1984
George Orwell


    -     1984,           ,       ,     .      .         .





1984

George Orwell





George Orwell,2023

ISBN978-5-0060-2733-6

     Ridero




, .

1984:     .

    -     1984,          ,     ,    .

     .        .         ;        ,    ;      .     .

        .






PartI





ChapterI


It was abright cold day inApril, and the clocks were striking thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin () nuzzled () into his breast () inan effort toescape () the vile () wind, slipped () quickly through the glass doors ofVictory Mansions (), though not quickly enough toprevent aswirl () ofgritty () dust () from entering along withhim.

The hallway () smelt () ofboiled () cabbage () and old rag () mats (). At one end ofit acoloured poster (), too large for indoor display (), had been tacked ( ) tothe wall. It depicted () simply an enormous face, more than ametre wide: the face ofaman ofabout forty-five, with aheavy () black moustache () and ruggedly () handsome () features. Winston made for the stairs ( ). It was no use trying the lift. Even at the best oftimes it was seldom working, and at present the electric current () was cut off ( ) during daylight hours. It was part ofthe economy drive inpreparation for Hate Week. The flat () was seven flights up ( ), and Winston, who was thirty-nine and had avaricose () ulcer () above his right ankle (), went slowly, resting several times on the way. On each landing (), opposite the lift-shaft ( ), the poster with the enormous face gazed () from the wall. It was one ofthose pictures which are so contrived () that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption () beneath () itran. [1 - made for the stairs (.)  ]

Inside the flat afruity () voice () was reading out alist offigures which had something todo with the production ofpig-iron (). The voice came from an oblong () metal plaque () like adulled () mirror () which formed part ofthe surface () ofthe right-hand wall. Winston turned aswitch and the voice sank () somewhat ( ), though the words were still distinguishable (). The instrument (the telescreen, it was called) could be dimmed (), but there was no way ofshutting () it off completely. He moved over tothe window: asmallish (), frail () figure, the meagreness () ofhis body merely () emphasized () bythe blue overalls () which were the uniform ofthe party. His hair was very fair (), his face naturally sanguine (), his skin roughened () bycoarse () soap and blunt () razor () blades () and the cold ofthe winter that had just ended.

Outside, even through the shut () window-pane ( ), the world looked cold. Down inthe street little eddies () ofwind were whirling () dust () and torn () paper into spirals, and though the sun was shining () and the sky aharsh () blue, there seemed tobe no colour inanything, except the posters that were plastered () everywhere. The blackmoustachiod () face gazed down () from every commanding () corner. There was one on the house-front immediately opposite. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption said, while the dark eyes looked deep into Winstons own. Down at street level another poster, torn () at one corner, flapped () fitfully () inthe wind, alternately () covering and uncovering ( ) the single word INGSOC. Inthe far distance ahelicopter skimmed down ( ) between the roofs (), hovered () for an instant () like abluebottle ( ), and darted away ( ) again with acurving () flight (). It was the police patrol, snooping () into peoples windows. The patrols did not matter ( ), however. Only the Thought Police mattered.

Behind Winstons back the voice from the telescreen was still babbling away () about pig-iron and the overfulfilment () ofthe Ninth Three-Year Plan. The telescreen received () and transmitted () simultaneously (). Any sound that Winston made, above the level ofavery low whisper (), would be picked up () byit, moreover ( ), so long as he remained () within the field ofvision which the metal plaque commanded, he could be seen as well as heard. There was ofcourse no way ofknowing whether you were being watched at any given moment. How often, or on what system, the Thought Police plugged () inon any individual wire () was guesswork (). It was even conceivable () that they watched everybody all the time. But at any rate () they could plug () inyour wire () whenever ( ) they wanted to. You had tolive did live, from habit () that became instinct inthe assumption () that every sound you made was overheard (), and, except indarkness, every movement scrutinized ( ).

Winston kept his back turned tothe telescreen. It was safer (), though, as he well knew, even aback can be revealing (). Akilometre away the Ministry ofTruth, his place ofwork, towered () vast and white above the grimy () landscape. This, he thought with asort ( ) ofvague () distaste () this was London, chief city ofAirstrip (- ) One, itself the third most populous ofthe provinces ofOceania. He tried tosqueeze out () some childhood memory that should tell him whether London had always been quite like this. Were there always these vistas () ofrotting () nineteenth-century houses, their sides shored up () with baulks () oftimber (), their windows patched () with cardboard () and their roofs () with corrugated () iron, their crazy garden walls sagging () inall directions? And the bombed sites where the plaster () dust () swirled () inthe air and the willow- herb () straggled () over the heaps () ofrubble (); and the places where the bombs had cleared alarger patch () and there had sprung up ( ) sordid () colonies ofwooden () dwellings () like chicken- houses ()? But it was no use, he could not remember: nothing remained ofhis childhood except aseries ofbrightlit ( ) tableaux () occurring () against no background ( ) and mostly unintelligible ().

The Ministry ofTruth-Minitrue, inNewspeak was startlingly () different from any other object insight ( ). It was an enormous pyramidal structure ofglittering () white concrete (), soaring up ( ), terrace after terrace, 300metres into the air. From where Winston stood it was just () possible toread, picked out () on its white face inelegant () lettering, the three slogans ofthe Party:

The Ministry ofTruth contained (), it was said, three thousand rooms above ground level, and corresponding () ramifications () below. Scattered () about London there were just three other buildings ofsimilar appearance () and size (). So completely did they dwarf () the surrounding architecture that from the roof ofVictory Mansions you could see all four ofthem simultaneously (). They were the homes ofthe four Ministries between which the entire apparatus ofgovernment was divided. The Ministry ofTruth, which concerned itself () with news, entertainment (), education, and the fine () arts. The Ministry ofPeace, which concerned itself with war. The Ministry ofLove, which maintained () law and order. And the Ministry ofPlenty (), which was responsible for economic affairs. Their names, inNewspeak: Minitrue, Minipax, Miniluv, and Miniplenty.

The Ministry ofLove was the really frightening () one. There were no windows init at all. Winston had never been inside the Ministry ofLove, nor within half akilometre ofit. It was aplace impossible toenter except on official business, and then only bypenetrating () through amaze () ofbarbedwire ( ) entanglements (), steel doors, and hidden () machine-gun nests ( ). Even the streets leading up toits outer () barriers () were roamed () bygorilla-faced guards inblack uniforms, armed with jointed () truncheons ().

Winston turned round abruptly (). He had set () his features into the expression ofquiet optimism which it was advisable () towear () when facing the telescreen. He crossed the room into the tiny () kitchen. Byleaving the Ministry at this time ofday he had sacrificed () his lunch inthe canteen (), and he was aware () that there was no food inthe kitchen except ahunk () ofdark-coloured bread which had got tobe saved for tomorrows breakfast. He took down from the shelf abottle ofcolourless liquid () with aplain white label marked VICTORY GIN. It gave off () asickly (), oily smell ( ), as ofChinese rice-spirit. Winston poured out () nearly ateacupful ( ), nerved himself for ashock ( ), and gulped () it down like adose ofmedicine. [2 - Chinese rice-spirit (.)   ]

Instantly () his face turned scarlet ( ) and the water ran out ofhis eyes. The stuff () was like nitric acid ( ), and moreover, inswallowing it ( ) one had the sensation () ofbeing hit () on the back ofthe head with arubber club ( ). The next moment, however, he burning () inhis belly () died down and the world began tolook more cheerful (). He took acigarette from acrumpled () packet marked VICTORY CIGARETTES and incautiously () held it upright (), whereupon ( ) the tobacco fell out on tothe floor (). With the next he was more successful. He went back tothe living-room () and sat down at asmall table that stood tothe left ofthe telescreen. From the table drawer ( ) he took out apenholder, abottle ofink ( ), and athick (), quarto-sized ( ) blank book ( ) with ared back () and amarbled () cover.

For some reason (- ) the telescreen inthe living-room was inan unusual position. Instead ofbeing ( ) placed, as was normal, inthe end wall, where it could command () the whole room, it was inthe longer wall, opposite the window. Toone side ofit there was ashallow () alcove inwhich Winston was now sitting, and which, when the flats were built, had probably been intended () tohold bookshelves. Bysitting inthe alcove, and keeping well back, Winston was able toremain outside the range (  ) ofthe telescreen, so far as sight went (  ). He could be heard, ofcourse, but so long as he stayed inhis present position he could not be seen. It was partly () the unusual geography ofthe room that had suggested () tohim the thing that he was now about todo.

But it had also been suggested () bythe book that he had just ( ) taken out ofthe drawer (). It was apeculiarly () beautiful book. Its smooth () creamy () paper, alittle yellowed byage, was ofakind that had not been manufactured for at least forty years past. He could guess (), however, that the book was much older than that. He had seen it lying inthe window ofafrowsy () little junk-shop ( ) inaslummy () quarter ofthe town (just what quarter he did not now remember) and had been stricken () immediately byan overwhelming () desire () topossess () it. Party members were supposed () not togo into ordinary shops (dealing () on the free market, it was called), but the rule was not strictly () kept, because there were various () things, such as shoelaces () and razor blades, which it was impossible toget hold ofinany other way. He had given aquick () glance up and down () the street and then had slipped () inside and bought the book for two dollars fifty. At the time he was not conscious () ofwanting it for any particular () purpose. He had carried it guiltily () home inhis briefcase (). Even with nothing written init, it was acompromising possession ().

The thing that he was about todo ( ) was toopen adiary (). This was not illegal (nothing was illegal, since there were no longer any laws), but if detected it was reasonably () certain () that it would be punished bydeath, or at least bytwentyfive years inaforced-labour camp. Winston fitted () anib () into the penholder and sucked () it toget the grease off ( ). The pen was an archaic instrument, seldom used even for signatures (), and he had procured one (), furtively () and with some difficulty, simply because ofafeeling that the beautiful creamy () paper deserved () tobe written on with areal nib () instead ofbeing scratched () with an ink-pencil ( ). Actually he was not used towriting byhand. Apart from () very short notes, it was usual todictate everything into the speak-write which was ofcourse impossible for his present purpose. He dipped () the pen into the ink and then faltered () for just () asecond. Atremor () had gone through his bowels (). Tomark () the paper was the decisive () act. Insmall clumsy () letters he wrote: [3 - forced-labour camp (.)  ]

He sat back. Asense ofcomplete helplessness had descended upon ( ) him. Tobegin with, he did not know with any certainty () that this was 1984. It must be round about that date, since () he was fairly () sure () that his age was thirty-nine, and he believed that he had been born in1944or 1945; but it was never possible nowadays ( ) topin down () any date within ayear ortwo.

For whom ( ), it suddenly occurred () tohim towonder (), was he writing this diary? For the future, for the unborn (). His mind hovered () for amoment round the doubtful date on the page, and then fetched up () with abump () against the Newspeak word DOUBLETHINK. For the first time () the magnitude () ofwhat he had undertaken () came home tohim. How could you communicate with the future? It was ofits nature impossible. Either () the future would resemble () the present, inwhich case it would not listen tohim: or it would be different from it, and his predicament ( ) would be meaningless (). [4 - came home tohim (.)  ]

For some time he sat gazing () stupidly at the paper. The telescreen had changed over () tostrident () military music. It was curious () that he seemed not merely tohave lost the power ofexpressing himself, but even tohave forgotten what it was that he had originally intended () tosay. For weeks past he had been making ready for this moment, and it had never crossed his mind that anything would be needed except courage (). The actual writing would be easy. All he had (,    ) todo was totransfer topaper the interminable () restless () monologue that had been running inside his head, literally for years. At this moment, however, even the monologue had dried up (). Moreover his varicose ulcer had begun itching () unbearably (). He dared () not scratch () it, because if he did so it always became inflamed (). The seconds were ticking by(). He was conscious ofnothing (  ) except the blankness () ofthe page infront ofhim, the itching () ofthe skin above his ankle (), the blaring () ofthe music, and aslight () booziness () caused () bythe gin ().

Suddenly he began writing insheer () panic, only imperfectly aware of( ) what he was setting down (). His small but childish handwriting () straggled up and down () the page, shedding () first its capital letters and finally even its full stops ():

April 4th, 1984.

Last night tothe flicks. All war films. One very good one ofaship () full ofrefugees () being bombed somewhere inthe Mediterranean ( ). Audience () much amused () byshots () ofagreat huge fat ( ) man trying toswim away () with ahelicopter after him, first you saw him wallowing along () inthe water like aporpoise ( ), then you saw him through the helicopters gunsights (), then he was full ofholes () and the sea round him turned pink () and he sank () as suddenly as though the holes () had let inthe water, audience shouting with laughter (). when he sank (). then you saw alifeboat ( ) full ofchildren with ahelicopter hovering () over it. There was amiddle-aged woman might have been ajewess sitting up inthe bow ( ) with alittle boy about three years old inher arms. little boy screaming () with fright () and hiding () his head between her breasts as if he was trying toburrow () right into her and the woman putting () her arms round him and comforting () him although she was blue with fright () herself, all the time covering him up as much as possible as if she thought her arms could keep the bullets off () him. Then the helicopter planted a20kilo bomb inamong them terrific () flash () and the boat went all tomatchwood (). Then there was awonderful shot ofachilds arm going up up up right up into the air ahelicopter with acamera inits nose must have followed it up and there was alot ofapplause () from the party seats but awoman down inthe prole (頗[5 - Last night tothe flicks (.)    ]

) part ofthe house suddenly started kicking up afuss ( ) and shouting they didnt oughter ( ) ofshowed it not infront ofkids ( ) they didnt it aint () right not infront ofkids it aint until the police turned her turned her out idont suppose anything happened toher nobody cares () what the proles () say typical prole reaction they never

Winston stopped writing, partly because he was suffering () from cramp (). He did not know what had made him pour () out this stream () ofrubbish (). But the curious () thing was that while he was doing so atotally different memory had clarified () itself inhis mind, tothe point where he almost felt () equal () towriting it down. It was, he now realized, because ofthis other incident that he had suddenly decided tocome at home and begin the diary today.

