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  , 4 1953,           ,      ,  1 2   .    , ,    ,   ,     .     ,     .    ,              .    ,           .        .

       ,    ,   ,         .      . .    ,     ,      [2 -       The NewYork Times 4 1953, .3.   .:    . .  2 4 1953.,    4 1953.].       ,     -  .   ,    ,    .      ,  ,  ,   ,  ,   ,  .   ,      , 13,        ,    , , ,                .     .     .   㠖  ,  ,    ⠖      ,    .  ,        .    , 蠖      .     , ,  ,                .           . Ƞ     ,  - .      .     .

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  ,  ,          .     .      .   ,    .          .    :    ,      ,       ,      ࠖ .             ,          .       . ʠ1936              .

,   , 1945  1947,    ,   .   -           .   1945 Chicago Tribune, Paris Press Newsweek    ,                 . 11   Bref , 13        ,     [6 -     Yoram Gorlizki, OlegKhlevniuk, old Peace: Stalin andthe Soviet Ruling Circle, 19451953 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), 177, n. 3.  :  . .,  .  .    . .: , 2011.].   ,  . 24 25        ,    ,           [7 - . .177, n.8.].

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  , ,  .      ,            .  ,         ,        .    ,       ⠖  , .   .    ,    .        .   - ,  , .       , ,      .      ,   ,   .

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 ,    ,     .   ,    ,   ,    .  .    ,       .          ,     ,   .  , ,    - :          ,  ,   ,    ,    .     ,     ,  ,   1952  . Ӡ      ,         .          ,          .    ,     ,      , ,   .       . ,    . ʠ       , ,  .    .

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    ,         ;    , ,  ,        .    ,      .          .    ,       .   ,  ,    ,   .  ,     ,   ,  ,   ,    .   ,  ,           ,   .          .    [28 -  . .  . .  //  . 1988. 3 (頖 ). .8494.].    ,    ,    ,    [29 - Nadezhda Mandelstam, Hope Against Hope (NewYork: Atheneum, 1979),383.].

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   ,      :       ,    ,  ,  ,    젖 ,  .         .     ,    .         ,     .   ,     ,    ,      :       ,    . Ƞ  ![30 - Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers (1970),319.].                .      .

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 ,        .   ,       . Ƞ ,  ,  . , , ,      ,  ,   ,  ,      .       ,     [36 - Khrushchev, Khrushchev Remembers (1970),318.]. Ӡ, ,      , , ,    ,   .         [37 - Alliluyeva, Twenty Letters, 7.         ,     . Ӡ       ,   ,         .      ,     .].

         ,        .  ,    ,    , ,      ,     ,    ,    ,      .          .    ,    .

    , ,  ,  ,   ,   .      , ,  , , " ", "",    [38 - . .212.].    ,     -    ,         .    ( ) ,  ,   ,    .  1948     -     20 1951     Time,   - 蠫   . ,  ,    . ,      .    ,  ,  ,      ,    .      1952,     - ,   .    ,  ,         .    ,          .    ,     [39 - . .214.].

  1953       .    ,       ,     ,     .          ,    .  ,  ,     ,      .        ,    .    ߠ    :



,   ,           .        ,    ,  -  ,        ,      -     .    ,   ,     ,   ,      .  ,       ,    ,    ,     ,      .   ,    젖   .      ,     [40 - Eddy Gilmore, Me andMyRussian Wife (Garden City, NewYork: Doubleday, 1954),290.].


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 ,  ,        (        ).     ,           ,    ,      .                 .   Newsweek,    ,  -      ,       [50 - .Newsweek. 1953. 16. .23.].

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 ,   1948       ,   .        ,        ,     . 4       ,       .   ,  [ ]  [61 -    , 5 1953.].

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-      ,          ,     ,  .  ,      ? , , , .         .   . ,   , , ,   .    , , ,  ,    []       ,   .  ,   ,   ,        ,    ,         ?  [66 - .The NewYork Times. 1953. 6. .12. 12 1945           ,   .   ,    (4).]. Ƞ,    ,      ,       ,    .  TheNewYork Times :           ,      [67 - .The NewYork Times. 1953. 6. .12.].

      ,         .          .   :



     4?! ,   ,       ࠖ    ,   , ,       ,        ,  . ߠ ,     , ,  ,   :  ࠖ ,  .      ,     蠖    頖  ,      ,  ,             .       .    .  ,     ,    .  ,    , ,    .  ,      ,  : !  !!! Ƞ    ⠖   ,  , ,  ,    [68 - .: Steven A. Barnes, Death andRedemption: TheGulag andthe Shaping ofSoviet Society (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011), 201.   .:  . . .  . .: ExLibris, 1991. C.216.].


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    ,   ,  ,               .      ,   . ,   ,      .    ,   ,   . , ,  ,     , ,        [69 - Gilmore, Me andMyRussian Wife, 286287.].

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          . Ƞ ,          1952 ,     XIX  ,    . (       .)     ,      :           .  ,          .   1925       ,        .

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            .  .            .    The NewYork Times,     ,      ,  ,     .   -  ,   ,     [83 - .The NewYork Times. 1952. 3. .7.].

