ChatGPT:   ?    ,   !
 


ChatGPT:   ?         ChatGPT   .            .     -     21 !    ChatGPT.





ChatGPT:   ?

   ,   !



  



ISBN978-5-0062-3096-5

     Ridero




 1.  ChatGPT


1.   ?   ?



ߠ -  ,   OpenAI,   ChatGPT.      GPT-4(Generative Pretrained Transformer).  ࠖ  ,   ,        .



     ,  , , -  .         ,     .



    ,   ,        .    ,    .  ,    ,   ,    .      ,   ,        .



  , ,       ,      .   ,    .         ,  -    .



2.   GPT Generative Pretrained Transformer?      .



GPT-4,    Generative Pretrained Transformer 4,    ,   OpenAI.      :



1. Generative () ,        ().     (,    )    (,    ),         .



2. Pretrained ( ) ,        ,     .                ,  , , , ,      ,     (,   ).



3. Transformer ()   ,    .   ,  ,  ,           .     ,       .            -       .



  GPT  OpenAI       ,    ,    .             -     GenerativeAI.



3.   Generative AI?   ,       ?       ?



Generative AI    ,     ,   , ,  ,    ,         . Ѡ Generative AI   ,   ,         .



 20222023       ,     .    ,   GPT-4  ,        .



    Generative AI,   , ,    ,     ,      .








 Generative AI      ,          .    Generative AI     .



   Generative AI        ,    ,   .



  Generative AI,         .          ,    .



  



Generative AI    ,     (,  , ),   ,  ,          AI .     ,     2023:



  -



ChatGPT  OpenAI,   GPT,        ,    ,     . ChatGPT     ,       5, 100  2.



          -.   2023   - Claude  Anthropic, Open-Source  LLAMA-2, ALPACA Vicuna, -Grok  X.com ( Twitter),  PaLM 2Gemini -Bard    Google  .



 



   Midjourney, Stable Diffusion, DALL-E        .           ,     .



  



 Runway ML, Pika Labs, Emu Video, Zeroscope .    Generative AI    ,       - .



         Generative AI,         ,  .



4.       ?  -    ?



        ,     OpenAI:



1.   :       ,   .         ()     .      -       ,          ,     -.



2.   :  ,   ,    . Ƞ          ,       .              ,        -.



3.    :       ,  , ,   -.                (  ),      .             .



4.  ,  :    (finetuning)      RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback).              .        ,        .



5.    :  OpenAI      堖  -  ,   .  ,     ,         .              ,        ,      .



       ,        -,         .



5.  ,      . ,      ?     ? Ƞ /   ?



      :



1. :       .             . Ƞ        , ,    ,   .



2. :      ,      ,      (  )       ( ).



3.  :     ,       ,     .    ,        .       ,       ,      .








  ,         (       Google  Bing).     堖          ( ),      .



      ( )  ,        .    ( )         .



Ƞ  -  (      )   (   , ) ,    /,    ,   .



6.      (prompt)?    ?  堫  堫 ( Google)?   Prompt engineering?



          .   (   /)       .     ,  ,     ,    ,        (    ).



        ,      (    ),      .   ,         (),  ,      .



,         ,   ,        -,   ,         - .



Prompt engineering      () ,          ,    .       ,   ,   -  ,   ChatGPT.



7.            .           ?



 ,     ,      .



 :



     

    

    

    

   ,   

    



     ( ),   -     -      ,   ,       .








  ,      . ,        (,          ).          ,    .



        ,  ,     -,          .



8. !     蠖    , , , ?    ,         ?



            ,     .   ,    ,    .



  :



   

   

    

   

   

(   )



  :



   

,   

    

  

 

   



  :



  

  

   

(,   )

   

  

  

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    ChatGPT  :



1.  : ChatGPT      ,    ,       .



2.  : ChatGPT      ,    , ,    .



3.  :  ,     ,   ChatGPT.   ,          ,   .



4.  : ChatGPT     ,         ,     .



5.  : ChatGPT     ,        .



6.  :      ,  ,   ,     .



7.  : ChatGPT       ,    ,   , ,   .