It had happened that morning at the Ministry, if anything so nebulous () could be said tohappen.

It was nearly eleven hundred, and inthe Records Department, where Winston worked, they were dragging () the chairs () out ofthe cubicles () and grouping () them inthe centre ofthe hall opposite the big telescreen, inpreparation for the Two Minutes Hate. Winston was just taking his place inone ofthe middle rows () when two people whom he knew bysight (), but had never spoken to, came unexpectedly () into the room. One ofthem was agirl whom he often passed inthe corridors. He did not know her name, but he knew that she worked inthe Fiction Department (  ). Presumably () since he had sometimes seen her with oily () hands and carrying aspanner ( ) she had some mechanical job on one ofthe novel-writing (   .) machines. She was abold-looking ( ) girl, ofabout twenty-seven, with thick () hair, afreckled () face, and swift (), athletic movements. Anarrow () scarlet () sash (), emblem ofthe Junior Anti-Sex League, was wound several times round the waist () ofher overalls (), just tightly () enough tobring out the shapeliness () ofher hips (). Winston had disliked () her from the very first moment ofseeing her. He knew the reason. It was because ofthe atmosphere ofhockey-fields ( ) and cold baths () and community hikes () general clean-mindedness () which she managed () tocarry about with her. He disliked nearly all women, and especially the young and pretty () ones. It was always the women, and above all ( ) the young ones, who were the most bigoted () adherents () ofthe Party, the swallowers () ofslogans, the amateur () spies () and nosers-out () ofunorthodoxy (). But this particular () girl gave him the impression ofbeing more dangerous than most. Once when they passed inthe corridor she gave him aquick sidelong () glance () which seemed topierce right into him and for amoment had filled him with black terror. The idea had even crossed his mind that she might be an agent ofthe Thought Police. That, it was true, was very unlikely (). Still (), he continued tofeel apeculiar () uneasiness (), which had fear mixed up () init as well as hostility (), whenever she was anywhere nearhim. [6 - It was nearly eleven hundred (.)     (    -)]

The other person was aman named OBrien, amember ofthe Inner () Party and holder ofsome post so important and remote () that Winston had only adim () idea ofits nature. Amomentary hush () passed over the group ofpeople round the chairs as they saw the black overalls () ofan Inner Party member approaching (). OBrien was alarge, burly () man with athick () neck () and acoarse (), humorous (), brutal face. Inspite () ofhis formidable () appearance () he had acertain charm ofmanner. He had atrick () ofresettling () his spectacles () on his nose which was curiously () disarming () insome indefinable () way, curiously () civilized. It was agesture () which, if anyone had still thought insuch terms, might have recalled () an eighteenth- century nobleman () offering () his snuffbox (). Winston had seen OBrien perhaps () adozen times inalmost as many years. He felt deeply drawn ( ) tohim, and not solely () because he was intrigued () bythe contrast between OBriens urbane () manner and his prize-fighters physique (). Much more ( ) it was because ofasecretly held belief or perhaps not even abelief, merely () ahope that OBriens political orthodoxy was not perfect. Something inhis face suggested () it irresistibly (). And again, perhaps () it was not even unorthodoxy that was written inhis face, but simply intelligence. But at any rate () he had the appearance () ofbeing aperson that you could talk toif somehow you could cheat () the telescreen and get him alone (  ). Winston had never made the smallest effort toverify this guess (): indeed ( ), there was no way ofdoing so. At this moment OBrien glanced () at his wrist-watch ( ), saw that it was nearly eleven hundred, and evidently decided tostay inthe Records Department until the Two Minutes Hate was over (). He took achair inthe same row () as Winston, acouple () ofplaces away (). Asmall, sandy-haired ( ) woman who worked inthe next cubicle () toWinston was between them. The girl with dark hair was sitting immediately behind. The next moment ahideous (), grinding () speech, as ofsome monstrous machine running without oil, burst () from the big telescreen at the end ofthe room. It was anoise that set ones teeth on edge ( ,  ) and bristled () the hair at the back ofones neck (). The Hate had started.

As usual, the face ofEmmanuel Goldstein, the Enemy ofthe People, had flashed () on tothe screen. There were hisses () here and there among the audience. The little sandy-haired woman gave asqueak () ofmingled () fear and disgust (). Goldstein was the renegade and backslider () who once, long ago (how long ago, nobody quite remembered), had been one ofthe leading figures ofthe Party, almost on alevel with Big Brother himself, and then had engaged () incounter revolutionary activities, had been condemned () todeath, and had mysteriously escaped () and disappeared. The programmes ofthe Two Minutes Hate varied from day today, but there was none inwhich Goldstein was not the principal figure. He was the primal () traitor () the earliest defiler () ofthe Partys purity (). All subsequent () crimes against the Party, all treacheries (), acts ofsabotage, heresies (), deviations (), sprang () directly out ofhis teaching. Somewhere or other (-) he was still alive and hatching () his conspiracies (): perhaps somewhere beyond the sea, under the protection ofhis foreign paymasters, perhaps even so it was occasionally () rumoured ( ) insome hidingplace () inOceania itself.

Winstons diaphragm was constricted (). He could never see the face ofGoldstein without apainful mixture ( ) ofemotions. It was alean () Jewish face, with agreat fuzzy () aureole ofwhite hair and asmall goatee beard aclever face, and yet ( ) somehow (-) inherently ( ) despicable (), with akind ofsenile ( ) silliness () inthe long thin () nose, near the end ofwhich apair () ofspectacles () was perched (). It resembled the face ofasheep (), and the voice, too, had asheep-like quality (). Goldstein was delivering () his usual venomous () attack upon the doctrines ofthe Party an attack so exaggerated () and perverse () that achild should have been able tosee through it, and yet just plausible () enough tofill () one with an alarmed () feeling that other people, less level-headed () than oneself, might be taken inbyit. He was abusing () Big Brother, he was denouncing () the dictatorship ofthe Party, he was demanding () the immediate () conclusion () ofpeace with Eurasia, he was advocating freedom ofspeech, freedom ofthe Press, freedom ofassembly, freedom ofthought, he was crying hysterically that the revolution had been betrayed () and all this inrapid polysyllabic () speech which was asort ofparody ofthe habitual style ofthe orators ofthe Party, and even contained Newspeak words: more Newspeak words, indeed, than any Party member would normally use inreal life. And all the while (  ), lest () one should be inany doubt as tothe reality, which Goldsteins specious claptrap covered, behind his head on the telescreen there marched the endless columns ofthe Eurasian army row after row ofsolid-looking men with expressionless () Asiatic faces, who swam up tothe surface () ofthe screen and vanished (), tobe replaced () byothers exactly () similar. The dull () rhythmic tramp () ofthe soldiers boots formed the background () toGoldsteins bleating () voice. [7 - asmall goatee beard (.)   ()][8 - might be taken inbyit (.)   ]

Before the Hate had proceeded () for thirty seconds, uncontrollable exclamations () ofrage () were breaking () out from half the people inthe room. The self-satisfied sheep-like () face on the screen, and the terrifying () power ofthe Eurasian army behind it, were too much tobe borne (): besides (), the sight () or even the thought ofGoldstein produced fear () and anger () automatically. He was an object ofhatred () more constant than either Eurasia or Eastasia, since () when Oceania was at war with one ofthese Powers it was generally () at peace with the other. But what was strange () was that although Goldstein was hated () and despised () byeverybody, although every day and athousand times aday, on platforms, on the telescreen, innewspapers, inbooks, his theories were refuted (), smashed (), ridiculed (), held up () tothe general gaze () for the pitiful () rubbish () that they were inspite ( ) ofall this, his influence never seemed togrow less. Always there were fresh () dupes () waiting tobe seduced ( ) byhim. Aday never passed when spies () and saboteurs () acting under his directions were not unmasked () bythe Thought Police. He was the commander ofavast shadowy () army, an underground network () ofconspirators dedicated () tothe overthrow () ofthe State. The Brotherhood (), its name was supposed () tobe. There were also whispered () stories ofaterrible book, acompendium () ofall the heresies (), ofwhich Goldstein was the author and which circulated () clandestinely () here and there. It was abook without atitle. People referred () toit, if at all, simply as THE BOOK. But one knew ofsuch things only through vague () rumours (). Neither the Brotherhood nor THE BOOK was asubject that any ordinary () Party member would mention () if there was away ofavoiding ()it.

Inits second minute the Hate rose toafrenzy (). People were leaping up ( ) and down intheir places and shouting at the tops () oftheir voices inan effort todrown () the maddening ( ) bleating () voice that came from the screen. The little sandy-haired () woman had turned () bright pink, and her mouth was opening and shutting like that ofalanded fish. Even OBriens heavy face was flushed (). He was sitting very straight () inhis chair, his powerful chest swelling () and quivering () as though ( ) he were standing up () tothe assault () ofawave. The dark-haired girl behind Winston had begun crying out Swine! Swine! Swine! and suddenly she picked up () aheavy Newspeak dictionary and flung () it at the screen. It struck () Goldsteins nose and bounced off (); the voice continued inexorably (). Inalucid () moment Winston found that he was shouting with the others and kicking () his heel () violently against the rung () ofhis chair. The horrible thing about the Two Minutes Hate was not that one was obliged () toact apart, but, on the contrary, that it was impossible toavoid joining () in. Within () thirty seconds any pretence () was always unnecessary (). Ahideous () ecstasy offear and vindictiveness (), adesire tokill, totorture (), tosmash () faces inwith asledgehammer (), seemed toflow () through the whole group ofpeople like an electric current (), turning one even against ones will into agrimacing, screaming () lunatic (). And yet (Ƞ) the rage () that one felt was an abstract, undirected emotion which could be switched () from one object toanother like the flame ofablowlamp ( ). Thus ( ), at one moment (- ) Winstons hatred () was not turned against Goldstein at all, but, on the contrary, against Big Brother, the Party, and the Thought Police; and at such moments his heart went out () tothe lonely (), derided () heretic () on the screen, sole () guardian () oftruth and sanity () inaworld oflies. And yet ( ) the very next instant () he was at one () with the people about him, and all that was said ofGoldstein seemed tohim tobe true. At those moments his secret loathing () ofBig Brother changed into adoration (), and Big Brother seemed totower up (), an invincible (), fearless () protector (), standing like arock () against the hordes () ofAsia, and Goldstein, inspite ofhis isolation, his helplessness, and the doubt that hung () about his very existence, seemed like some sinister () enchanter (), capable () bythe mere power ofhis voice ofwrecking () the structure ofcivilization.

It was even possible, at moments, toswitch () ones hatred () this way or that byavoluntary act. Suddenly, bythe sort ofviolent effort with which one wrenches () ones head away from the pillow () inanightmare ( ), Winston succeeded () intransferring () his hatred from the face on the screen tothe dark-haired girl behind him. Vivid (), beautiful hallucinations flashed () through his mind. He would flog () her todeath with arubber () truncheon (). He would tie () her naked () toastake () and shoot () her full ofarrows () like Saint Sebastian. He would ravish () her and cut () her throat () at the moment ofclimax. Better than before (), moreover ( ), he realized WHY it was that he hated her. He hated her because she was young and pretty and sexless, because he wanted togo tobed with her and would never do so, because round her sweet supple () waist (), which seemed () toask you toencircle () it with your arm, there was only the odious scarlet () sash (), aggressive symbol ofchastity ().

The Hate rose toits climax (). The voice ofGoldstein had become an actual sheeps bleat ( ), and for an instant () the face changed into that ofasheep. Then the sheep-face ( ) melted () into the figure ofaEurasian soldier who seemed tobe advancing (), huge () and terrible (), his sub-machine gun () roaring (), and seeming tospring out () ofthe surface ofthe screen, so that some ofthe people inthe front row actually flinched backwards ( ) intheir seats.

But inthe same moment, drawing () adeep sigh () ofrelief () from everybody, the hostile () figure melted () into the face ofBig Brother, black-haired, black-moustachiod, full ofpower and mysterious calm (), and so vast that it almost filled up the screen. Nobody heard what Big Brother was saying. It was merely afew words ofencouragement (), the sort ofwords that are uttered () inthe din () ofbattle, not distinguishable () individually but restoring () confidence () bythe fact ofbeing spoken. Then the face ofBig Brother faded away () again, and instead () the three slogans ofthe Party stood out () inbold () capitals ():

But the face ofBig Brother seemed topersist () for several seconds on the screen, as though the impact () that it had made on everyones eyeballs ( ) was too vivid () towear off () immediately. The little sandy-haired woman had flung () herself forward over the back ofthe chair infront ofher. With atremulous () murmur () that sounded like My Saviour ()! she extended () her arms towards the screen. Then she buried () her face inher hands. It was apparent that she was uttering () aprayer ().

