when even time seemed to stand still, in / my native Bennington, Oklahoma. I do not remember much of my early childhood, but my mom said that (1)…………………. I would ask dozens of questions each minute, even without waiting for the answers. I suppose (2)…………………. as early as my third birthday.

2. Fortunately, my thirst for knowledge did not come to an end (3)…………………. I was passionate about history and science. This passion helped me gain profound knowledge in these areas, (4)…………………. Today, I am a student at a law school, and I feel very happy about it.

3. I am certain that my degree will become my ticket to a better tomorrow. I want to become a renowned lawyer in the field of employment legislation. (5)…………………. and watching interviews with recognized specialists in the field.

4. Of course, I understand that life (6)………………… ., and challenges and hardships are an integral element of life. Since my parents could not help me cover my college expenses in full, paying off my student loan has become an important challenge for me. I combine (7)…………………. to earn my living and my education. I feel triumphant at the beginning of every month when I receive my salary and plan how I will spend my money.

5. I have come to believe that two main factors determine success. First of all is a person’s own determination and will to succeed. Are you ready to make sacrifices to achieve your goal, like working and studying at the same time? Are you prepared (8)…………………. and proceed to your goal again? Without strong internal motivation, it is nearly impossible to become successful. Equally important is the support of people around you. Being determined to succeed does not mean alienating everyone and stepping on other people in order (9)…………………… On the contrary, success is about recognizing your weaknesses and accepting support from people who genuinely want to help you. For instance, if it were not for my parents’ support of my educational endeavors, I would perhaps not be attending law school today [1].

2. Fill in the synonyms from the list.

difficulty, inquisitive, fortune, dare, original, happily,
scholarly, awareness, earnings, desire

1. success = ……………………………………………………………….............

2. curious = ……………………………………………………………….............

3. educational = ……………………………………………………………….............

4. thirst = ……………………………………………………………….............

5. fortunately = ……………………………………………………………….............

6. challenge = ……………………………………………………………….............

7. salary = ……………………………………………………………….............

8. native = ……………………………………………………………….............

9. knowledge = ……………………………………………………………….............

10. hardship = ……………………………………………………………….............

3. Read the text. Here are several ideas for strengthening your family:

STRONG FAMILY

Have regular dates

If you are married, make time for regular fun-time with your partner. A strong marriage can add strength to the family. Some families also have regular date nights with their children. Regardless of your family circumstance, make time for the important relationships in your life.

Keep a family journal or scrapbook of significant family
events and achievements

Remembering the good times can give us strength to endure the tough times.

Explore you family history

Trace your family lines. Find out about roots and share the lessons of life from heroes in your family line. Find out what your ancestors stood for. Family history is a wonderful activity for all ages.

Hold regular family meetings

Family meetings help us give proper attention to our family. They provide a forum of discussion for family issues, and an opportunity to plan for family time. Family meetings help us to be proactive instead of reactive.

Make a plan for effectively dealing with conflict
before you have conflict

Don‘t wait until the heat is on and tempers are high to decide how to best resolve a disagreement. Plan ahead and then, when needed, put your plan into action.

Celebrate! Recognize the achievements of family members

Remember significant anniversaries with parties or family rituals. Make time to bask in the joyful moments of life [2].

4. Fill the gaps in this text with a suitable word from the list on the right.

An Only Child

I was one of six children. I have two brothers and three elder sisters. My father was not a (1) ……………… man. Yet I consider that I was extremely fortunate. My father and my mother were far too (2) ……………… to occupy themselves with my affairs, so the great part of my (3) ……………… was left to my sisters. If I am now a calm and (4) ……………… person, able to cope tolerably well with those problems that life presents us with, it is, I (5) ……………… believe, due to the fact, that I was allowed to grow up without too much (6) ……………… being made of me.

The most (7) ……………… fate that I can imagine would be that of growing up as an only child. All mothers and fathers experiment on their (8) ……………… firstborn. They read the latest baby books, they attend clinics and courses of lectures. They listen to the advice of maiden aunts. They debate the exact moment to present him or her with (9) ……………… food. What they find extremely difficult to do is to allow their child to grow up at his own pace, to make his mistakes and (10) ……………… learn from them.

An only child can never escape from the minute examination of his every action. It’s a miracle if an only child doesn’t grow up a (11) ……………… person constantly worrying about his health, a wholly (12) ……………… being, who shivers at the sight of his reflection in the mirror.

a) busy g) self-centered

b) dreadful h) solid

c) firmly i) unfortunate

d) fuss j) upbringing

e) nervous k) wealthy

f) quietly l) well-balanced

Quick chat

• What characteristics does your family possess?

• Are compliments, spending time together, routines, rituals, and traditions common in your family?

• Do you know your family history?

• Would you like to have children?

• Would you rather have more brothers or sisters than you have?

• Find as many advantages and disadvantages as you can in the situation of a child from a large family and an only child, will you?

WORK IT OUT

1. Decide which of the words given below refer to females (F), which to males (M) and which to both (F/M). Complete the sentences below using the words from the box.

widow

mistress

bachelor

lover

divorcee

spouse

fiancé

widower

spinster

fiancée

1. A … is a woman whose husband has died. A man whose wife has died is called a ….

2. A woman’s … is the man who is engaged to be married to her.

3. … is a formal term for ‘husband or wife’.

4. A … is a rather old-fashioned and derogatory word for an unmarried woman over forty.

5. … are people who have been married but have divorced and are now single.

2. Try to paraphrase the following using the essential vocabulary.

1. There are three of us in the family.

2. My brother has a family of his own.

3. My uncle’s family live in London.

4. My father is five years older than my mother.

5. My mother is 37.

6. I’m 18. My cousin is 18 and a half.

7. Minnie’s parents don’t work.

8. Emily’s mother is a librarian.

9. I’m too young to have a family of my own.

3. Find words (word-combinations) from the essential vocabulary which mean the following:

e.g.: a brother’s / sister’s daughter — a niece
a father of one’s wife — a father-in-law

father and mother; mother’s or father’s parents; father’s brother; mother’s niece; father’s sister; sister’s son; brother’s daughter; an unmarried woman; a woman who has not married after her husband’s death; a child who has lost his parents; a mother of one’s husband; an unmarried man; two children born at the same time of the same mother; to separate husband and wife by law; a woman on her wedding day; a child from 13 to 19.