8.    : ChatGPT    ,      ,    .



       ChatGPT  .



9.      ?   ,     ?     -?








Ӡ,  ChatGPT  ,    ,        .



1.     .



   ChatGPT      ,            .          ,  -, ,      .         ,   , , ,    ,    ,    .



2.    -.



,    ChatGPT    99%  ,  , , ,   .        ,  ,  ,    .       ,   -  ,      ,      ,         -.



3.   .



          -.    ChatGPT    ,   ,   ,  .         ,     .           ,      ,    .



4.      -.



,  ChatGPT,        ,         .    ,          ,        .



   - ,      -⻠     ,       ,  ,  ,   -,                ,     .



10.    !       !     ,   ,  ,    -?



  ,         -:



     .



  ,   .    .

  ,      .

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 ,         젖  ,   ,    ,       .



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      ( ) .

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      .

      .

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 蠖         -.          -,   !



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 ,     .

 ,      (LLM)    .

      .



        :   .   NLP  ,     -    .



,    ChatGPT.



 ,  ,   OpenAI.

    GPT- - ChatGPT.

 ,   ,  ChatGPT.

    -    .



   OpenAI,    ChatGPT   .         .



  ChatGPT -.



     ().

   -  ChatGPT.

    ChatGPT Plus.

      GPTs.



  -       .       ChatGPT      ,        .



   ChatGPT.



  ChatGPT   ,         .

  ChatGPT   ,           .



    ,   ,         .   ,            .



   -. AGI.



 ,    ,    .

      (ANI)   (AGI).

   ( )   .

    AGI.



           .   ,   ,     .



   -.



 , ,    .

     ,   ,  ,   .

     , , ,   ,     .



       蠖      .          .



           .  ,  -      .         -.




 2.      


1.    ?      ?



  ()    ,       ,    , ,    ,     .



      1956    .     ,   ,  ,    ,  ,     ,     .



         .         . Ѡ           ,   ,  ,  ,   .



      ,            .        ,      .



    :



 ( ) Ƞ Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI)    .          .



 ( ) Ƞ Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)     ,    .     .



2.        ?








       :



1.   (1950-堖 1960- ):       .  1950         ,         ,   .  1956       ,    ,      ,   .



2.    (1960-堖  1970-):         ,   ELIZA (   ) SHRDLU (     ).        ,   ,  ,    ,   .



3.    ( 1970-  1980-):       -     ,    .    ,    .



4.   (1980-):       ,          .     ,     .



5.    ( 1980- 1990-):       ,  -   ,           .  ,      ,  ,     ,     .



6.    (2000-堖  ): Ѡ  ,            .       ,   ,      .  -    :    ⠖    .



      ,      .      ,  ,    .



3.      .      ?



  (),     ,     20-       ,       :








 20-        ,    GOFAI (Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence).   :



1.    ,        .     ,   ,   ,    .



2.  蠖 ,       (   ).      ,  ( )        .



3.              .     ,      ,  .



4.   ,       (-)     .                   .



5.      ,   ,       .   , ࠖ  ,        ,     .



6. ࠖ   ,   , ,      ,     ,  ,   .



7.  (ML)        (AI),      21,        ,         .        ,  ,    ,         .



  (Neural Networks)   (Deep Learning)         ,      .     ,           ,          .



         ,    ,     .



-,         .      ,    ,  ,  .



-,   (CV),       .



-, NLP (  ),          .



  NLP      (Large Language Models, LLMS) Foundational Models.    ,            .          -,       .



4.       ? Ƞ ,    -   -?








       ,       .    :



1. :      ,      . Ѡ    ,     ,       .



2. :       ,  ,        .



3. :       ,            .



4. :          ,     .



5.  :      ,   ,       .



6. :      ,         .



7.  :     ,  ,    ,   .



8.  :         ,        .



9. :       ,     .



10. :     ,  ,      .



     .    ,  AI      ,             .



  -     , - -.         ,   ,  -.     :



1.  :        ,        .



2.  :   -,  -       ,            .



3.    (NLP):    -  ,      ,   .



4.   :        ,  ,    ,    .



5.   :        , ,          .