At this moment the entire () group ofpeople broke () into adeep, slow, rhythmical chant () ofB-B!B-B! over and over again ( ), very slowly, with along pause between the first B and the second aheavy, murmurous () sound, somehow (-) curiously savage (), inthe background ofwhich one seemed tohear the stamp () ofnaked () feet () and the throbbing () oftomtoms (). For perhaps as much as thirty seconds they kept it up (  ). It was arefrain that was often heard inmoments ofoverwhelming emotion. Partly () it was asort ofhymn tothe wisdom and majesty () ofBig Brother, but still more it was an act ofself-hypnosis (), adeliberate () drowning () ofconsciousness () bymeans () ofrhythmic noise. Winstons entrails () seemed togrow cold (). Inthe Two Minutes Hate he could not help sharing () inthe general delirium (), but this sub-human () chanting ofB-B!B-B! always filled him with horror. Ofcourse he chanted () with the rest (): it was impossible todo otherwise (). Todissemble () your feelings, tocontrol your face, todo what everyone else was doing, was an instinctive reaction. But there was aspace () ofacouple () ofseconds during which the expression ofhis eyes might conceivably () have betrayed () him. And it was exactly () at this moment that the significant () thing happened if, indeed, it did happen.

Momentarily () he caught () OBriens eye. OBrien had stood up. He had taken off his spectacles and was inthe act ofresettling () them on his nose with his characteristic gesture (). But there was afraction () ofasecond when their eyes met, and for as long as ( , ) it took tohappen Winston knew yes, he KNEW! that OBrien was thinking the same thing as himself. An unmistakable message had passed. It was as though ( ) their two minds had opened and the thoughts were flowing () from one into the other through their eyes. Iam with you, OBrien seemed tobe saying tohim. Iknow precisely () what you are feeling. Iknow all about your contempt (), your hatred, your disgust (). But dont worry (), Iam on your side! And then the flash () ofintelligence () was gone, and OBriens face was as inscrutable () as everybody elses.

That was all, and he was already uncertain () whether it had happened. Such incidents never had any sequel (). All that they did was tokeep alive () inhim the belief, or hope, that others besides himself were the enemies ofthe Party. Perhaps the rumours () ofvast underground conspiracies () were true after all-perhaps the Brotherhood really existed! It was impossible, inspite of( ) the endless arrests and confessions () and executions, tobe sure that the Brotherhood was not simply amyth. Some days he believed init, some days not. There was no evidence (), only fleeting () glimpses () that might mean anything or nothing: snatches () ofoverheard () conversation (), faint () scribbles () on lavatory () walls once, even, when two strangers met, asmall movement ofthe hand which had looked as though it might be asignal ofrecognition (). It was all guesswork (): very likely he had imagined () everything. He had gone back tohis cubicle () without looking at OBrien again. The idea offollowing up their momentary contact hardly crossed his mind. It would have been inconceivably () dangerous even if he had known how toset about doing it. For asecond, two seconds, they had exchanged () an equivocal () glance (), and that was the end ofthe story. But even that was amemorable event, inthe locked () loneliness () inwhich one had tolive.

Winston roused himself () and sat up straighter ( ). He let out abelch ( ). The gin was rising from his stomach ().

His eyes re-focused on the page. He discovered that while () he sat helplessly () musing () he had also been writing, as though () byautomatic action. And it was no longer () the same cramped (), awkward () handwriting () as before. His pen had slid () voluptuously () over the smooth () paper, printing inlarge neat () capitals ()

DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER ( 

)

DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER

DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER

DOWNWITH BIG BROTHER

DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER

over and over again, filling () half apage.

He could not help feeling atwinge () ofpanic. It was absurd, since the writing ofthose particular () words was not more dangerous than the initial () act ofopening the diary, but for amoment he was tempted () totear out () the spoiled () pages and abandon () the enterprise () altogether ().

He did not do so, however, because he knew that it was useless. Whether he wrote DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER, or whether he refrained from writing it, made no difference. Whether he went on with the diary, or whether he did not go on with it, made no difference. The Thought Police would get () him just the same ( ). He had committed () would still ( ) have committed, even if he had never set pen topaper the essential () crime that contained all others initself. Thoughtcrime, they called it. Thoughtcrime was not athing that could be concealed () for ever. You might dodge () successfully for awhile, even for years, but sooner or later they were bound toget ()you.

It was always at night the arrests invariably () happened at night. The sudden jerk out () ofsleep, the rough () hand shaking your shoulder (), the lights glaring () inyour eyes, the ring ofhard faces round the bed. Inthe vast majority ofcases there was no trial, no report () ofthe arrest. People simply disappeared, always during the night. Your name was removed () from the registers (), every record ofeverything you had ever done was wiped out (), your one-time existence was denied () and then forgotten. You were abolished, annihilated: VAPORIZED () was the usual word.

For amoment he was seized () byakind ofhysteria. He began writing inahurried () untidy () scrawl ():

theyll shoot () me idont care theyll shoot me inthe back oftheneck () idont care down with () big brother they always shoot youinthe back ofthe neck idont care down with big brother.

He sat back inhis chair, slightly () ashamed () ofhimself, and laid () down the pen. The next moment he started violently (). There was aknocking () at the door.

Already! He sat as still () as amouse, inthe futile () hope that whoever it was might go away after asingle attempt. But no, the knocking was repeated. The worst thing ofall would be todelay (). His heart was thumping () like adrum (), but his face, from long habit, was probably expressionless (). He got up () and moved heavily towards the door.

		WAR IS PEACE
		FREEDOM IS SLAVERY
		IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH

		April 4th,1984

		WAR IS PEACE
		FREEDOM IS SLAVERY
		IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH
















Chapter2


As he put his hand tothe door-knob ( ) Winston saw that he had left the diary open on the table. DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER was written all over () it, inletters almost big enough tobe legible () across the room. It was an inconceivably () stupid thing tohave done. But, he realized, even inhis panic he had not wanted tosmudge () the creamy () paper byshutting () the book while the ink () was wet ().

He drew inhis breath ( ) and opened the door. Instantly () awarm wave ofrelief () flowed () through him. Acolourless, crushed-looking () woman, with wispy () hair and alined () face, was standing outside.

Oh, comrade, she began inadreary (), whining () sort ofvoice, Ithought Iheard you come in. Do you think you could come across and have alook at our kitchen sink ()? Its got blocked up () and

It was Mrs Parsons, the wife ofaneighbour on the same floor. (Mrs was aword somewhat () discountenanced () bythe Party you were supposed ( ) tocall everyone comrade but with some women one used it instinctively () She was awoman ofabout thirty, but looking much older. One had the impression that there was dust () inthe creases () ofher face. Winston followed her down the passage (). These amateur () repair () jobs were an almost daily irritation (). Victory Mansions ( ) were old flats, built in1930or thereabouts ( ), and were falling () topieces (). The plaster () flaked () constantly from ceilings () and walls, the pipes () burst () inevery hard frost (), the roof () leaked () whenever ( ) there was snow, the heating () system was usually running at half steam () when it was not closed down altogether () from motives ofeconomy. Repairs (), except what you could do for yourself, had tobe sanctioned (  ) byremote () committees which were liable tohold up ( ) even the mending () ofawindow-pane ( ) for two years. [9 - from motives ofeconomy (.)  ]

Ofcourse its only because Tom isnt home, said Mrs Parsons vaguely ().

The Parsons flat was bigger than Winstons, and dingy () inadifferent way (-). Everything had abattered (), trampled-on () look, as though ( ) the place had just ( ) been visited bysome large violent () animal. Games impedimenta () hockey-sticks ( ), boxing-gloves ( ), aburst () football, apair () ofsweaty () shorts () turned inside out lay all over the floor (), and on the table there was alitter ofdirty () dishes () and dog-eared exercise-books. On the walls were scarlet banners ofthe Youth League and the Spies (), and afull-sized poster ofBig Brother. There was the usual boiled-cabbage ( ) smell (), common tothe whole building, but it was shot () through byasharper ( ) reek () ofsweat (), which one knew this at the first sniff (), though it was hard tosay how was the sweat ofsome person not present at the moment. Inanother room someone (-) with acomb () and apiece oftoilet paper was trying tokeep tune () with the military music which was still issuing from the telescreen. [10 - dog-eared exercise-books (.)    ]

Its the children, said Mrs Parsons, casting () ahalf-apprehensive ( ) glance () at the door. They havent been out today. And ofcourse

She had ahabit () ofbreaking off her sentences () inthe middle. The kitchen sink ( ) was full nearly tothe brim ( ) with filthy () greenish () water which smelt () worse () than ever ofcabbage. Winston knelt down ( ) and examined () the angle-joint ( ) ofthe pipe (). He hated using his hands, and he hated bending down (), which was always liable (, ) tostart him coughing (). Mrs Parsons looked on helplessly.

Ofcourse if Tom was home hed put it right () inamoment, she said. He loves anything like that. Hes ever so good with his hands, Tomis.

Parsons was Winstons fellow-employee () at the Ministry ofTruth. He was afattish () but active man ofparalyzing stupidity (), amass ofimbecile () enthusiasms one ofthose completely unquestioning (), devoted drudges ( ) on whom, more even than on the Thought Police, the stability ofthe Party depended. At thirty-five he had just ( ) been unwillingly () evicted () from the Youth League, and before graduating () into the Youth League he had managed tostay on inthe Spies for ayear beyond the statutory age (  ). At the Ministry he was employed insome subordinate post for which intelligence was not required (), but on the other hand he was aleading figure on the Sports Committee and all the other committees engaged () inorganizing community hikes (), spontaneous () demonstrations, savings campaigns, and voluntary activities generally. He would inform you with quiet pride (), between whiffs () ofhis pipe (), that he had put inan appearance () at the Community Centre every evening for the past four years. An overpowering () smell () ofsweat (), asort ofunconscious () testimony () tothe strenuousness () ofhis life, followed him about wherever he went, and even remained behind him after he had gone. [11 - insome subordinate post for which intelligence was (.) -  ,      ()]

Have you got aspanner ( )? said Winston, fiddling () with the nut () on the angle-joint ( ).

Aspanner, said Mrs Parsons, immediately becoming invertebrate (). Idont know, Im sure. Perhaps the children

There was atrampling ( ) ofboots () and another blast () on the comb () as the children charged into () the living-room. Mrs Parsons brought the spanner. Winston let out () the water and disgustedly () removed the clot () ofhuman hair that had blocked up the pipe. He cleaned his fingers as best he could inthe cold water from the tap () and went back into the other room.

Up with your hands! ( !) yelled () asavage () voice.

Ahandsome (), tough-looking () boy ofnine had popped up () from behind the table and was menacing () him with atoy () automatic pistol, while his small sister, about two years younger, made the same gesture () with afragment ofwood (). Both ofthem were dressed inthe blue shorts, grey shirts (), and red neckerchiefs ( ) which were the uniform ofthe Spies. Winston raised his hands above his head, but with an uneasy feeling, so vicious () was the boys demeanour (), that it was not altogether () agame.

Youre atraitor ()! yelled () the boy. Youre athought-criminal! Youre aEurasian spy ()! Ill shoot () you, Ill vaporize () you, Ill send you tothe salt mines ()!

Suddenly they were both leaping () round him, shouting Traitor! and Thought-criminal! the little girl imitating her brother inevery movement. It was somehow (-) slightly () frightening (), like the gambolling () oftiger cubs () which will soon grow up into man-eaters (). There was asort ofcalculating ferocity () inthe boys eye, aquite evident desire () tohit () or kick () Winston and aconsciousness () ofbeing very nearly big enough todo so. It was agood job () it was not areal pistol () he was holding, Winston thought.

Mrs Parsons eyes flitted () nervously from Winston tothe children, and back again. Inthe better light ofthe livingroom () he noticed with interest that there actually was dust () inthe creases () ofher face.

They do get () so noisy, she said. Theyre disappointed () because they couldnt go tosee the hanging (), thats what it is. Im too busy totake them and Tom wont be back from work intime.

Why cant we go and see the hanging? roared () the boy inhis huge () voice.

Want tosee the hanging! Want tosee the hanging! chanted () the little girl, still capering () round.

Some Eurasian prisoners, guilty () ofwar crimes, were tobe hanged () inthe Park that evening, Winston remembered. This happened about () once () amonth, and was apopular spectacle. Children always clamoured () tobe taken tosee it. He took his leave () ofMrs Parsons and made for the door. But he had not gone six steps down the passage () when something hit () the back ofhis neck () an agonizingly painful () blow (). It was as though ared-hot wire () had been jabbed () into him. He spun round () just intime tosee Mrs Parsons dragging () her son back into the doorway ( ) while the boy pocketed () acatapult.