4. Fill in prepositions where necessary.

1. Diana is a young girl … twenty.

2. Are you a native … Bristol?

3. They are three … the family.

4. Your sister is just … … school, isn’t she?

5. Robert is … his early fifties.

6. What is William’s name … short?

7. Is Jane related … your father?

8. Thomas came … age two years ago.

9. My cousin and I are … the same age.

10. My mother is forty, but she doesn’t look … her age.

11. John’s mother is very easy to deal ….

12. I can always rely … my sister. She is a girl … her word.

13. Sorry to say, I don’t get … well … my mother-in-law. She often loses her temper … no reason and raises … her voice.

14. I’m happy to be … friendly terms with my parents.

15. Who is the head … your family? — Of course, my father is. He earns money and supports … the family. But father and mother share … their household duties equally.

16. My granny helps me to look … the house and bring … the children.

17. Mr. Nelson is very rude … his wife. He often loses his temper … no reason.

18. All domestic duties are … the wife’s shoulders.

19. Don’t find fault … Robert. He always gives … … you and tries to make … the quarrel.

20. My mother is … her late thirties. She is 38 and my father is … his early forties. He is 42. — As I see your father is 4 years … your mother’s senior, but my parents are … the same age.

5. Fill the gaps in these paragraphs with a suitable word from the lists below.

А. Before Jane went to live in the city, she felt very (1) … For the first few weeks she felt (2) …, but it didn’t take long to find people she got (3) … with, and to (4) … new friends.

В. Mary has been going (5) … with Jack for three years. When they first met at college they fell in love at first (6) …. Although they’ve been (7) … for nearly two years they still haven’t fixed a date for the (8) ….

С. Their friends Sarah and Bob (9) … last October — on the same date as Sarah’s parents’ 25th wedding (10) …. Tony was Bob’s (11) …. They invited all of their friends and (12) … but not all of them could make it.

1. a) anxious b) eager c) absent-minded

2. a) unmarried b) alone c) lonely

3. a) out b) up c) on

4. a) become b) make c) introduce

5. a) out b) in c) back

6. a) view b) look c) sight

7. a) intended b) engaged c) promised

8. a) honeymoon b) marriage c) wedding

9. a) married themselves b) got married c) became married

10. a) celebration b) birthday c) anniversary

11. a) godfather b) best man c) bridesmaid

12. a) relations b) in-laws c) parents

6. Give the opposites of the following word-combinations.

e.g.: to have a small family — to have a large family

to live with parents; to be single; immediate relatives; to be retired; to be of age; to be in one’s late sixties; to be sb’s senior; to be 3 years younger than sb; to start school; to divorce sb; to be married to sb; to be in love with sb; to marry sb for love; to be happy in one’s married life; to have many children in one’s family; to go to school; to fall in love with sb; to make sb a good wife.

7. Vocabulary translation practice.

1) to start a family

2)

хорошо ладить с кем-либо

3) a marriage of convenience

4)

воспитывать детей

5) to be related to sb

6)

быть единственным ребенком в семье

7) to find fault with sb;

8)

иметь собственную семью

9) to be sb’s senior / junior

10)

близкие/дальние родственники

11) to be head over heels in love with sb

12)

быть одного возраста

13) to celebrate a wedding anniversary

14)

делить поровну домашние обязанности

15) to be happy in one’s marriage / married life

16)

быть в разводе

17) to make a habit of expressing gratitude

18)

встречаться с кем-либо

19) to trace family lines

20)

быть помолвленным

8. Complete the sentences using the words in the box.

spoilt only child divorced adopted half
brother loving remarried stepsister

1. My cousin Sam always gets whatever he wants, even if it is really expensive. He is so ……………….

2. Tom was ……………… at the age of seven, but his parents treat him just like their other children.

3. Julie, who lives next door, is an ………………. She has no brothers or sisters.

4. My best friend Margaret has just discovered that her father had a baby boy with another woman before he married her mother, so that means she has a …………… somewhere.

5. When John’s wife died he thought he would never fall in love again, but now he has met a wonderful woman and he is going to get ………………

6. The couple who live in the apartment above us are always fighting. I think they are probably going to get ………………

7. Even though my grandparents have been married for 50 years, they still have a very ……………… relationship.

8. When my father remarried, his new wife already had a daughter. I didn’t get on well with my ……………… at first, but it’s okay now.

! Grammar Focus

Possessive Case

SINGULAR NOUN(S) + ’S: my mother’s car, Sarah and Henry’s house

PLURAL NOUN + ’: my parents’ home

IRREGULAR OLURAL + ’S: the children’s name

9. Look at the family tree and complete the sentences below.

1. Fred is Mary’s ….

2. Jessica is Jane’s ….

3. Joseph is Peter’s …

4. Lucas is Laura’s ….

5. Sean is John’s ….

6. Hannah is Mary’s ….

7. Joseph and John are Jason’s ….

8. Jason and Peter are ….

9. Sean and Fred are ….

10. Jason is John’s … .

10. Write an apostrophe (’) in the correct places in each sentence.

1) What is his wifes name?

2) Charles and Annas children are twins.

3) Is Jacks daughter a teacher at the girls school?

4) My father is seven years my mothers senior.

5) Mrs Greens children are so ill-bred. They never say ‘Please’ or ‘Thank you’.