6. -:       ,       .



7.   :        ,     .



8.   (UX):       ,            .



9.  :       ,    ,   ,        .



10.  :       ,  ,      .



 ,   -          .



5.    Ȼ   ()    ?



 ,    Ȼ   ,         .     ,    ,     ,          .



       :



   .



           .  -   -     . Ƞ ,     .



              ,       ,     .       ,     .       ,  ,   .



 ,      (opensource)  ,       .              (  ),        .



   .



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Ƞ       ,            .      ,          .



   -.



Ƞ     ,      ,    :  ,  ,    .  ,       .



        .   ,     ,              .



          AI Alignment    /     .       , , , ,   .



  .



           ( )     .        ,    -      -  .



      (  ,    ꠖ ,  , )    ,         ( ).    ,             .



 ,    ,    ,      ,         ,       (AGI)     .



6.             ,   ?



         ,    ,        (AGI).   :



1.    :          .    ,       ,            -    .



2.  :         ,     .           .



3.  :        ,            .     ,      , ,     .



4.   :             ,         ,     .



5.    :              ,      .



6.     :        ,         ,      .    ,     ,     -.



    , ,         ,         AGI.  , ,   ,  ,      .



7.       ?     .



     ()      ,     :



1. Cooperative AI / Augmented Intelligence:  ,              .          ,     .      , ,      (,  ,   ChatGPT, Siri  Alexa)  (,    ). ,  ,              .



2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) /  :      ,    ,     ,    .  ,  AGI   , ,      ,   ,       . AGI      ,     ,  ,    .



3.Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) /  :  ,        ,   , ,   .         :    ,   ,   ,    ,  ,    .  ASI      ,       ,      .



4. Singularity AI:  ,  ASI,  ,      (),        ,       .      ,   -   ,         .



 ,     ,      ,      AGI  ASI,   .  ,  , ,        ,         .



8.     ,    .    ?    ,    ?



 , , ,     ()   ,           .      :



1. :      ,      ,     .     ,     ,    .



2. :            ,       .           .



3. :      ,       .        ,  ,        .



4.  :      ,       . ,       ,        .



5. :     ,     .     ,  ,    ,  ,        .



6. :      ,        ,          .



7. :     ,     ,      ,      .        .



        ,       ,     ,    .



9.   ,           ?



       ()   ,     .



   ,    :



1.  :     Ƞ   ,     .      ,    ,      .



2.   :  䠖        .      ,   ,  ,        .



3.    :  ,           ,  ,        .   ,   ,   ,   ,      .



4.  :          .       ,    ,       .



5.  :    ,       .      ,   ,       .



6.  :        ,     ,        .



7.   :      ,       .      ,         .



          . Ƞ ,           ,      .           .



10.    ,    ,  , , ,       ?



  ,       ,  ,       :



1. Artificial Intelligence: AGuide for Thinking Humans  .



        .     ,          .   ,                ,      .



2. Rebooting AI    .



,   ,  , ,   ,      ,  ,  ,       .   ,   ,        .    ,       ,         ,     ,     ,     :  ,  ,   .



3. AI Superpowers: China, Silicon Valley, and the New World Order -.



   ,      . -蠖 ,      (Apple, Silicon Graphics, Microsoft, Google).  ,   ,     ,  ,  .     ,   ,  .   ,  ,    :      ,      .



4. The Age ofA.I.  ,  ,  .



   ,           .   ,           ,      .



5. Life 3.0: Being Human inthe Age ofArtificial Intelligence  .



 ,        ,    .             .



6. Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies  .



      ,    .       .   ,           .



7. The Singularity Is Near: When Humans Transcend Biology  .



       ,   , ,     ,   .         .



8. Surviving AI: The Promise and Peril ofArtificial Intelligence  .



    ,        .   ,          ,  .



9. Human Compatible  .



 -        ,    :

 ,     ?

 ,       ?

  ,      ?

  ,      -   .   ,     .  ,   ,           ,       ,    ,       .         .




 3.    


1.     ,       頖 GOFAI.   ?   ?



 Good Old-Fashioned Artificial Intelligence (GOFAI)    ,    ,     1980- ,      ,        .