Goldstein! bellowed () the boy as the door closed on him. But what most struck () Winston was the look ofhelpless fright () on the womans greyish () face.

Back inthe flat he stepped quickly past the telescreen and sat down at the table again, still rubbing () his neck. The music from the telescreen had stopped. Instead ( ), aclipped () military voice was reading out, with asort ofbrutal relish (), adescription ofthe armaments ofthe new Floating Fortress which had just been anchored ( ) between Iceland and the Faroe lslands.

With those children, he thought, that wretched () woman must lead alife ofterror. Another year, two years, and they would be watching her night and day for symptoms ofunorthodoxy. Nearly all children nowadays were horrible. What was worst ofall was that bymeans () ofsuch organizations as the Spies they were systematically turned into ungovernable little savages (), and yet this produced inthem no tendency whatever torebel () against the discipline ofthe Party. On the contrary, they adored the Party and everything connected with it. The songs, the processions, the banners, the hiking (), the drilling () with dummy () rifles, the yelling () ofslogans, the worship () ofBig Brother it was all asort ofglorious game tothem. All their ferocity () was turned outwards, against the enemies ofthe State, against foreigners, traitors, saboteurs, thought-criminals. It was almost normal for people over thirty tobe frightened () oftheir own children. And with good reason (   ), for hardly aweek ( ) passed inwhich The Times did not carry aparagraph describing how some eavesdropping () little sneak () child hero was the phrase generally used had overheard () some compromising remark and denounced () its parents tothe Thought Police.

The sting () ofthe catapult bullet () had worn off (). He picked up () his pen half-heartedly (), wondering () whether () he could find something more towrite inthe diary. Suddenly he began thinking ofOBrien again.

Years ago how long was it? Seven years it must be he had dreamed that he was walking through apitch-dark (-) room. And someone sitting toone side ofhim had said as he passed: We shall meet inthe place where there is no darkness. It was said very quietly, almost casually () astatement (), not acommand. He had walked on without pausing. What was curious () was that at the time, inthe dream, the words had not made much impression on him. It was only later and bydegrees () that they had seemed totake on significance (). He could not now remember whether it was before or after having the dream that he had seen OBrien for the first time, nor could he remember when he had first identified the voice as OBriens. But at any rate ( ) the identification existed. It was OBrien who had spoken tohim out ofthe dark.

Winston had never been able tofeel sure even after this mornings flash () ofthe eyes it was still impossible tobe sure whether OBrien was afriend or an enemy. Nor did it even seem tomatter greatly. There was alink () ofunderstanding between them, more important than affection () or partisanship. We shall meet inthe place where there is no darkness, he had said. Winston did not know what it meant, only that insome way or another it would come true ( ).

The voice from the telescreen paused. Atrumpet () call, clear and beautiful, floated () into the stagnant () air. The voice continued raspingly ():

() () () () Attention! Your attention, please! Anewsflash has this moment arrived from the Malabar front. Our forces inSouth India have won aglorious victory. Iam authorized tosay that the action we are now reporting may well bring the war within measurable  distance ofits end. Here is the newsflash

Bad news coming, thought Winston. And sure enough, following on agory description () ofthe annihilation ofaEurasian army, with stupendous () figures ofkilled and prisoners, came the announcement that, as from next week, the chocolate ration would be reduced () from thirty grammes totwenty. [12 - the chocolate ration (.)   () ]

Winston belched () again. The gin was wearing off (), leaving adeflated () feeling. The telescreen perhaps tocelebrate the victory, perhaps todrown () the memory ofthe lost chocolate crashed () into Oceania, tis for thee (  ). You were supposed tostand toattention. However, inhis present position he was invisible (). [13 - tostand toattention (.)   ]

Oceania, tis for thee gave way tolighter music. Winston walked over tothe window, keeping his back tothe telescreen. The day was still cold and clear. Somewhere far away (- ) arocket () bomb exploded () with adull (), reverberating () roar (). About twenty or thirty ofthem aweek were falling on London at present.

Down () inthe street the wind flapped () the torn () poster toand fro (-), and the word INGSOC fitfully () appeared and vanished (). Ingsoc. The sacred principles ofIngsoc. Newspeak, doublethink, the mutability () ofthe past. He felt () as though he were wandering () inthe forests ofthe sea bottom, lost () inamonstrous world where he himself was the monster. He was alone. The past was dead, the future was unimaginable (). What certainty () had he that asingle human creature () now living was on his side? And what way ofknowing that the dominion () ofthe Party would not endure () FOR EVER? Like an answer, the three slogans on the white face ofthe Ministry ofTruth came back tohim:

He took atwenty-five cent piece () out ofhis pocket. There, too, intiny clear lettering, the same slogans were inscribed, and on the other face ofthe coin the head ofBig Brother. Even from the coin the eyes pursued () you. On coins, on stamps (), on the covers () ofbooks, on banners, on posters, and on the wrappings () ofacigarette packet () everywhere. Always the eyes watching you and the voice enveloping () you. Asleep () or awake (), working or eating, indoors or out ofdoors, inthe bath or inbed no escape ( ). Nothing was your own except the few cubic centimetres inside your skull ().

The sun had shifted () round, and the myriad () windows ofthe Ministry ofTruth, with the light no longer shining () on them, looked grim () as the loopholes () ofafortress (). His heart quailed () before the enormous () pyramidal shape (). It was too strong, it could not be stormed (). Athousand rocket bombs would not batter () it down. He wondered ( ) again for whom he was writing the diary. For the future, for the past for an age that might be imaginary (). And infront ofhim there lay not death but annihilation. The diary would be reduced () toashes () and himself tovapour (). Only the Thought Police would read what he had written, before they wiped it out ofexistence and out ofmemory. How could you make appeal tothe future when not atrace ofyou, not even an anonymous word scribbled on apiece ofpaper, could physically survive?

The telescreen struck () fourteen. He must leave inten minutes. He had tobe back at work byfourteen-thirty.

Curiously (), the chiming () ofthe hour seemed tohave put new heart into him. He was alonely () ghost () uttering () atruth that nobody would ever hear. But so long as he uttered () it, insome obscure () way the continuity () was not broken (). It was not bymaking yourself heard but bystaying sane that you carried on the human heritage (). He went back tothe table, dipped () his pen, and wrote: [14 - seemed tohave put new heart into him (.) , ]

Tothe future or tothe past, toatime when thought is free, when men are different from one another and do not live alone toatime when truth exists and what is done cannot be undone:

 From the age ofuniformity (), from the age ofsolitude (), from the age ofBig Brother, from the age ofdoublethink greetings ()!

He was already dead, he reflected ( It seemed tohim that it was only now, when he had begun tobe able toformulate his thoughts, that he had taken the decisive () step. The consequences () ofevery act are included inthe act itself. He wrote: ).

Thoughtcrime does not entail () death: thoughtcrime IS death.

Now he had recognized himself as adead man it became important tostay alive () as long as possible. Two fingers ofhis right hand were inkstained ( ). It was exactly () the kind ofdetail that might betray () you. Some nosing () zealot () inthe Ministry (awoman, probably: someone like the little sandy-haired woman or the dark-haired girl from the Fiction Department) might start wondering () why he had been writing during the lunch interval, why he had used an old-fashioned () pen, WHAT he had been writing and then drop () ahint () inthe appropriate quarter. He went tothe bathroom and carefully scrubbed () the ink away with the gritty () darkbrown (-) soap which rasped () your skin like sandpaper ( ) and was therefore () well adapted () for this purpose. [15 - inthe appropriate quarter  ]

He put the diary away inthe drawer ( ). It was quite useless tothink ofhiding () it, but he could at least make sure whether or not its existence had been discovered. Ahair laid () across the page-ends was too obvious. With the tip () ofhis finger he picked up () an identifiable grain () ofwhitish () dust () and deposited () it on the corner ofthe cover (), where it was bound tobe shaken off if the book was moved. [16 - where it was bound tobe shaken off (.)    ]

		WAR IS PEACE
		FREEDOM IS SLAVERY
		IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH












Chapter3


Winston was dreaming ofhis mother. He must, he thought, have been ten or eleven years old when his mother had disappeared. She was atall (), statuesque, rather silent woman with slow movements and magnificent () fair () hair. His father he remembered more vaguely () as dark and thin (), dressed always inneat () dark clothes (Winston remembered especially the very thin soles () ofhis fathers shoes) and wearing () spectacles. The two ofthem must evidently have been swallowed up () inone ofthe first great purges () ofthe fifties.

At this moment his mother was sitting insome place deep down beneath him, with his young sister inher arms. He did not remember his sister at all, except as atiny (), feeble () baby, always silent, with large, watchful () eyes. Both ofthem were looking up at him. They were down insome subterranean () place the bottom () ofawell (), for instance, or avery deep grave () but it was aplace which, already far below him, was itself moving downwards (). They were inthe saloon () ofasinking () ship, looking up at him through the darkening water. There was still air inthe saloon, they could still see him and he them, but all the while they were sinking down (), down into the green waters which inanother moment must hide () them from sight for ever. He was out inthe light and air while they were being sucked down () todeath, and they were down there because he was up here. He knew it and they knew it, and he could see the knowledge intheir faces. There was no reproach () either intheir faces or intheir hearts, only the knowledge that they must die inorder that he might remain alive, and that this was part ofthe unavoidable () order ofthings.

He could not remember what had happened, but he knew inhis dream that insome way (- ) the lives ofhis mother and his sister had been sacrificed tohis own. It was one ofthose dreams which, while retaining () the characteristic dream scenery (), are acontinuation () ofones intellectual life, and inwhich one becomes aware of( ) facts and ideas which still seem new and valuable after one is awake (). The thing that now suddenly struck () Winston was that his mothers death, nearly thirty years ago, had been tragic and sorrowful () inaway ( ) that was no longer possible. Tragedy, he perceived (), belonged tothe ancient time, toatime when there was still privacy, love, and friendship, and when the members ofafamily stood () byone another without needing toknow the reason. His mothers memory tore () at his heart because she had died loving him, when he was too young and selfish () tolove her inreturn (), and because somehow (- ), he did not remember how, she had sacrificed herself toaconception ofloyalty that was private and unalterable (). Such things, he saw, could not happen today. Today there were fear, hatred, and pain (), but no dignity () ofemotion, no deep or complex sorrows (). All this he seemed tosee inthe large eyes ofhis mother and his sister, looking up at him through the green water, hundreds offathoms () down and still sinking (  ). [17 - without needing toknow the reason (.)  ,   ]

Suddenly he was standing on short springy () turf (), on asummer evening when the slanting () rays () ofthe sun gilded () the ground. The landscape that he was looking at recurred () so often inhis dreams that he was never fully certain whether or not he had seen it inthe real world. Inhis waking () thoughts he called it the Golden Country. It was an old, rabbit-bitten ( ) pasture (), with afoot-track () wandering () across it and amolehill ( ) here and there. Inthe ragged () hedge ( ) on the opposite side ofthe field the boughs () ofthe elm () trees were swaying () very faintly () inthe breeze (), their leaves just () stirring () indense () masses like womens hair. Somewhere near at hand (-  ), though out ofsight (  ), there was aclear, slow-moving stream () where dace () were swimming inthe pools () under the willow () trees.

The girl with dark hair was coming towards them across the field. With what seemed asingle movement she tore off () her clothes and flung () them disdainfully () aside. Her body was white and smooth (), but it aroused () no desire inhim, indeed he barely () looked at it. What overwhelmed () him inthat instant () was admiration () for the gesture () with which she had thrown her clothes aside. With its grace () and carelessness it seemed toannihilate awhole culture, awhole system ofthought, as though Big Brother and the Party and the Thought Police could all be swept () into nothingness byasingle splendid () movement ofthe arm. That too was agesture () belonging tothe ancient time. Winston woke up () with the word Shakespeare on his lips.

The telescreen was giving forth an ear-splitting () whistle () which continued on the same note for thirty seconds. It was nought () seven fifteen, getting-up time for office workers. Winston wrenched ( ) his body out ofbed naked (), for amember ofthe Outer () Party received only 3,000clothing coupons () annually, and asuit ofpyjamas was 600 and seized () adingy () singlet () and apair ofshorts that were lying across achair. The Physical Jerks () would begin inthree minutes. The next moment he was doubled up ( ) byaviolent coughing () fit () which nearly always attacked him soon after waking up (). It emptied his lungs () so completely that he could only begin breathing () again bylying on his back and taking aseries ofdeep gasps (). His veins had swelled () with the effort ofthe cough (), and the varicose ulcer ( ) had started itching ().

Thirty toforty group! yapped () apiercing () female voice. Thirty toforty group! Take your places, please. Thirties toforties!

Winston sprang () toattention infront ofthe telescreen, upon which the image ofayoungish woman, scrawny () but muscular, dressed intunic and gym-shoes, had already appeared.

Arms bending () and stretching ()! she rapped () out. Take your time byme. ONE, two, three, four! ONE, two, three, four! Come on, comrades, put abit () oflife into it! ONE, two, three four! ONE two, three, four!