11. Put the phrases in the box into the order that they might happen in a relationship.

ask somebody out

chat somebody up

fancy somebody

fall in love (with smb)

fall out (with smb)

get divorced

get engaged (to somebody)

get married (to smb)

get on well (with smb)

go out (with smb)

get back together (with smb)

12. Complete the sentences below.

Family Relations — A brain teaser

1. My sister’s husband is my ___________.

2. His parents are his children’s ___________.

3. Your mother’s sister is your ___________.

4. My uncle’s brother is my ___________.

5. His wife’s sister is his _______________.

6. My mom is my son’s _______________.

7. His sister’s daughter is his ___________.

8. My uncle’s daughter is my___________.

9. His son and daughter are his sister’s ___________.

10. My husband’s mother is my _________.

11. Her aunt’s sister is her_________________.

12. His daughter is his mother’s ____________.

13. Her brother’s son is her _______________.

14. My son and daughter are my parents’ __________.

15. His wife’s dad is his ___________________.

16. Your father is your daughter’s __________.

17. My father’s brother is my______________.

18. Your son is your dad’s_________________.

19. My aunt’s son is my___________________.

20. Your mom’s sister and her husband are your ___________.

SPEAKING

1. Locate the given words in the grid, running in one of eight possible directions horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. Use as many of the words as possible to talk about your family.

2. Imagine you have met somebody you like. What is the way of getting to know her/ him better? Should you

• persuade a friend to help you

• ask your parents to arrange a meeting

• just hope that you meet again by chance

• write him or her a letter, asking if you can meet

• find a way to meet a person again making it look “accidental”

3. Imagine that these are photos from your family album. Present them to your friend.

Unit 2.
АPPEARANCES ARE DECEPTIVE

Dive in

• What is the first thing you notice about a person?

• How do you define beauty in your own words?

• Is there a part of your appearance that you are very proud of? (i. e. eyes, fashion sense, hair etc.)

What kinds of things do you do to improve/maintain your appearance?
Mach the descriptions to the people in pictures A–D.

1. She has got long wavy red hair. ……

2. His hair is dark and curly. …….

3. He has got a grey beard and moustache. ……

4. She wears her hair short. ……

5. She has got freckles. ……

6. She has got a friendly smile. ……

7. She is young. ……

8. She is middle-aged. ……

9. His eyes are brown with long dark eyelashes. ……

10. He is in his late seventies. ……

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

General Description

Positive Estimation

Describing a Woman

to be appealing

• gorgeous

• beautiful

• attractive

• fresh

• pretty

• fetching

to be as beautiful as the sunset

to be as pretty as a picture

Describing a Man

to be handsome

to be as handsome as a paint

to be good-looking

attractive

Negative estimation

to be unattractive

• unpleasant-looking

• appalling

• repulsive

• ugly

• plain-looking

• eyesore

to be as ugly as sin

Remember:

Ugly — is the most negative word to describe someone

Plain — is more polite

Resemblance

to look like

to take after smb in looks

to inherit smth

to be alike

to be a bit like sb

to be the very picture of smb

to be as alike as two peas

Remember:

to be like — discussing people’s personality

E.g.: — What is he like? — He is clever and kind.

to look like sb — discussing people’s appearance

E.g.: — What does he look like? — He is grey-eyed.

to be alike — discussing resemblance

E.g.: — Are you and your sister alike? — Yes, we are.

to look + adj — giving a compliment

E.g.: — You look wonderful today. — So do you.

Build / Shape / Figure

to be a giant (of a man)

• extremely tall / short

• tallish

• above / below average height

• of medium build /height

• well-built

• stocky / petite (Am E)

• plump / thin

to have a good / graceful / lovely / attractive / excellent / small /heavy / powerful figure (f.) / build (m.)

to be corpulent / skinny

• obese / slight and slender

• overweight / slim

• squat /

• like a lamp-post

• muscular /

• as lean as a skeleton

Remember:

Slim — has a more positive meaning than thin

E.g.: John is lovely and slim, but his brother is terribly thin.

Skinny — also has the same meaning but is very negative

It is not very polite to say someone is fat or obese.

Overweight is more neutral and polite.

Hair

silky

luxuriant [lʌg'ʒʋərɪənt]

thick

thin

short

long

straight

wavy

curly

to wear one’s hair long / short

Hair Colour

golden

red

reddish

fair

ash-blond /-blonde

chestnut

black

jet-black

dark

gingery-brown

grey (-ing)

sandy

to dye one’s hair red / black/chestnut

Hair-Do

to grow one’s hair

to wear one’s hair shoulder-length

to wear one’s hair loose

to let one’s hair down

to wear one’s hair parted in the middle / on one side

to have one’s hair back-combed / swept back

to plait one’s hair

a fringe

to thin (about hair)

Ladies’ Hairstyles

to wear one’s hair in bunches fastened with hair-slides, grips, ribbons

to wear one’s hair pushed back behind the ears

to wear one’s hair in a bun / in a plait (plaits)

to be back-combed with a ponytail

to have falling curls

Men’s Hairstyles

a crew cut

spiky hair

to have a few grey hairs

to be balding

a bald head

to be as bald as an egg

Face

oval

square

long

round

wrinkled

sunburnt / tanned

plump

clean-shaven

with high cheek bones

freckled

Complexion

dark

fair

olive

pale

healthy

fresh

blooming with health

the very picture of health

to be as pale as death

swarthy

milk and roses

peaches and cream

Skin

delicate

rough

young-looking

faded

pimply / pimpled

Distinguishing Features

a beard

a moustache

a scar

a spot

a pimple

a beauty spot

a dimple

a mole

a wart

wrinkles

side-burns(m)

freckles

to be made up

to use cosmetics / perfume

Remember:

to have a dimple / dimples in one’s cheek / cheeks

E.g.: When she smiles, two dimples appear in her cheeks.

to have a mole on one’s cheek

E.g.: Is that a beauty-spot or a mole that you have on your cheek?

Smile

charming

engaging

pleasant

sweet

wide

sly

enigmatic

crooked

QUESTION PATTERNS:

• What does she look like? — She is quite tall with greying hair.

• How tall is he? — About 1 meter 65.