    ,  GOFAI:



1.    ,        .     ,   ,   ,    .



2.  蠖 ,       (   ).      ,  ( )        .



3.              .     ,       ,  ,       .



4.   ,        (- ),   .               - -.



5.      ,   ,       .   , ࠖ  ,        ,         .



Ѡ    ,      ,            .  ,   AI -     .     ,      ,    ,   .  ,     AI           .



2.    ?     ?     ?



 堖    ,    ,        (   ).     ,    (     )     ,    ,      .








      (  ),       .       (, ,      )   (,      ,        ).



   ( )  :



1.      ():      (),   砫      (    ).         .



2.     :           ,   .   蠖      , 蠫    蠖        .



3.   :       ,        ,       (     ).



4.    :                   .



  ,      ࠖ         ()  :



Supervised Learning ( )

Unsupervised Learning (  )

Semi-supervised Learning (   )

Self-supervised Learning (/ )

Reinforcement Learning ( )



  ,          ()   :



 

 

 (  )

 (  )

.



3.         蠖   ,  , ?








        :



1.  :            -,  ,         ,    ,     .



2.  :   ,     ,      .        ,   ,  ,   ,   .



3.   :       ( ,  ,  ),   (,          )   (,    ).



4.  : 蠖    ,     . ,         ,     , ,  ,  .         ,       .



5.  :      (, ,  ..)  ,    ()   (Supervised, Unsupervised, Semi-supervised, Self-supervised  Reinforcement Learning)       .



6.  :        ,     .        ,           (  ).



7.  :         .           ( ),    .     ,     .   ,   ,  頖       



8.   :           ,     ,   - .



9.   ():  ,    ,  ,     (   )     .



10.    ():        .     -    .  ,    ,        .       (CPU),   (GPU)        (TPU).



       :   , , ,    ,    , ,      ,    .



4.    ,      ?



 堖  ,              .



            .         ,     ,   ,    (   ).



 ,      頖      .       ,   ,   .



       :



  ࠖ  ,     ,   ,       . ,         ,         (    )   .      .



 蠖  ,             ( - ),   ,      . ,    ,      . ,     85100,    85%.



 蠖               ( ,     ,      ).   ,     . ,           (           ),        (        ).



 (Perplexity)            .      ,       . , ,  10, ,          10.      .   1     (  )  .



 ,     蠖    .



  (Underfitting):  ,       ,    .        ,   .



  (Overfitting):   .          ,        ,    .         ,  - .








         .     ,     , ,  ,       .



5. ,     ()  ?








      :   (Supervised Learning),    (Unsupervised Learning)   (Reinforcement Learning).   2  :     (Semi-supervised Learning) /  (Self-supervised Learning).



     :



1.   (Supervised Learning)



     ,       .  蠖        . ,        ,         ,       (   ). ,     - ,        蠖    .                   ,       .   蠖                 ()  .



2.    (Unsupervised Learning)



    ,      ,     (  ..).    ,       .    (,                )   (,       ).



3.   (Reinforcement Learning)



    (     -)  ,    .          ꠖ  ()  (  )     (  ) .      䠖     (  ),      .     (          ),   (       ),   ( ꠖ      ).



4.     (Semi-supervised Learning)



     (       ),     (Supervised Learning)    (Unsupervised Learning).         .        (    ).   ,             ,           . Ƞ              .



5. /  (Self-supervised Learning)



   ,    ,      (        ).  蠖    ,    . ,  堖   ,         .          .        .  ,      (, , ),        .          (     ). Ƞ   ࠖ       -    (       ). ,             ,    ..       (Generative AI)        .



              .



6.       ?        .



       .








   ,     :



1.  :         . ,  ,      ,   .      (  ).



2.  :   ,       ,    .     -   ,       . ,           .



3.  :    ,     . ,      ,   ,  ,   ..,   .   ,      ( )      .



4.   (Reinforcement Learning):       (          ),     (       ),   ( ꠖ      ).



5. :       (,  ),       ,    .     , ,  ..,     ,    : , ,   .. ,        ,      :  ,      ;     ,   ;    .




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