The pain () ofthe coughing () fit () had not quite driven out () ofWinstons mind the impression made byhis dream, and the rhythmic movements ofthe exercise restored it somewhat (- ). As he mechanically shot his arms back and forth, wearing () on his face the look ofgrim () enjoyment () which was considered proper () during the Physical Jerks, he was struggling tothink his way backward into the dim () period ofhis early childhood. It was extraordinarily difficult. Beyond the late fifties everything faded (). When there were no external () records that you could refer () to, even the outline () ofyour own life lost its sharpness (). You remembered huge () events which had quite probably not happened, you remembered the detail ofincidents without being able torecapture () their atmosphere, and there were long blank () periods towhich you could assign () nothing. Everything had been different () then. Even the names ofcountries, and their shapes () on the map, had been different. Airstrip (- ) One, for instance, had not been so called inthose days: it had been called England or Britain, though London, he felt () fairly () certain, had always been called London.

Winston could not definitely () remember atime when his country had not been at war, but it was evident that there had been afairly () long interval ofpeace during his childhood, because one ofhis early memories was ofan air raid () which appeared totake everyone bysurprise. Perhaps it was the time when the atomic bomb had fallen on Colchester. He did not remember the raid () itself, but he did remember his fathers hand clutching () his own as they hurried down (), down, down into some place deep inthe earth, round and round aspiral staircase () which rang () under his feet and which finally so wearied () his legs that he began whimpering () and they had tostop and rest. His mother, inher slow, dreamy way (), was following along way behind them. She was carrying () his baby sister or perhaps it was only abundle () ofblankets () that she was carrying: he was not certain () whether his sister had been born then. Finally they had emerged () into anoisy, crowded place which he had realized tobe aTube ( ) station.

There were people sitting all over the stone-flagged () floor (), and other people, packed () tightly () together, were sitting on metal bunks (), one above the other. Winston and his mother and father found themselves aplace on the floor, and near them an old man and an old woman were sitting side byside on abunk (). The old man had on adecent () dark suit and ablack cloth cap pushed back from ( ) very white hair: his face was scarlet and his eyes were blue and full oftears (). He reeked () ofgin. It seemed tobreathe () out ofhis skin inplace ofsweat (), and one could have fancied (  ) that the tears () welling () from his eyes were pure () gin. But though slightly () drunk () he was also suffering () under some grief () that was genuine () and unbearable (). Inhis childish way Winston grasped () that some terrible thing, something that was beyond () forgiveness () and could never be remedied (), had just happened. It also seemed tohim that he knew what it was. Someone whom (-, ) the old man loved alittle granddaughter, perhaps had been killed. Every few minutes the old man kept repeating:

We didnt ought ( ) toave trusted em ( ). Isaid so, Ma, didnt I? Thats what comes oftrusting em. Isaid so all along (    ). We didnt ought toave trusted the buggers ().

But which buggers () they didnt ought tohave trusted Winston could not now remember.

Since about that time, war had been literally continuous (), though strictly () speaking it had not always been the same war. For several months during his childhood there had been confused () street fighting inLondon itself, some ofwhich he remembered vividly (). But totrace out the history ofthe whole period, tosay who was fighting whom at any given moment, would have been utterly () impossible, since () no written record, and no spoken word, ever made mention () ofany other alignment () than the existing one. At this moment, for example, in1984(if it was 1984), Oceania was at war with Eurasia and inalliance with Eastasia. Inno public or private utterance () was it ever admitted () that the three powers had at any time been grouped () along different lines. Actually ( ), as Winston well knew, it was only four years since Oceania had been at war with Eastasia and inalliance with Eurasia. But that was merely () apiece () offurtive () knowledge which he happened topossess () because his memory was not satisfactorily under control. Officially the change ofpartners had never happened. Oceania was at war with Eurasia: therefore () Oceania had always been at war with Eurasia. The enemy ofthe moment always represented absolute evil, and it followed that any past or future agreement with him was impossible.

The frightening () thing, he reflected () for the ten thousandth time as he forced () his shoulders painfully () backward (with hands on hips (), they were gyrating () their bodies from the waist (), an exercise that was supposed tobe good for the back muscles) the frightening thing was that it might all be true. If the Party could thrust () its hand into the past and say ofthis or that event, IT NEVER HAPPENED that, surely, was more terrifying () than mere torture () and death? [18 - an exercise that was supposed tobe good for the back muscles (.) ,      ]

The Party said that Oceania had never been inalliance with Eurasia. He, Winston Smith, knew that Oceania had been inalliance with Eurasia as short atime as four years ago. But where did that knowledge exist? Only inhis own consciousness (), which inany case must soon be annihilated. And if all others accepted () the lie which the Party imposed () if all records told the same tale () then the lie passed into history and became truth. Who controls the past, ran () the Party slogan, controls the future: who controls the present controls the past. And yet () the past, though ofits nature alterable (), never had been altered (). Whatever ( ) was true now was true from everlasting toeverlasting ( ). It was quite simple. All that was needed was an unending () series ofvictories over your own memory. Reality control, they called it: inNewspeak, doublethink.

Stand easy! barked () the instructress (), alittle more genially (). [19 - Stand easy! (.) !]

Winston sank () his arms tohis sides and slowly refilled () his lungs () with air. His mind slid away () into the labyrinthine () world ofdoublethink. Toknow and not toknow, tobe conscious () ofcomplete truthfulness while telling carefully constructed lies, tohold simultaneously () two opinions which cancelled out ( ), knowing them tobe contradictory () and believing inboth ofthem, touse logic against logic, torepudiate () morality while laying claim () toit, tobelieve that democracy was impossible and that the Party was the guardian () ofdemocracy, toforget whatever () it was necessary toforget, then todraw it back ( ) into memory again at the moment when it was needed, and then promptly () toforget it again: and above all ( ), toapply () the same process tothe process itself. That was the ultimate () subtlety (): consciously toinduce () unconsciousness, and then, once again, tobecome unconscious ofthe act ofhypnosis you had just performed (). Even tounderstand the word doublethink involved () the use ofdoublethink.

The instructress had called them toattention again. And now lets see which ofus can touch our toes ( )! she said enthusiastically. Right over from the hips (), please, comrades. ONE-two! ONE-two!

Winston loathed () this exercise, which sent () shooting () pains () all the way from his heels () tohis buttocks () and often ended bybringing on another coughing () fit (). The half-pleasant ( ) quality () went out ofhis meditations (). The past, he reflected, had not merely been altered, it had been actually destroyed. For how could you establish even the most obvious () fact when there existed no record outside your own memory? He tried toremember inwhat year he had first heard mention ofBig Brother. He thought it must have been at some time inthe sixties, but it was impossible tobe certain (). Inthe Party histories, ofcourse, Big Brother figured as the leader and guardian ofthe Revolution since its very earliest days. His exploits () had been gradually () pushed () backwards () intime until already they extended () into the fabulous () world ofthe forties and the thirties, when the capitalists intheir strange cylindrical hats still rode () through the streets ofLondon ingreat gleaming motor-cars or horse carriages () with glass sides. There was no knowing how much ofthis legend was true and how much invented (). Winston could not even remember at what date the Party itself had come into existence. He did not believe he had ever heard the word Ingsoc before 1960, but it was possible that inits Oldspeak form English Socialism, that is tosay it had been current () earlier. Everything melted () into mist (). Sometimes, indeed (), you could put your finger on adefinite () lie. It was not true, for example, as was claimed inthe Party history books, that the Party had invented () aeroplanes. He remembered aeroplanes since his earliest childhood. But you could prove () nothing. There was never any evidence (). Just once (  ) inhis whole life he had held inhis hands unmistakable documentary proof () ofthe falsification ofan historical fact. And on that occasion

Smith! screamed () the shrewish () voice from the telescreen. 6079Smith W.! Yes, YOU! Bend lower ( ), please! You can do better than that. Youre not trying. Lower, please! THATS better, comrade. Now stand at ease, the whole squad (), and watchme.

Asudden () hot sweat () had broken out all over Winstons body. His face remained () completely inscrutable (). Never show dismay ()! Never show resentment ()! Asingle flicker () ofthe eyes could give you away ( ). He stood watching while the instructress raised her arms above her head and one could not say gracefully (), but with remarkable () neatness () and efficiency bent over () and tucked () the first joint () ofher fingers under her toes.

THERE, comrades! THATS how Iwant tosee you doing it. Watch me again. Im thirty-nine and Ive had four children. Now look. She bent over again. You see MY knees () arent bent (). You can all do it if you want to, she added as she straightened () herself up. Anyone () under forty-five is perfectly () capable () oftouching his toes ( ). We dont all have the privilege offighting inthe front line, but at least ( ) we can all keep fit ( ). Remember our boys on the Malabar front! And the sailors inthe Floating Fortresses ()! Just () think what THEY have toput up with ( ). Now try again. Thats better, comrade, thats MUCH better, she added encouragingly () as Winston, with aviolent lunge (), succeeded intouching his toes ( ) with knees () unbent (), for the first time inseveral years.






Chapter4


With the deep, unconscious sigh which not even the nearness () ofthe telescreen could prevent () him from uttering () when his days work started, Winston pulled () the speakwrite () towards him, blew () the dust () from its mouthpiece (), and put on his spectacles. Then he unrolled () and clipped () together four small cylinders ofpaper which had already flopped out () ofthe pneumatic tube () on the right-hand side ofhis desk.

Inthe walls ofthe cubicle there were three orifices (). Tothe right ofthe speakwrite, asmall pneumatic tube for written messages, tothe left, alarger one for newspapers; and inthe side wall, within easy reach () ofWinstons arm, alarge oblong () slit () protected byawire () grating (). This last was for the disposal () ofwaste () paper. Similar slits () existed inthousands or tens ofthousands throughout the building, not only inevery room but at short intervals inevery corridor. For some reason they were nicknamed () memory holes (). When one knew that any document was due for destruction (), or even when one saw ascrap () ofwaste () paper lying () about, it was an automatic action tolift () the flap () ofthe nearest memory hole ( ) and drop () it in, whereupon ( ) it would be whirled away () on acurrent () ofwarm air tothe enormous () furnaces () which were hidden () somewhere inthe recesses () ofthe building.

Winston examined the four slips () ofpaper which he had unrolled (). Each contained () amessage ofonly one or two lines, inthe abbreviated () jargon () not actually Newspeak, but consisting largely ofNewspeak words which was used inthe Ministry for internal purposes. Theyran:

  ()   () ( ) times 17.3.84bb speech malreported () africa rectifytimes 19.12.83forecasts () 3yp 4th quarter 83misprints () verifycurrent () issuetimes 14.2.84miniplenty () malquoted ( ) chocolate rectifytimes 3.12.83reporting () bb dayorder ( ) doubleplusungood ( ) refsunpersons rewrite fullwise ( ) upsub antefiling ()

With afaint () feeling ofsatisfaction Winston laid () the fourth message aside. It was an intricate () and responsible () job and had better be dealt with last (  ). The other three were routine () matters (), though the second one would probably mean some tedious () wading () through lists offigures.

Winston dialled () back numbers ( )  on the telescreen and called for the appropriate () issues ofThe Times, which slid out () ofthe pneumatic tube after only afew minutes delay (). The messages he had received () referred () toarticles or news items () which for one reason or another it was thought necessary toalter, or, as the official phrase had it, torectify (). For example, it appeared from The Times ofthe seventeenth ofMarch that Big Brother, inhis speech ofthe previous () day, had predicted () that the South Indian front would remain () quiet () but that aEurasian offensive () would shortly () be launched () inNorth Africa. As it happened, the Eurasian Higher Command had launched its offensive inSouth India and left North Africa alone (). It was therefore () necessary torewrite aparagraph ofBig Brothers speech, insuch away ( ) as tomake () him predict () the thing that had actually happened. Or again, The Times ofthe nineteenth ofDecember had published the official forecasts () ofthe output () ofvarious classes ofconsumption goods ( ) inthe fourth quarter () of1983, which was also the sixth quarter ofthe Ninth Three-Year Plan. Todays issue contained astatement () ofthe actual output (), from which it appeared that the forecasts () were inevery instance () grossly () wrong (). Winstons job was torectify () the original figures bymaking them agree with the later ones. As for ( ) the third message, it referred () toavery simple error which could be set right () inacouple () ofminutes. As short atime ago () as February, the Ministry ofPlenty () had issued apromise () acategorical pledge ()  were the official words) that there would be no reduction () ofthe chocolate ration during 1984. Actually, as Winston was aware (), the chocolate ration was tobe reduced from thirty grammes totwenty at the end ofthe present week. All that was needed was tosubstitute () for the original promise awarning () that it would probably be necessary toreduce the ration at some time inApril.

As soon as ( ) Winston had dealt () with each ofthe messages, he clipped () his speakwritten () corrections tothe appropriate () copy ofThe Times and pushed () them into the pneumatic tube. Then, with amovement which was as nearly as possible unconscious, he crumpled up () the original message and any notes that he himself had made, and dropped () them into the memory hole ( ) tobe devoured () bythe flames ().