• How much does she weigh? — Probably about 50 kilos.

• What colour is her hair? — It’s chestnut.

• What colour are his eyes? — They are blue.

• Blue eyes and blond hair go together, don’t they?

• How do you wear your hair?

• What complexion would you like to have?

SPEECH PATTERNS:

• I’ve never seen a face half so beautiful before.

• It’s really hard not to notice her.

• I like the way she looks.

• Her smile makes her a real beauty.

• Time stands still with her. I have never seen a face half so appealing before.

• I find her nose too large.

• I can’t help admiring her shape.

• I’m charmed with her smile.

• We are both dark-skinned and dark-haired.

• He’s really appalling.

• She is of medium height, slender. She’s got an oval face, long straight dark hair which she wears in a ponytail, a broad forehead, small dark eyes with thin eyebrows, a snub nose and a small mouth.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE 2

Chin

double,

cleft,

pointed, protruding, round,

massive

Cheeks

plump,

hollow,

pale,

stubbly / unshaven,

clean-shaven,

with dimples

Teeth

even,

uneven,

close-set,

perfect,

imperfect, artificial

Eyebrow

bushy,

arched,

thin,

penciled,

plucked

Nose

straight,

aquiline,

flat,

hooked,

snub,

turned-up,

large,

small

Eyes

blue,

deep-blue,

brown,

hazel,

grey,

icy-grey,

green,

almond-shaped,

deep-set,

wide-set,

close-set,

to be cross-eyed,

to be far- /short-sighted

Eyelashes

thin, thick, straight, curling

Forehead

broad,

narrow,

high,

low,

large,

small

Lips

full,

thick,

well-cut,

thin,

rosy,

painted

Quick chat

• Describe someone in the group without saying who they are. The rest of the class must guess who you are describing.

READING

1. Read the text and choose the best answer A, B, C or D.

Top 10 Reasons Why Physical Appearance
Is So Important?

Looks matter a lot in many situations. If you look good, you feel good. Every person wants to look his best. Physical appearance does affect your overall personality. Those who are fortunate to be born beautiful or handsome have an edge over others in their public dealings. People all over the world spend millions of dollars to look good. They undergo plastic surgery, visit the beauty parlor regularly and undergo herbal treatments to improve their physical appearance. Why so? Why One Needs to Look Good?

To look one’s best in work place, where one (1)……. the public. For example, film stars have to look gorgeous and handsome.

To impress people in (2)……. situations.

It helps in (3)……. relationships. A handsome boy attracts a lot of girls. Similarly, even girls, who are beautiful, are much sought after.

A (4)……. attractive person attracts a lot of people.

It boosts self-confidence and self-esteem. One feels very reassured when other people admire them and prefer to associate with them as they find them very attractive. In certain professions looks make a lot of difference. A (5)……. has to look his or her best. A good looking salesperson can get one noticed quickly.

An attractive physical appearance (6)……. personality. It is an added advantage.

A physically attractive person, who is (7)…… ., can impress upon people. A handsome politician can draw the attention of the masses, although, of course, he also has to be man of substance. For example, former president John F. Kennedy was known for his looks, although he was a(an) (8)……. politician as well. Looks enhanced his public image.

A pleasing face is nice to look at. People like to relax in the presence of beautiful things. A pleasant face can relax the mind. Those with a(an) (9)……. sense like to admire beautiful people and things.

One feels good if looks good.

Physical appearance does matter in a relationship. In a marriage, the partners need to take care of themselves physically in order to sustain their relationship. Many women face marital problems as they go out of (10)……. after having children. Those women who take care of their physical appearance have better rapport with their partner Every person desires to look good. He or she spends a lot of time trying to look his or her best. A handsome man or a beautiful woman is much admired in society.

Every person desires to look good. He or she spends a lot of time trying to look his or her best. A handsome man or a beautiful woman is much admired in society.

1.

А. works

В. deals with

С. makes

D. supports

6

А. enhances

В. monitors

С. protects

D. tests

2.

А. social

В. facebook

С. legal

D. funny

7.

А. dark-skinned

В. well-groomed

С. red-haired

D. clean-shaven

3.

А. ending

В. working

С. building up

D. everlasting

8.

А. strange

В. prohibited

С. astute

D. blue-eyed

4.

А. actually

В. agriculturally

С. physically

D. economically

9.

А. aesthetic

В. high

С. economic

D. potential

5.

А. surgeon

В. cashier

С. caretaker

D. model

10.

А. home

В. style

С. shape

D. production

Quick chat

• Can you think of anyone who is in a position of power that is not physically attractive?

• Do you think self-esteem affects beauty and vice versa?

• Does beauty affect one’s success in life?

• Is it better to be physically attractive or intelligent?

• What are the pros and cons of being beautiful?

2. Read the article about young people and cosmetic surgery. Seven sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences A–H the one which best fits each gap (1–7). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. The underlined words and phrases will help you.

ALL IN THE NAME OF BEAUTY

A. Kelly then went on to describe in great detail how she’s saving up to have an operation that will change the shape of her nose.

В. I must admit that I didn’t agree with Martin, 17, when he said that girls always spend too long getting ready to go out.

C. The first to answer was Maria, a shy 18-year-old who had said very little up until this point.

D. And Kelly wasn’t alone.

E. One in particular was 18-year-old John.

F. One of those changes is the availability of cosmetic surgery.

G. But there are many more ways to change your appearance than simply buying the latest clothes or having a modern haircut.

H. Many ordinary people, some as young as 13, have had cosmetic surgery.

Madeleine Dumont talked to a group of young people about what they were prepared to do to improve their appearance… and found a few surprises!

We all know that, for the average teenager, the way they look is very important. They are under increasing pressure to fit in so there is a huge range of clothes, accessories and hair products to help them do just that. You only have to walk down any high street, and you’ll see countless shops selling the latest designer gear.