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       .           .       ,     .    ,       ,    ,   .    :



           .       ,       ,     .  ,   ,   :                 . ,  , ,   ,       .         ,    .   .   [85 - Dmitrii Shepilov, TheKremlin's Scholar: AMemoir ofSoviet Politics Under Khrushchev (New Haven: YaleUniversity Press, 2007), 228.  :  . . : . .: , 2001.].


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    :      .    ,        . Ƞ ,   ,   .       , , ,       ,   ࠖ  ,   ,  ,  ,  .          [89 - Shepilov, TheKremlin's Scholar,229.].


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       ? ? , , . ? , ,  - . ? ,     . ? , , . ? , , . ? ,    . ? ?   .   [95 - .: Gorlizki, Khlevniuk, Cold Peace, 149.  .:  . .,  .  .    . .: , 2011.].


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     .          ,        1930- ,       .     , ,    ,        .      ࠖ         ,   .    1937 1938    ,       .  1939          (  ),       -,   .  ,     ,    [106 - Gennadi Kostyrchenko, Out ofthe Red Shadows: Anti-Semitism inStalin's Russia (Amherst, NewYork: Prometheus Books, 1995),120.].       ,       .   -    .  ,     ,     . Π      . ,           , ,   ,       1932.

   .   1941,    ,      .   1945,      ,       ,  ,    . ߠ ,  ,         ,       . ߠ       .      ,          .  ,     ,       ,           .    :     ,        ,  ,    [107 - .: OlegKhlevniuk, Master ofthe House: Stalin andhis Inner Circle (New Haven: YaleUniversity Press, 2009), xiiixiv.  :  . . .   . .: , 2005.].

     1949.          ,    , ,  ,  .        1948,    - . (  ,   ,               .)      ,    .    :   ,    ,       .   1949    .   , ,   ໠ ,   [108 -  . .    . .: , 1991. .473.]. ,      ,   .

   .    1952       ,            ,      .    , , .   ,    ,        .    , ,  ,      . Ӡ,      ,  ,       .    ,              . , , 25    - ,     .   56     ,    [109 -  . . . . .573.].        .     ,   ,      .

      ,   .   ,        ?[110 - Shepilov, TheKremlin's Scholar,235.].    ,     [111 -  . . . ., 1965. 5. .161.]. ,       .    , , ,      ,   1956 XX       1961 XXII .   ,  ,   ,          .

 , ,   1952     ,  .   ?      .  1930- ,    ,     . ʠ 1950-      ,      -   蠫   .    1937      .        ,    ,  .       ,          . Ƞ   ,     .   ,         軠    .   ,       ,    ⠫ ,       .

,   ,    .  ,            .  , 1951          ,           蠫.          .  ,   ,   .  ,        , ,         ,    [112 - Khlevniuk, Master ofthe House, 214.  :  . . .    . .: , 2010.].   1930-   ,           .  ,  , ,       ,        .            ,      ,   .

       .       1936    .      ,  1937.     ,  1939 , ,      .     1937      ;      .      1940  ,    .     .   ,        ,   .        .         ,    .

  ,             .         -,          -.       ,    砫   ,  ,      .  ,    ,  ,            . ,  , ,       " ",    .    .    ,  , ,       . ,  ,     ,    , ,  ,     [113 - .The NewYork Times. 1952. 17. .19.].          .            ,          .

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         , ,     ,     .    1951    ,                .      ,      ,                .

 ,     -,    .    堖     蠖    ,  ,        .    .    ,             ,   .      ,   ,    .    -  ,                 . , ,  -  ,                :   ,       ,    ,   ,    .




3

  


Ѡ    20 1952      .     ,  1949   ,         .  ,  ,      .                () .   1951         .        ,   1953    ,        . ,  , ,      .



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   ,  ,   ,    .

      ,       ,   ,          .     ,  , ,  -,  -    ,   .        . ,    ,    .  ,         ,    .      ,  . ,    .    ,    , ,    ,   .   ,    3.  ,     ,  ,    ,    .

      ,          [119 -        .   ,    ,        .           ,      .        .      ,     .         ,   ,   .   ,     1968  L'Aveu (, 蠖 , 堖  (TheConfession), ,     ,   -,        .   ,   , 1968       ,   .                  ,           .].      ,          蠫-   .      :     ,      .  ,  㠖  [120 - Meir Cotic, ThePrague Trial: TheFirst Anti-Zionist Show Trial inthe Communist Bloc (NewYork: Cornwall Books, 1987),144.]. ʠ         , ,       ;      .  ,      ,     .

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XIX            .           ,           .       .        ,          . -       .         .

    1952        ,   ,    ,  ,    . 1        ࠫ   . 堖 . . ,   , , .           [122 - .   i. 1952. 29. .1;   : TheCurrent Digest ofthe Soviet Press. 1953. 3. .IV. 47. .16.     .].   ,   ,   .        , ,       ,    ,  .     .      ,  .

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     ,     .   1948,          (     )         ,        .   ,       - ,       .        .     ,     .

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