What happened inthe unseen () labyrinth () towhich the pneumatic tubes led (), he did not know indetail, but he did know ingeneral terms (). As soon as ( ) all the corrections which happened tobe necessary inany particular number ofThe Times had been assembled () and collated (), that number would be reprinted, the original copy destroyed, and the corrected copy placed on the files inits stead ( ). This process ofcontinuous () alteration was applied () not only tonewspapers, but tobooks, periodicals, pamphlets, posters, leaflets (), films, sound-tracks, cartoons, photographs toevery kind ofliterature or documentation which might conceivably () hold any political or ideological significance (). Day byday and almost minute byminute the past was brought up todate. Inthis way every prediction () made bythe Party could be shown bydocumentary evidence () tohave been correct, nor was any item () ofnews, or any expression ofopinion, which conflicted with the needs ofthe moment, ever allowed (- ) toremain () on record. All history was apalimpsest, scraped () clean and reinscribed () exactly () as often as was necessary. Inno case would it have been possible, once the deed was done, toprove that any falsification had taken place. The largest section ofthe Records Department ( ), far larger than the one on which Winston worked, consisted simply ofpersons whose duty it was totrack down () and collect all copies ofbooks, newspapers, and other documents which had been superseded () and were due for destruction. Anumber ofThe Times which might (), because ofchanges inpolitical alignment (), or mistaken prophecies () uttered () byBig Brother, have been rewritten adozen times still stood (  ) on the files bearing () its original date, and no other copy existed tocontradict () it. Books, also, were recalled and rewritten again and again, and were invariably () reissued without any admission that any alteration had been made. Even the written instructions which Winston received (), and which he invariably () got rid () ofas soon as ( ) he had dealt () with them, never stated () or implied () that an act offorgery () was tobe committed (): always the reference () was toslips (), errors, misprints (), or misquotations ( ) which it was necessary toput right inthe interests ofaccuracy (). [20 - the past was brought up todate (.)   ,   ][21 - alimpsest (.) ; ,       ][22 - without any admission that any alteration had been made (.)   ,  -   ]

But actually ( ), he thought as he re-adjusted () the Ministry ofPlentys figures, it was not even forgery (). It was merely () the substitution () ofone piece () ofnonsense for another. Most ofthe material that you were dealing () with had no connexion () with anything inthe real world, not even the kind ofconnexion that is contained () inadirect lie. Statistics were just as much () afantasy intheir original version as intheir rectified () version. Agreat deal () ofthe time you were expected tomake them up out ofyour head. For example, the Ministry ofPlentys forecast () had estimated () the output () ofboots () for the quarter at 145million pairs. The actual output () was given as sixty-two millions. Winston, however, inrewriting the forecast, marked () the figure down tofifty-seven millions, so as () toallow () for the usual claim () that the quota had been overfulfilled (). Inany case, sixty-two millions was no nearer the truth than fifty-seven millions, or than 145millions. Very likely ( ) no boots had been produced at all. Likelier still (  ), nobody knew how many had been produced, much less cared (  ). All one knew was that (,   ) every quarter astronomical numbers ofboots were produced on paper, while ( ) perhaps half the population ofOceania went barefoot (). And so it was with every class ofrecorded () fact, great or small. Everything faded away () into ashadow-world ( ) inwhich, finally, even the date ofthe year had become uncertain ().

Winston glanced () across the hall. Inthe corresponding () cubicle () on the other side asmall, precise-looking ( ), darkchinned () man named Tillotson was working steadily () away, with afolded () newspaper on his knee () and his mouth very close tothe mouthpiece () ofthe speakwrite. He had the air oftrying tokeep what he was saying asecret between himself and the telescreen. He looked up ( ), and his spectacles darted () ahostile () flash () inWinstons direction.

Winston hardly knew Tillotson, and had no idea what work he was employed on. People inthe Records Department did not readily () talk about their jobs. Inthe long, windowless hall, with its double row ofcubicles and its endless rustle () ofpapers and hum () ofvoices murmuring () into speakwrites, there were quite adozen people whom Winston did not even know byname, though he daily saw them hurrying () toand fro (-) inthe corridors or gesticulating () inthe Two Minutes Hate. He knew that inthe cubicle next tohim the little woman with sandy () hair toiled () day inday out, simply at tracking down () and deleting () from the Press the names ofpeople who had been vaporized () and were therefore considered () never tohave existed. There was acertain fitness () inthis, since her own husband had been vaporized () acouple ofyears earlier. And afew cubicles away amild (), ineffectual, dreamy creature () named Ampleforth, with very hairy () ears and asurprising talent for juggling () with rhymes () and metres, was engaged () inproducing garbled () versions definitive () texts, they were called ofpoems which had become ideologically offensive (), but which for one reason or another were tobe retained () inthe anthologies. And this hall, with its fifty workers or thereabouts ( ), was only one sub-section, asingle cell (), as it were ( ), inthe huge () complexity () ofthe Records Department. Beyond (), above (), below (), were other swarms () ofworkers engaged inan unimaginable () multitude () ofjobs. There were the huge printing-shops with their sub-editors, their typography experts, and their elaborately () equipped () studios for the faking () ofphotographs. There was the teleprogrammes section with its engineers, its producers, and its teams ofactors specially chosen for their skill () inimitating voices. There were the armies ofreference clerks () whose job was simply todraw up () lists ofbooks and periodicals which were due for recall ( ). There were the vast repositories () where the corrected documents were stored (), and the hidden () furnaces () where the original copies were destroyed. And somewhere (- ) or other, quite anonymous (), there were the directing brains () who co-ordinated the whole effort () and laid down () the lines ofpolicy which made it necessary that this fragment ofthe past should be preserved (), that one falsified, and the other rubbed () out ofexistence. [23 - day inday out (.) ]

And the Records Department, after all ( ), was itself only asingle branch () ofthe Ministry ofTruth, whose primary () job was not toreconstruct the past but tosupply () the citizens ofOceania with newspapers, films, textbooks, telescreen programmes, plays, novels with every conceivable () kind ofinformation, instruction, or entertainment, from astatue toaslogan, from alyric poem toabiological treatise (), and from achilds spelling-book (  ) toaNewspeak dictionary. And the Ministry had () not only tosupply () the multifarious () needs ofthe party, but also torepeat the whole operation at alower level for the benefit ofthe proletariat. There was awhole chain () ofseparate departments dealing () with proletarian literature, music, drama, and entertainment generally. Here were produced rubbishy () newspapers containing almost nothing except sport, crime and astrology, sensational five-cent novelettes (), films oozing () with sex, and sentimental songs which were composed entirely () bymechanical means on aspecial kind ofkaleidoscope known as aversificator. There was even awhole sub-section Pornosec, it was called inNewspeak engaged inproducing the lowest kind ofpornography, which was sent out () insealed () packets () and which no Party member, other than those who worked on it, was permitted () tolook at. Three messages had slid out () ofthe pneumatic tube while Winston was working, but they were simple matters, and he had disposed () ofthem before the Two Minutes Hate interrupted () him. When the Hate was over he returned tohis cubicle, took the Newspeak dictionary from the shelf (), pushed () the speakwrite toone side, cleaned his spectacles, and settled down () tohis main job ofthe morning.

Winstons greatest pleasure inlife was inhis work. Most ofit was atedious () routine, but included init there were also jobs so difficult and intricate () that you could lose yourself inthem as inthe depths () ofamathematical problem delicate pieces () offorgery () inwhich you had nothing toguide ( ) you except your knowledge ofthe principles ofIngsoc and your estimate ofwhat the Party wanted you tosay. Winston was good at this kind ofthing. On occasion () he had even been entrusted with the rectification ofThe Times leading articles, which were written entirely () inNewspeak. He unrolled () the message that he had set aside () earlier. Itran:

times 3.12.83reporting () bb dayorder ( ) doubleplusungood ( ) refs unpersons () rewrite () fullwise ( ) upsub () antefiling ()

InOldspeak (or standard English) this might be rendered ():

The reporting () ofBig Brothers Order for the Day inThe Times ofDecember 3rd 1983is extremely () unsatisfactory and makes references () tonon-existent persons. Rewrite it infull and submit () your draft () tohigher authority before filing ( ).

Winston read through the offending () article. Big Brothers Order for the Day, it seemed, had been chiefly () devoted topraising () the work ofan organization known as FFCC, which supplied () cigarettes and other comforts tothe sailors inthe Floating Fortresses. Acertain () Comrade Withers, aprominent () member ofthe Inner Party, had been singled () out for special mention and awarded adecoration ( ), the Order ofConspicuous ( ) Merit (), Second Class.

Three months later FFCC had suddenly been dissolved () with no reasons given (  ). One could assume () that Withers and his associates were now indisgrace, but there had been no report ofthe matter (   ) inthe Press or on the telescreen. That was tobe expected (  ), since () it was unusual for political offenders () tobe put () on trial () or even publicly denounced (). The great purges () involving thousands ofpeople, with public trials oftraitors and thought-criminals who made abject () confession () oftheir crimes and were afterwards () executed (), were special show-pieces () not occurring () oftener () than once inacouple ofyears. More commonly ( ), people who had incurred ( ) the displeasure ofthe Party simply disappeared and were never heard ofagain. One never had the smallest clue () as towhat had happened tothem. Insome cases they might not even be dead. Perhaps thirty people personally known toWinston, not counting () his parents, had disappeared at one time or another. [24 - were now indisgrace (.)   ]

Winston stroked () his nose gently () with apaper-clip (  ). Inthe cubicle across the way Comrade Tillotson was still crouching secretively () over his speakwrite. He raised his head for amoment: again the hostile () spectacle-flash (堖 ). Winston wondered () whether Comrade Tillotson was engaged on the same job as himself. It was perfectly possible. So tricky () apiece ofwork would never be entrusted () toasingle person: on the other hand, toturn () it over toacommittee would be toadmit () openly that an act offabrication () was taking place. Very likely as many as adozen people were now working away on rival () versions ofwhat Big Brother had actually said. And presently () some master brain () inthe Inner () Party would select this version or that, would re-edit it and set inmotion ( ) the complex processes ofcross-referencing ( ) that would be required (), and then the chosen () lie would pass into the permanent records and become truth.

Winston did not know why Withers had been disgraced (). Perhaps it was for corruption or incompetence. Perhaps Big Brother was merely getting rid () ofatoo-popular subordinate (). Perhaps Withers or someone (-) close () tohim had been suspected () ofheretical tendencies (). Or perhaps what was likeliest () ofall the thing had simply happened because purges () and vaporizations () were anecessary part ofthe mechanics ofgovernment. The only real clue () lay inthe words refs unpersons (  ), which indicated that Withers was already dead. You could not invariably () assume () this tobe the case when people were arrested. Sometimes they were released () and allowed () toremain at liberty for as much as ayear or two years before being executed (). Very occasionally ( ) some person whom you had believed dead long since would make aghostly () reappearance ( ) at some public trial where he would implicate () hundreds ofothers byhis testimony () before vanishing (), his time for ever. Withers, however, was already an UNPERSON (). He did not exist: he had never existed. Winston decided that it would not be enough simply toreverse ( ) the tendency ofBig Brothers speech. It was better tomake it deal ( ) with something totally unconnected with its original subject ().

He might turn the speech into the usual denunciation () oftraitors and thought-criminals, but that was alittle too obvious (), while toinvent () avictory at the front, or some triumph ofover-production inthe Ninth Three-Year Plan, might complicate () the records too much. What was needed was apiece ofpure () fantasy. Suddenly there sprang () into his mind, ready made as it were ( , ), the image ofacertain Comrade Ogilvy, who had recently () died inbattle, inheroic circumstances ().There were occasions () when Big Brother devoted his Order for the Day tocommemorating () some humble (), rank-and-file Party member whose life and death he held up as an example worthy () tobe followed. Today he should commemorate ( ) Comrade Ogilvy. It was true that there was no such person as Comrade Ogilvy, but afew lines ofprint and acouple offaked () photographs would soon bring him into existence. [25 - rank-and-file Party member (.)   ]

Winston thought for amoment (), then pulled the speakwrite towards him and began dictating inBig Brothers familiar () style: astyle at once () military and pedantic, and, because ofatrick () ofasking questions and then promptly () answering them (What lessons do we learn from this fact, comrades? The lesson which is also one ofthe fundamental principles ofIngsoc that, etc., etc.), easy toimitate ().