Things have changed since I was a teenager. It’s very easy for young people today to buy trendy clothes for reasonable prices, and there’s no shortage of hairdressers, their chairs are filled with youngsters keen to have the latest hairstyle.

(1)……… Yes, those two things are as important today as they were in my youth, probably even more so.

But other things have changed quite dramatically in the 20 years since I became an adult. (2) ……… It seems that more and more people are prepared to go under the knife in order to look just the way they want.

And it’s no longer just the super-rich (with money to burn) or top models (whose careers depend on it). (3) ……… And even more of them are planning to change their appearance with this method. As the mother of a ten-year-old daughter, this bothers me, so I asked a group of teenagers about it. Surely they wouldn’t use such drastic measures to change the way they look? What they said shocked me.

According to Kelly, who’s 15, ‘It’s every person’s right to look the way they want and, if cosmetic surgery is available, and you can afford it, why not?’ (4) ……… After that she told me, to my complete amazement, that she would also like to have work done on her eyes, her cheeks and finally her chin. I asked her if she would stop there and she laughed, ‘I’ll probably stop when the money runs out!’

I was shocked to discover that someone so young was prepared to do this. (5)… Over half of the group (including two or three boys) said that they are thinking about having some form of cosmetic surgery in the near future. Alison, 16, made a very interesting point, ‘By the time you’re in your 20s — and have money to spend on these things — it’s too late. Now is the time to do it, while you’re young and can get the benefit from it.’

Since they had only mentioned the advantages of having surgery done, I felt that I had to ask whether they were worried about the pain or the risks involved. Most of them just shrugged and said it was worth it, but one or two members of the group expressed their concern. (6) ……… His argument was ‘What if it all goes wrong and you come out looking worse than when you went in?’ I felt I had to agree with John. After all, I reminded them, there are no guarantees when you put your life in the hands of a surgeon.

Again, most of the group seemed to think that our fears weren’t important. ‘You’re just being pessimistic,’ they told me. ‘The doctors know what they’re doing,’ one girl snapped at John. Desperate to make them think again, I asked the group one last question: ‘Don’t you think we all have our own beauty — just the way nature intended?’ (7)……… She said that, yes, everyone is beautiful in their own way. She went on to talk about the emphasis on appearance in today’s world, and about the ways in which you can look good without turning to cosmetic surgery. I liked what she had to say and I felt that my final question had really made them think. Until she added, ‘But if we have to put on make-up to look our best, nature’s not that good, is it? Nature’s fine, but you can always improve on it.’

Quick chat

• How do you feel about cosmetic surgery?

WORK IT OUT

1. Match the words in bold from then text with their meanings.

1. meant

2. variety

3. extreme

4. raised his or her shoulders

5. advantage

6. disturbs or worries

7. clothes and accessories

8. only seeing the negative side of things

2. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and word-combinations.

a graceful figure

delicate features

a turned-up nose

a double chin

well-cut lips

a narrow forehead

perfect teeth

faded skin

broad shoulders

an engaging smile

bushy eyebrows

curling eyelashes

a pointed chin

a freckled face

rosy cheeks

back-combed hair

a fair complexion

thinning hair

to inherit one’s mother’s eyes

a pimply face

to be slight and slender

a crooked smile

auburn hair

to take after sb in looks

even teeth

almond-shaped eyes

3. In the following idioms of comparison match the words in the left column with the words in the right column.

Column A

Column B

1.

as beautiful

а)

as a paint

2.

as pretty

b)

as sin

3.

as lean

c)

as two peas

4.

as handsome

d)

as a picture

5.

as ugly

e)

as the sunset

6.

as alike

f)

as a skeleton

7.

as tall

g)

as death

8.

as bald

h)

as steeple

9.

as pale

i)

as an egg

4. Match the words with the meanings.

The end of the table

Column A

Column B

Column A

Column B

1.

gorgeous

a)

plump

2.

slender

b)

plain

3.

repulsive

c)

fetching

4.

corpulent

d)

short

5.

ordinary looking

e)

extremely tall

6.

a giant

f)

skeleton

7.

petite

g)

eyesore

8.

skinny

h)

grand

9.

luxuriant

i)

thin

5. Complete these sentences in a suitable way. More than one answer is possible.

1. She’s got blond …

2. She’s got very pale …

3. They’ve both got curling …

4. I would say he was of medium …

5. Her brother has got very broad …

6. Last time I saw him he had grown a …

7. Both men were very …

8. All of them have got dark …

9. Margaret wears her hair …

10. Roger prefers to be clean …

11. Samuel inherited his father’s …

6. Answer these remarks with the opposite description.

Model: I thought you said he was the short, dark-haired one. —
No, quite the opposite, he is the tall and fair-haired one.

1. — Was that his brother, the dark-skinned, wavy-haired? — No quite the opposite, his brother is …

2. — So Charlotte is that plump fair-haired woman, isn’t she? — No, you are looking at the wrong one. Charlotte is …

3. — So, tell us about the new boss, good-looking? — No, I’m afraid not, rather …

4. — So, your sister is a brunette, with a turned-up nose. — What! Who told you that! She is …

5. Eve has got regular features and an olive complexion, hasn’t she? — Oh, quite the opposite. She is …

7. Fill in articles where necessary:

1. Jill was … plump girl of … medium height.

2. She has … sandy hair and she wears … fringe.

3. Tommy has neither … beard nor … moustache. He prefers to be … clean-shaven.

4. Kate has … olive complexion and … delicate skin.

5. Michael has … icy-grey eyes and … curling eyelashes.

6. Susan has … wrinkled forehead and … cleft chin.

7. Gerald has … mole and … two dimples.

8. The most remarkable feature about her is … even teeth.

9. … engaging smile makes Susan a real beauty.