At the age ofthree Comrade Ogilvy had refused all toys () except adrum (), asub-machine gun (-), and amodel helicopter. At six ayear early, byaspecial relaxation () ofthe rules he had joined the Spies (), at nine he had been atroop () leader. At eleven he had denounced his uncle tothe Thought Police after overhearing aconversation () which appeared tohim (  ) tohave criminal tendencies (). At seventeen he had been adistrict organizer ofthe Junior Anti-Sex League. At nineteen he had designed () ahand-grenade ( ) which had been adopted bythe Ministry ofPeace and which, at its first trial (), had killed thirty-one Eurasian prisoners inone burst (). At twenty-three he had perished inaction ( ). Pursued () byenemy jet () planes while flying over the Indian Ocean with important despatches (), he had weighted () his body with his machine gun and leapt out () ofthe helicopter into deep water, despatches and all an end, said Big Brother, which it was impossible tocontemplate () without feelings ofenvy (). Big Brother added afew remarks on the purity () and single-mindedness () ofComrade Ogilvys life. He was atotal abstainer and anonsmoker (), had no recreations () except adaily hour inthe gymnasium, and had taken avow ofcelibacy, believing marriage and the care ofafamily tobe incompatible () with atwenty-four-houra-day devotion () toduty. He had no subjects () ofconversation () except the principles ofIngsoc, and no aim inlife except the defeat () ofthe Eurasian enemy and the hunting-down () ofspies, saboteurs, thoughtcriminals, and traitors generally. Winston debated with himself whether toaward () Comrade Ogilvy the Order ofConspicuous Merit: inthe end he decided against it because ofthe unnecessary cross-referencing ( ) that it would entail ( ). [26 - atotal abstainer (.)  ][27 - had taken avow ofcelibacy (.)   ]

Once again he glanced at his rival () inthe opposite cubicle. Something seemed totell him with certainty that Tillotson was busy on the same job as himself. There was no way ofknowing whose job would finally be adopted (), but he felt aprofound () conviction () that it would be his own. Comrade Ogilvy, unimagined an hour ago, was now afact. It struck () him as curious () that you could create dead men but not living ones. Comrade Ogilvy, who had never existed inthe present, now existed inthe past, and when once the act offorgery () was forgotten, he would exist just as () authentically (), and upon the same evidence, as Charlemagne ( ) or Julius Caesar ( ).
















Chapter5


Inthe low-ceilinged ( ) canteen (), deep underground, the lunch queue () jerked () slowly forward. The room was already very full and deafeningly () noisy. From the grille () at the counter () the steam () ofstew ( ) came pouring () forth (), with asour metallic smell () which did not quite overcome () the fumes () ofVictory Gin (). On the far side ofthe room there was asmall bar, amere hole () inthe wall, where gin could be bought at ten cents the large nip ().

Just the man Iwas looking for, said avoice at Winstons back.

He turned round. It was his friend Syme, who worked inthe Research () Department. Perhaps friend was not exactly () the right word. You did not have friends nowadays, you had comrades: but there were some comrades whose society was pleasanter () than that ofothers. Syme was aphilologist, aspecialist inNewspeak. Indeed, he was one ofthe enormous team ofexperts now engaged incompiling () the Eleventh Edition ofthe Newspeak Dictionary. He was atiny () creature (), smaller than Winston, with dark hair and large, protuberant () eyes, at once () mournful () and derisive (), which seemed tosearch your face closely while he was speaking toyou.

Iwanted toask you whether youd got any razor () blades (), he said.

Not one! said Winston with asort ofguilty () haste ().

Ive tried () all over the place. They dont exist any longer.

Everyone kept asking you for razor blades. Actually he had two unused ones which he was hoarding up (). There had been afamine () ofthem for months past. At any given moment there was some necessary article () which the Party shops were unable tosupply (). Sometimes it was buttons (), sometimes it was darning () wool (), sometimes it was shoelaces (  ); at present it was razor blades. You could only get hold () ofthem, if at all, byscrounging () more or less furtively () on the free market.

Ive been using the same blade for six weeks, he added untruthfully (). The queue () gave another jerk () forward. As they halted () he turned and faced Syme again. Each ofthem took agreasy () metal tray () from apile () at the end ofthe counter ().

Did you go and see the prisoners hanged yesterday? said Syme.

Iwas working, said Winston indifferently. Ishall see it on the flicks (), Isuppose ().

Avery inadequate () substitute (), said Syme.

His mocking () eyes roved over () Winstons face. Iknow you, the eyes seemed tosay, Isee through you. Iknow very well why you didnt go tosee those prisoners hanged. Inan intellectual way, Syme was venomously () orthodox. He would talk with adisagreeable gloating (, ) satisfaction ofhelicopter raids on enemy villages, and trials and confessions () ofthought-criminals, the executions inthe cellars () ofthe Ministry ofLove. Talking tohim was largely ( ) amatter ofgetting ( ) him away from such subjects and entangling () him, if possible, inthe technicalities ( ) ofNewspeak, on which he was authoritative and interesting. Winston turned his head alittle aside toavoid () the scrutiny () ofthe large dark eyes.

It was agood hanging (), said Syme reminiscently (). Ithink it spoils () it when they tie () their feet together. Ilike tosee them kicking (). And above all ( ), at the end, the tongue () sticking () right out, and blue aquite bright blue. Thats the detail that appeals () tome.

Nex (), please! yelled () the white-aproned ( ) prole () with the ladle ().

Winston and Syme pushed () their trays () beneath the grille (). On toeach was dumped () swiftly () the regulation lunch ametal pannikin () ofpinkish-grey (-) stew (), ahunk () ofbread, acube ofcheese, amug () ofmilkless Victory Coffee, and one saccharine tablet.

Theres atable over there, under that telescreen, said Syme. Lets pick up () agin on theway.

The gin was served out () tothem inhandleless ( ) china mugs (). They threaded () their way across the crowded room and unpacked () their trays () on tothe metal-topped ( ) table, on one corner ofwhich someone had left () apool () ofstew ( ), afilthy () liquid () mess () that had the appearance ofvomit (). Winston took up () his mug ofgin, paused for an instant () tocollect his nerve (), and gulped ( ) the oily-tasting ( ) stuff () down. When he had winked () the tears () out ofhis eyes he suddenly discovered that he was hungry. He began swallowing () spoonfuls () ofthe stew (), which, inamong its general sloppiness (), had cubes () ofspongy () pinkish () stuff () which was probably apreparation ofmeat. Neither ofthem ( ) spoke again till they had emptied () their pannikins (). From the table at Winstons left, alittle behind his back, someone was talking rapidly and continuously (), aharsh () gabble () almost like the quacking () ofaduck (), which pierced () the general uproar () ofthe room.

How is the Dictionary getting on ( )? said Winston, raising his voice toovercome the noise.

Slowly, said Syme. Im on the adjectives (). Its fascinating ().

He had brightened up () immediately at the mention ofNewspeak. He pushed his pannikin () aside, took up his hunk () ofbread inone delicate hand and his cheese inthe other, and leaned () across the table so as tobe able tospeak without shouting.

The Eleventh Edition is the definitive () edition, he said. Were getting () the language into its final shape () the shape its going tohave when nobody speaks anything else. When weve finished with it, people like you will have tolearn it all over again. You think, Idare () say, that our chief job is inventing () new words. But not abit () ofit! Were destroying words scores () ofthem, hundreds ofthem, every day. Were cutting () the language down tothe bone (). The Eleventh Edition wont contain () asingle word that will become obsolete () before the year 2050.

He bit () hungrily into his bread and swallowed () acouple ofmouthfuls (), then continued speaking, with asort ofpedants passion (). His thin () dark face had become animated (), his eyes had lost their mocking () expression and grown almost dreamy.

Its abeautiful thing, the destruction ofwords. Ofcourse the great wastage () is inthe verbs and adjectives, but there are hundreds ofnouns that can got rid () ofas well. It isnt only the synonyms; there are also the antonyms. After all ( ), what justification () is there for aword which is simply the opposite ofsome other word? Aword contains its opposite initself. Take good, for instance (). If you have aword like good, what need is there for aword like bad? Ungood will do just as well (  ) better, because its an exact () opposite, which the other is not. Or again, if you want astronger version ofgood, what sense is there inhaving awhole string () ofvague () useless words like excellent () and splendid () and all the rest ofthem? Plusgood covers () the meaning, or doubleplusgood if you want something stronger still. Ofcourse we use those forms already. but inthe final version ofNewspeak therell be nothing else. Inthe end the whole notion () ofgoodness and badness will be covered byonly six words inreality, only one word. Dont you see the beauty ofthat, Winston? It was B.B.s idea originally, ofcourse, he added as an afterthought ().

Asort ofvapid () eagerness () flitted () across Winstons face at the mention ofBig Brother. Nevertheless ( ) Syme immediately detected () acertain lack () ofenthusiasm.

You havent areal appreciation () ofNewspeak, Winston, he said almost sadly. Even when you write it youre still thinking inOldspeak. Ive read some ofthose pieces () that you write inThe Times occasionally (). Theyre good enough, but theyre translations. Inyour heart () youd prefer () tostick () toOldspeak, with all its vagueness () and its useless shades () ofmeaning (). You dont grasp () the beauty ofthe destruction ofwords. Do you know that Newspeak is the only language inthe world whose vocabulary gets () smaller every year?

Winston did know that, ofcourse. He smiled, sympathetically he hoped, not trusting () himself tospeak. Syme bit off () another fragment ofthe dark-coloured bread, chewed () it briefly (), and wenton:

Dont you see that the whole aim ofNewspeak is tonarrow () the range () ofthought? Inthe end we shall make thoughtcrime literally () impossible, because there will be no words inwhich toexpress it. Every concept () that can ever be needed, will be expressed byexactly () one word, with its meaning rigidly () defined () and all its subsidiary () meanings rubbed out () and forgotten. Already, inthe Eleventh Edition, were not far from that point. But the process will still be continuing long after you and Iare dead. Every year fewer () and fewer words, and the range ofconsciousness always alittle smaller. Even now, ofcourse, theres no reason or excuse for committing () thoughtcrime. Its merely aquestion ofself-discipline, reality-control. But inthe end there wont be any need even for that. The Revolution will be complete when the language is perfect. Newspeak is Ingsoc and Ingsoc is Newspeak, he added with asort ofmystical satisfaction. Has it ever occurred (-  ) toyou, Winston, that bythe year 2050, at the very latest ( ), not asingle human being () will be alive who could understand such aconversation as we are having now?

Except  began Winston doubtfully, and he stopped.

It had been on the tip () ofhis tongue () tosay Except the proles, but he checked himself (), not feeling fully certain that this remark was not insome way (  ) unorthodox. Syme, however, had divined what he was about tosay ( ). The proles are not human beings, he said carelessly (). By2050 earlier, probably all real knowledge ofOldspeak will have disappeared. The whole literature ofthe past will have been destroyed. Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Byron theyll exist only inNewspeak versions, not merely changed into something different, but actually changed into something contradictory ofwhat they used tobe. Even the literature ofthe Party will change. Even the slogans will change. How could you have aslogan like freedom is slavery when the concept offreedom has been abolished? The whole climate ofthought will be different. Infact there will be no thought, as we understand it now. Orthodoxy means not thinking not needing tothink. Orthodoxy is unconsciousness. [28 - Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Byron  ,  ,  ,    ]

One ofthese days, thought Winston with sudden deep conviction (), Syme will be vaporized (). He is too intelligent. He sees too clearly and speaks too plainly (). The Party does not like such people. One day he will disappear. It is written inhis face.

Winston had finished his bread and cheese. He turned alittle sideways () inhis chair todrink his mug ofcoffee. At the table on his left the man with the strident () voice was still talking remorselessly () away. Ayoung woman who was perhaps his secretary, and who was sitting with her back toWinston, was listening tohim and seemed tobe eagerly () agreeing with everything that he said. From time totime Winston caught () some such remark as Ithink youre so right, Ido so agree with you, uttered () inayouthful () and rather silly () feminine voice. But the other voice never stopped for an instant (), even when the girl was speaking. Winston knew the man bysight (), though he knew no more about him than that he held some important post inthe Fiction Department. He was aman ofabout thirty, with amuscular throat () and alarge, mobile mouth. His head was thrown back alittle, and because ofthe angle () at which he was sitting, his spectacles caught () the light and presented toWinston two blank discs instead () ofeyes. What was slightly () horrible, was that from the stream () ofsound that poured out () ofhis mouth it was almost impossible todistinguish () asingle word. Just once Winston caught () aphrase complete and final elimination () ofGoldsteinism jerked out () very rapidly () and, as it seemed, all inone piece (), like aline oftype cast solid (  ). For the rest () it was just anoise, aquack-quack-quacking (--). And yet, though you could not actually hear what the man was saying, you could not be inany doubt about its general nature. He might be denouncing () Goldstein and demanding () sterner ( ) measures against thought-criminals and saboteurs, he might be fulminating () against the atrocities () ofthe Eurasian army, he might be praising () Big Brother or the heroes on the Malabar front it made no difference. Whatever it was, you could be certain () that every word ofit was pure () orthodoxy, pure Ingsoc. As he watched the eyeless face with the jaw () moving rapidly up and down, Winston had acurious () feeling that this was not areal human being but some kind ofdummy (). It was not the mans brain () that was speaking, it was his larynx (). The stuff () that was coming out ofhim consisted ofwords, but it was not speech inthe true sense: it was anoise uttered () inunconsciousness, like the quacking () ofaduck ().

Syme had fallen silent for amoment, and with the handle () ofhis spoon () was tracing () patterns () inthe puddle () ofstew ( ). The voice from the other table quacked () rapidly on, easily audible () inspite ( ) ofthe surrounding () din ().

There is aword inNewspeak, said Syme, Idont know whether you know it: DUCKSPEAK ( ), toquack () like aduck. It is one ofthose interesting words that have two contradictory meanings. Applied () toan opponent, it is abuse (), applied tosomeone you agree with, it is praise ().

Unquestionably Syme will be vaporized (), Winston thought again.