10. I like … way she looks.

11. John is … very picture of his aunt.

8. Fill in prepositions and adverbs where necessary.

1. When Mary smiles, two dimples appear … her cheeks.

2. I look … like my father. I’ve got his big nose and a massive chin.

3. Helen takes … her mother … looks.

4. Nora is heavily made- ….

5. My sister always wears her hair … bunches fastened … slides.

6. Last month Betsy dyed her hair … red.

7. Ann was … medium height and well-shaped.

8. David is the very picture … his mother.

9. I can’t help admiring … her almond-shaped eyes.

10. Herbert was a nice-looking boy … his mother’s regular features and dark hair.

9. Complete the sentences with the given words.

repulsive fetching ribbon protruding eyes dimple plump charming false plain freckled crooked

1. She gave him her most ………… smile and stepped out of the hallway.

2. Mary Hendrikhovna, a ……. little blonde German, in a dressing jacket and nightcap, was sitting on a broad bench in the front corner.

3. Everyone in the office thought Drew was ………….because of his lack of personal hygiene, but he didn’t seem to care at all.

4. His eyes were blacker than Gabriel’s, and his ………… features deceptive.

5. You will recognize them by the white ………. they will wear on the left arm.

6. Her brilliant hair topped a …………… face and mile-wide smile.

7. His eyes twinkled with humor and the ……… appeared.

8. Her behaviour is easy and natural, and it is ………… because of its frankness and evident sincerity.

9. He was the most stunning man she’d ever seen despite his …………… nose.

10. Miss Martha was forty, her bank-book showed a credit of two thousand dollars, and she possessed two ……….teeth and a sympathetic heart.

10. Order the words under the correct column.

Shiny black brown ginger blonde curly straight fringe greasy short long red plaits ponytail fine thick moustache beard goatee sideboards

colour

style

appearance

11. Sort the words into their correct categories:

square, rectangular, auburn, red, freckled, pale, ponytail, oval brunette, wavy, pouting, fine, smooth, round, blonde, full, plump curly, twinkling, wrinkled, goatee, rosy, heart-shaped, thick, straight,
tear-filled, ruddy, beard, hour-glass, tanned, moustache, pear-shaped,
wiry long, thin, fat short, sideburns, almond-shaped, bald, dyed

Body shape:

Skin:

Eyes:

Hair:

Facial Hair:

Mouth/Lips:

Face

! Grammar Focus

Compound Adjectives

Compound adjectives are made up of two parts and are usually written with hyphens.

-ed words look like participles although they are formed from nouns.

e.g.: to have fair hair — to be fair-haired
to have blue eyes — to be blue-eyed
to have broad shoulders — to be broad-shouldered
to have a good shape- to be well-shaped

12. A person with dark hair is dark-haired. What are the adjectives for these people?

• a person with chestnut hair

• somebody with blue eyes

• a person who has got broad shoulders

• a person with dark skin

• somebody with long legs

• a person with a thin face

• a person with fresh skin

SPEAKING

1. Complete the descriptions of the criminals using the words from the list below.

“shovel-shaped” incisor teeth; a beard and moustache; a sombrero hat; black or dark brown hair; bushy eyebrows; dark brown eyes; dark brown to black eyes; dark thin eyes; flat face; light brown wavy hair; light tan- to brown-skinned; straight, black hair; olive brown skin colour; medium height; mustache; prominent nose; short and thick body build; small nose; wide cheekbones; yellowish skin

Pedro Sombrero,

the chubby boss of the Mexican Mafia

Li Mingyuan

the astute computer hacker from China

Sen Cypress

a drug pusher

from the USA

2. Look at the photos. Do you know the people? Describe their appearances. Be ready to prove the ideas or to argue them:

Unit 3.
PERSONALITIES AND BEHAVIOUR

Dive in

• What sort of people make a favorable impression on you?

• What sort of people impress you unfavorably?

Do you know the characters in the photos? Match them with the descriptions.

1. She is attractive and slim. She is cunning and nimble.

2. He is very witty, rapid and prudent. He is also successful.

3. He is strong and confident. He is usually serious, but he can be funny.

4. It is aggressive and dishonest. It is also very clever.

VOCABULARY PRACTICE

General

character

characteristic feature

personality

quality

trait

weakness / fault

Innate Qualities / Emotional States

• absent-minded

• active

• amiable

• bore

• changeable

• cheerful

• creative

• disobedient

• easy-going

• hardworking

• honest

• hot-tempered

• impulsive

• in a good / bad mood

• irritable

• likeable

• obedient

• optimistic

• persistent

• responsible

• self-confident

• self-interested

• sensitive

• serious

• stubborn

• witty

Relationships

• bashful

• bossy

• chatty

• cheeky

• considerate

• cruel

• demanding

• fair / unfair

• friendly

• generous

• good-natured

• kind

• mean

• noble

• polite / impolite

• reliable

• reserved

• rude

• selfish

• shy

• sincere

• sociable

• stingy

• strict

• sympathetic

• undependable

• understanding

• warm-hearted

• well/ill-mannered

QUESTION PATTERNS:

• Why am I constantly quarrelling with my parents?

• Why should I?

• How can you be so rude to him?

• Do you take risks?

SPEECH PATTERNS:

• What I like most about my mother is that she is very patient.

• The only thing I like about Jill is that she is very shy.

• The trouble with Kate is that she is very absent-minded.

• Joanne works as a waitress and shares a flat with her best friend, so you could say she is pretty independent.

• Nick seemed very pleasant on the phone. He sounded kind and polite.

• He is a mean old man who never helps anyone.

• Dan is a positive thinker, who believes that everything will turn out just fine.

• His father is worried about him because he is so lazy that he doesn’t get up on time for work!

• I always feel nervous before a test.

• Greg is terribly jealous of his wife. He never lets her out of his sight!

• You are just being stubborn, if you ask me.

• One thing I like about him is his generosity.

• Easier said than done.

• I take you at your word.

• Rob is a picky eater, so be careful of what you are going to serve him tonight at dinner!

• She is an imaginative writer, who writes amazing stories.

• She is a kind old woman who feeds all stray dogs and cats.

• Alex ran down the street impatient to be home.

• He is really obnoxious. No one wants to hang around with him.

• Laura is very mature for her age. She never fools around.

• Maria is a loving wife who always takes care of her husband and children.

• Calling somebody names is truly impolite.

• Unfortunately many people are ignorant of recent history.

READING

1. Read the text. Are horoscopes really some mumbo-jumbo, or is there any truth in them?

PRACTICAL ASTROLOGY

Although it is considered a complex science astrology can be great fun for most people, astrologers believe that an individual’s personality is influenced by the position of the planets at the time of his or her birth. Evidence suggests that over 90% of adults know their sun (zodiac) signs. Some surveys also indicate that well over half agree that the signs’ character descriptions are a good fit: Ariens are energetic, Taureans — stubborn, and Scorpios — secretive, for example. Still, at any given point of time, thousands of kids are born under the same celestial variables (position of the sun, moon, and other planets, even the same hospital). Even if you accept that the position of the planets may affect our life, to believe that all these kids, born at the same time and place have the same characteristics and future makes simply no sense.

How well do the following astrological descriptions fit you, your family, and your friends?

People born under the sign of Aries, March 21st-April 20th, are doers rather than thinkers. If Arians are given their way, they will often become dictators. They enjoy being the boss, and will do anything to maintain their position. On the positive side they are builders who act quickly and decisively.

Taurus which runs from April 21st-May 20th is the sign of the bull. As one would imagine Taureans are stubborn, bullheaded and persistent. They are slow to think and act, but once they have made up their minds, Taureans will refuse to change their points of view. Moreover, people born under this sign are great lovers of beauty, and hold one quality above all others — honesty.

Were you born between May 21st and June 20th? If so, you are a changeable, undependable Gemini. But you are also a highly creative person with a sharp mind, that allows you to understand and act quickly. Some famous Geminis were John Wayne, the film actor; George Bernard Shaw, the British playwright; Walt Whitman, the American poet.

The sign of Cancer rules the period from June 21st to July 22nd. A Cancer, also called a Moon Child, tends to be overbearing, possessive and demanding, but these qualities are often overweighed by such good qualities as sensitivity, generosity and optimism. The Cancer is usually heard to say: “Don’t worry! Everything will be better tomorrow!”.

Born between July 23rd and August 22nd, Leos are governed by one personality trait. They are self-interested to the point of being show-offs and ham actors, because they have self-confidence and act on the spur of the moment. Leos are never still or quiet, they are optimistic and generous in helping others.

People born between August 23rd and September 22nd are self-centered Virgos. Their chief aims are to avoid responsibility and at the same time to achieve selfish goals. Virgos have good minds, but they are often illogical thinkers. Nevertheless, they are thorough about whatever they do. Perhaps because they keep secrets well, Virgos make excellent politicians, statesmen and diplomats.

Balance is the key to Libra which governs the period from September 23rd to October 22nd. Librans are emotional romanticists, who can sometimes lose their self-control. They can become impulsive like children. When balance is restored, Librans become calm and level-headed. At all times they are sympathetic and vital people.

Ambitious Scorpios are born between October 23rd and November 22nd. They tend to use great, forceful power to control situations in order to reach their major goal in life — physical satisfaction. With keen minds for support Scorpios seek the ideal life by fighting for every worthwhile cause. “There can be world peace”, they insist “trust is the answer to everything.” Do you know a driving, forceful Scorpio?

The Sagittarius, November 23rd — December 21st, is driven by conflicting personality characteristics. People born under this sign can be stingy and extremely selfish one minute, and then without any explanation they can suddenly become generous and open-hearted. When they are after something, they strike quickly, get what they want and move on.

Capricorn, which runs from December 22nd to January 19th, is the sign for climbers. Capricorns may climb through work, or they may climb through illegal means. Although their methods may vary, Capricorns have the drive to climb to the top. They can settle for nothing less. After reaching the top, however, they usually ask: “Now, what do I do with all of it?”

Anyone born between January 20th and February 19th is an Aquarius. He or she is drawn toward public rather than private activity will vary greatly. Plotting the overthrow of the government the Aquarius shouts: “Liberty, Equality, Freedom!” In contrast, an Aquarius might also be a statesman or humanitarian. Some famous Aquarians were Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the US, Douglas MacArthur, the American Army general.

Pisces, born between February 19th and March 21st, get along well with others, but tend to agree with the crowd too often. Indeed, such a person is quite content to follow other people’s opinions and actions. Moreover, Pisces will never succeed, because he or she lacks one essential quality — the inner drive needed to start new projects. But one can admire the fi ne aspects of a Pisces personality: loyalty, dependability, adaptability [3].

Quick chat

• What is your birth sign? Do you think this affects your character?

• What are your positive/ negative traits, according to the zodiac sign?

• Is that your personality?

• Do you have something in common with your friend with the same sign?

• What kind of people do you get on well with best?

• What kind of people do you find it hard to get on well with?

• Look up your horoscope for today. Does it seem accurate to you? Do you believe it? Why or why not

2. Read the questions and choose the answers you agree most with. See the key to find out you are more of an introvert or an extrovert.

ARE YOU AN INTROVERT OR AN EXTROVERT?

1) You are invited to a party. What is your reaction?

a) Good! I hope I meet new people.

b) I don’t want to go. Nobody spoke to me at the last party I went to.

c) I love parties. I like being the centre of attention.

2) You are at the party. Everyone is telling jokes.

a) You have dozens of jokes to tell.

b) You manage to remember a couple of jokes.

c) You can’t think of a single joke to tell.

3) You realize that you have nothing planned for Saturday night.

a) You are frantic. You ring up some friends and arrange an outing to the cinema.

b) You think, “It’s time I had an evening in”.

c) You think, “It’s a good chance to read more of my new library book”

4) Do you take risks?

a) Sometimes.

b) Never.

c) Often.

5) You are asked to organize a group excursion.

a) You accept willingly: you are sure that you can organize things well.

b) You hesitate for a moment and then accept.

c) You are terrified. You refuse.

6) How do you spend most of your leisure time?

a) By yourself.

b) With one or two friends.

c) With a group.

7) Do you ever think about the meaning of life?

a) Sometimes.

b) Often.

c) Never. I’m too busy living!

8) Do you find it easy to make decisions?

a) It depends.

b) It’s always easy to decide.

c) I can never make up my mind.

9) You have a new boy-friend/girl-friend. Your friends tease you about him/her and make jokes.

a) You don’t mind at all. In fact you like being teased.

b) You smile. You don’t mind being teased.

c) You are embarrassed as don’t like people making fun of you.

10) Somebody in your group is saying horrible things about you.

a) You get worried.

b) You don’t care what they say.

KEY:

Now add up your points and see below.

1. a) 3 b) 1 c) 5 6. a) 1 b) 3 c) 5

2. a) 5 b) 3 c) 1 7. a) 3 b) 1 c) 5

3. a) 5 b) 3 c) 1 8. a) 3 b) 5 c) 1

4. a) 3 b) 1 c) 5 9. a) 5 b) 3 c) 1

5. a) 5 b) 3 c) 1 10. a) 1 b) 5 c) 3

35–50 points: You enjoy being in a group. You have lots of self-confidence. You are an active, practical person and you are outward-looking. You enjoy making decisions and taking risks. But be careful. Don’t be too sure of yourself. Remember that you can hurt sensitive people by your lack of understanding.

26–34 points: Like for many people, the outside world is as important for you as your own inner world. You are somewhere in between the extrovert and the introvert, and you can have the qualities of both. But be careful that you haven’t all the bad qualities.

10–25 points: You are a true introvert. Your inner world of dreams and ideals is more important than the external world. You are often not realistic or practical. You do not like showing your feelings to other people, in case they hurt you. Use your sensitivity to appreciate beautiful things and understand other people’s feelings.

Quick chat

• Do you agree with the results of the test? Why? Why not?

WORK IT OUT

1. Fill in articles where necessary.

1. My granny is … head of … family because she is very witty and can give … good advice.

2. How inconsiderate of you not to call your grandma on … name day!

3. … trouble with Bella is that she lacks … good manners.

4. What I like most about Margaret is that she has … sense of … humor. She knows when and how to tell … joke.

5. I can’t stand … selfish people.

6. My mother is … understanding woman. She is always ready to help us when we are in … trouble or in … difficulty.

7. … naughty child broke … window.

8. He is … loyal supporter of … team despite … recent defeats.

9. Citizens have to be… obedient to … laws of … state.

10. She is … precise politician, who is always careful of what she is saying.

2. Make up personality nouns out of adjectives and personality adjectives out of nouns.

NOUN

ADJECTIVE

vitality

generosity

responsible

a boss

self-confident

force

optimism

selfish

sympathy

romantic

loyal

a sharp mind

persistence

honest

sensitivity

driving

3. Give a synonym for each of the words in brackets. Choose item from the one’s below.

amiable bashful keen chatty stingy cheeky

1. Our new neighbours are very talkative, aren’t they?

2. What do you mean you can’t afford to buy me a dress? Don’t be so mean!

3. My son loves school. In fact, in some way, he’s too enthusiastic. I mean, it’s the only thing he ever talks about.

4. I think Martha is going to have a lot of problems with her children. They are so rude to everyone.

5. I was always very shy as a child and hated going to parties or meeting new people.

Our new boss is not bad at all. In fact, she’s quite likeable, really.

4. Give the opposites of the following.

e.g.: polite — impolite — rude

Column A

Column B

1.

hard-working

a)

2.

honest

b)

3.

well-balanced

c)

4.

witty

d)

5.

friendly

e)

6.

reliable

f)

7.

generous

g)

8.

bad-tempered

h)

9.

shy

i)

10.

moody

j)

11.

selfish

k)

12.

naughty

l)

5. Paraphrase the following sentences using the idioms given in the box.

to be a lazy bones

to be a cold fish

to be a slowcoach

to be as hard as nails

to have a heart of gold

to be an awkward customer

to be a pain in the neck

to get on someone’s nerves

1. Helen is such a lovely person. She is generous and friendly.

2. He was unpleasant, cold and cruel. He had no sympathy for others.

3. She hardly ever speaks to anyone.

4. Your little brother is a bother.

5. Don’t give him these documents to type. He won’t be in time.

6. Sarah always causes problems and difficult to deal with.

7. I can’t stand their arguing. It is really irritating.

8. He doesn’t want to work at all.

6. Vocabulary Translation Practice.

1. to be hard / easy to deal with

2.

чувствительный

3. generous

4.

недостаток

5. sympathetic

6.

общительный

7. absent-minded

8.

ответственный

9. reliable

10.

остроумный

11. bad-tempered

12.

самоуверенный

13. moody

14.

дружелюбный

15. patient

16.

черта характера

17. demanding

18.

упрямый

19. cheerful

20.

откровенный

7. Use the following character-adjectives in the sentences given below.

moody • bad-tempered • patient • generous • talkative •
obstinate • reliable • sympathetic • shy • jealous • lazy • ill-bred

1. Simon is always … in the morning. He gets angry at the slightest thing.

2. Susan’s husband is so …. He is always buying her things.

3. The thing I like most about my friend is that he is so …. If he tells you something, he always keeps his word.

4. Paul’s fiancée is very …, isn’t she? She hardly says a word and always looks down at the floor when she talks to you.

5. Don’t ask Martha to dance at least not if her husband is looking. He gets so …

6. My mother-in-law is so …. When my children are naughty she never loses her temper.

7. Pam loves to talk a lot, doesn’t she? I don’t think I’ve met quite so … as she is.

8. The trouble with Jane is that she is so … One morning she’s laughing, the next she is sulking.

9. Jane never does any work about the house even though she doesn’t work. I really can’t understand how anyone can be so….

10. One thing I like about Vicky is that she is so …. If you have