He thought it with akind ofsadness (), although well knowing that Syme despised () him and slightly () disliked him, and was fully capable () ofdenouncing () him as athought-criminal if he saw any reason for doing so. There was something subtly () wrong with Syme. There was something that he lacked (): discretion (), aloofness (), asort ofsaving stupidity (). You could not say that he was unorthodox. He believed inthe principles ofIngsoc, he venerated () Big Brother, he rejoiced () over victories, he hated heretics, not merely with sincerity () but with asort ofrestless () zeal (), an up-to-dateness () ofinformation, which the ordinary Party member did not approach. Yet afaint () air () ofdisreputability ( ) always clung () tohim. He said things that would have been better unsaid, he had read too many books, he frequented () the Chestnut () Tree Cafe, haunt () ofpainters and musicians. There was no law, not even an unwritten law, against frequenting () the Chestnut Tree Cafe, yet the place was somehow (-) ill-omened. ld, discredited leaders ofthe Party had been used togather () there before they were finally purged (). Goldstein himself, it was said, had sometimes been seen there, years and decades ago. Symes fate () was not difficult toforesee (). And yet it was afact that if Syme grasped (), even for three seconds, the nature ofhis, Winstons, secret opinions (), he would betray () him instantly tothe Thought Police. So would anybody else, for that matter: but Syme more than most. Zeal () was not enough. Orthodoxy was unconsciousness. [29 - was somehow (-) ill-omened (.)   ][30 - for that matter (.)    ]

Syme looked up ( ). Here comes Parsons, he said.

Something inthe tone ofhis voice seemed toadd, that bloody fool (  ). Parsons, Winstons fellow-tenant (-) at Victory Mansions, was infact threading () his way across the room atubby (), middle-sized ( ) man with fair () hair and afroglike () face. At thirty-five he was already putting on () rolls () offat () at neck () and waistline (), but his movements were brisk () and boyish (). His whole appearance was that ofalittle boy grown () large (), so much so () that although he was wearing () the regulation overalls, it was almost impossible not tothink ofhim as being dressed () inthe blue shorts, grey shirt, and red neckerchief ( ) ofthe Spies. Invisualizing () him one saw always apicture ofdimpled () knees () and sleeves () rolled back () from pudgy () forearms (). Parsons did, indeed, invariably revert () toshorts when acommunity hike () or any other physical activity gave him an excuse () for doing so. He greeted () them both with acheery () Hullo, hullo! and sat down at the table, giving off () an intense () smell () ofsweat (). Beads () ofmoisture () stood out all overhis () pink face. His powers ofsweating () were extraordinary. At the Community Centre you could always tell when he had been playing table-tennis bythe dampness () ofthe bat () handle (). Syme had produced astrip () ofpaper on which there was along column ofwords, and was studying it with an ink-pencil between his fingers. [31 - the regulation overalls (.) ,    ]

Look at him working away inthe lunch hour, said Parsons, nudging ( ) Winston. Keenness (), eh ()? Whats that youve got there, old boy? Something abit too (- ) brainy () for me, Iexpect. Smith, old boy, Ill tell you why Im chasing () you. Its that sub () you forgot togiveme.

Which sub is that? said Winston, automatically feeling () for money. About aquarter ofones salary (  ) had tobe earmarked () for voluntary subscriptions (), which were so numerous that it was difficult tokeep track () ofthem.

For Hate Week. You know the house-by-house fund. Im treasurer for our block. Were making an all-out effort going toput on atremendous show. Itell you, it wont be my fault if old Victory Mansions doesnt have the biggest outfit () offlags inthe whole street. Two dollars you promised ()me.

Winston found and handed over () two creased () and filthy () notes, which Parsons entered inasmall notebook, inthe neat () handwriting () ofthe illiterate ().

Bythe way (), old boy, he said. Ihear that little beggar ofmine (  -) let fly () at you with his catapult () yesterday. Igave him agood dressing-down for it. Infact Itold him Id take the catapult away if he does it again. [32 - gave him agood dressing-down (.)   ]

Ithink he was alittle upset () at not going tothe execution (), said Winston.

Ah, well what Imean tosay, shows the right spirit (), doesnt it? Mischievous () little beggars () they are, both ofthem, but talk about keenness ()! All they think about is the Spies, and the war, ofcourse. Dyou know what that little girl ofmine did last Saturday, when her troop () was on ahike () out Berkhamsted way? She got two other girls togo with her, slipped off () from the hike, and spent the whole afternoon following astrange () man. They kept on his tail () for two hours, right through the woods (), and then, when they got into Amersham, handed () him over tothe patrols.

What did they do that for? said Winston, somewhat taken aback. Parsons went on triumphantly: [33 - somewhat taken aback (.)  ]

My kid made sure he was some kind ofenemy agent might have been dropped () byparachute, for instance (). But heres the point, old boy. What do you think put her on tohim inthe first place? She spotted (렖 ) he was wearing () afunny () kind ofshoes said shed never seen anyone wearing shoes like that before. So the chances were he was aforeigner. Pretty smart for anipper ofseven, eh? (   ,?)

What happened tothe man? said Winston.

Ah, that Icouldnt say, ofcourse. But Iwouldnt be altogether () surprised if  Parsons made the motion ofaiming arifle, and clicked () his tongue () for the explosion ().

Good, said Syme abstractedly (), without looking up from his strip () ofpaper.

Ofcourse we cant afford totake chances, agreed Winston dutifully (). [34 - we cant afford totake chances (.)     ]

What Imean tosay, there is awar on, said Parsons.

As though () inconfirmation () ofthis, atrumpet () call floated () from the telescreen just above () their heads. However, it was not the proclamation ofamilitary victory this time, but merely an announcement () from the Ministry ofPlenty.

Comrades! cried () an eager () youthful voice. Attention, comrades! We have glorious news for you. We have won the battle for production! Returns () now completed ofthe output () ofall classes ofconsumption goods show that the standard ofliving has risen byno less than 20per cent over the past year. All over () Oceania this morning there were irrepressible () spontaneous () demonstrations when workers marched out offactories and offices and paraded () through the streets with banners voicing () their gratitude () toBig Brother for the new, happy life which his wise () leadership has bestowed upon us (). Here are some ofthe completed () figures. Foodstuffs ( )

The phrase our new, happy life recurred () several times. It had been afavourite oflate ( ) with the Ministry ofPlenty. Parsons, his attention caught () bythe trumpet () call, sat listening with asort ofgaping () solemnity (), asort ofedified () boredom (). He could not follow the figures, but he was aware that they were insome way acause for satisfaction. He had lugged () out ahuge () and filthy () pipe () which was already half full ofcharred () tobacco. With the tobacco ration at 100grammes aweek it was seldom possible tofill () apipe () tothe top (). Winston was smoking aVictory Cigarette which he held carefully horizontal. The new ration did not start till tomorrow and he had only four cigarettes left (). For the moment he had shut his ears tothe remoter () noises and was listening tothe stuff () that streamed () out ofthe telescreen. It appeared () that there had even been demonstrations tothank Big Brother for raising the chocolate ration totwenty grammes aweek. And only yesterday, he reflected (), it had been announced that the ration was tobe REDUCED () totwenty grammes aweek. Was it possible that they could swallow () that, after only twenty-four hours? Yes, they swallowed it. Parsons swallowed it easily, with the stupidity () ofan animal. The eyeless () creature at the other table swallowed it fanatically, passionately (), with afurious () desire totrack down (), denounce (), and vaporize () anyone who should suggest () that last week the ration had been thirty grammes. Syme, too insome more complex way ( ), involving () doublethink, Syme swallowed it. Was he, then (), ALONE inthe possession ofamemory?

The fabulous () statistics continued topour () out ofthe telescreen. As compared () with last year there was more food, more clothes, more houses, more furniture, more cooking-pots (), more fuel (), more ships, more helicopters, more books, more babies more ofeverything except disease (), crime, and insanity (). Year byyear and minute byminute, everybody and everything was whizzing () rapidly upwards (). As Syme had done earlier Winston had taken up his spoon () and was dabbling ( ) inthe pale-coloured () gravy () that dribbled () across the table, drawing along streak () ofit out into apattern (). He meditated resentfully () on the physical texture () oflife. Had it always been like this? Had food always tasted () like this? He looked round the canteen (). Alow-ceilinged ( ), crowded () room, its walls grimy () from the contact ofinnumerable () bodies; battered () metal tables and chairs, placed so close together that you sat with elbows () touching; bent () spoons (), dented () trays (), coarse () white mugs (); all surfaces () greasy (), grime () inevery crack (); and asourish (), composite () smell () ofbad gin and bad coffee and metallic stew () and dirty clothes. Always inyour stomach () and inyour skin () there was asort ofprotest, afeeling that you had been cheated () ofsomething that you had aright to. It was true that he had no memories ofanything greatly different. Inany time that he could accurately () remember, there had never been quite enough toeat, one had never had socks () or underclothes ( ) that were not full ofholes (), furniture had always been battered () and rickety (), rooms underheated (), tube () trains (ࠖ ) crowded, houses falling topieces (), bread dark-coloured, tea ararity (), coffee filthy-tasting ( ), cigarettes insufficient () nothing cheap and plentiful () except synthetic gin. And though, ofcourse, it grew worse as ones body aged (      ), was it not asign that this was NOT the natural order ofthings, if ones heart sickened () at the discomfort and dirt and scarcity (), the interminable () winters (), the stickiness () ofones socks, the lifts that never worked, the cold water, the gritty () soap, the cigarettes that came topieces, the food with its strange (). Why should one feel () it tobe intolerable () unless () one had some kind ofancestral () memory that things had once been different?

He looked round the canteen again. Nearly () everyone () was ugly (), and would still have been ugly even if dressed () otherwise () than inthe uniform () blue overalls (). On the far side ofthe room, sitting at atable alone, asmall, curiously () beetle-like ( ) man was drinking acup ofcoffee, his little eyes darting () suspicious () glances () from side toside. How easy it was, thought Winston, if you did not look about you, tobelieve that the physical type set up () bythe Party as an ideal tall () muscular youths and deep-bosomed () maidens (), blond-haired, vital (), sunburnt (), carefree existed and even predominated (). Actually, so far as he could judge (   ), the majority ofpeople inAirstrip One were small, dark, and ill-favoured (). It was curious () how that beetle-like type ( ) proliferated () inthe Ministries: little dumpy () men, growing stout () very early inlife, with short legs, swift () scuttling () movements, and fat () inscrutable () faces with very small eyes. It was the type that seemed toflourish () best under the dominion ofthe Party.

The announcement from the Ministry ofPlenty ended on another trumpet () call () and gave way totinny () music. Parsons, stirred () tovague () enthusiasm bythe bombardment () offigures, took his pipe () out ofhis mouth.

The Ministry ofPlentys certainly done agood job this year, he said with aknowing shake () ofhis head. Bythe way (), Smith old boy, Isuppose () you havent got any razor blades ( ) you can let me have? [35 - old boy (.) , ]

Not one, said Winston. Ive been using the same blade for six weeks myself.

Ah, well just () thought Id ask you, old boy.

Sorry, said Winston.

The quacking () voice from the next table, temporarily () silenced during the Ministrys announcement (), had started up again, as loud as ever (,  ). For some reason Winston suddenly found himself thinking ofMrs Parsons, with her wispy () hair and the dust inthe creases () ofher face. Within two years those children would be denouncing () her tothe Thought Police. Mrs Parsons would be vaporized (). Syme would be vaporized. Winston would be vaporized. OBrien would be vaporized. Parsons, on the other hand, would never be vaporized. The eyeless creature () with the quacking () voice would never be vaporized. The little beetle-like ( ) men who scuttle () so nimbly () through the labyrinthine () corridors ofMinistries they, too, would never be vaporized. And the girl with dark hair, the girl from the Fiction Department she would never be vaporized either. It seemed tohim that he knew instinctively () who would survive and who would perish (): though just what it was that made for survival, it was not easy tosay.

At this moment he was dragged () out ofhis reverie () with aviolent jerk (). The girl at the next table had turned partly round and was looking at him. It was the girl with dark hair. She was looking at him inasidelong way (), but with curious () intensity (). The instant () she caught () his eye she looked away again.

The sweat () started out on Winstons backbone (). Ahorrible () pang () ofterror went through him. It was gone almost at once, but it left () asort ofnagging () uneasiness () behind. Why was she watching him? Why did she keep following him about? Unfortunately he could not remember whether she had already been at the table when he arrived, or had come there afterwards (). But yesterday, at any rate (), during the Two Minutes Hate, she had sat immediately behind him when there was no apparent () need todo so. Quite likely () her real object had been tolisten tohim and make sure whether he was shouting loudly () enough.

His earlier thought returned tohim: probably she was not actually amember ofthe Thought Police, but then it was precisely () the amateur () spy who was the greatest danger ofall. He did not know how long she had been looking at him, but perhaps for as much as five minutes, and it was possible that his features had not been perfectly under control. It was terribly dangerous tolet your thoughts wander () when you were inany public place or within range () ofatelescreen. The smallest thing could give you away ( ). Anervous tic, an unconscious look ofanxiety (), ahabit ofmuttering () toyourself anything that carried with it the suggestion () ofabnormality (), ofhaving something tohide (). Inany case, towear () an improper () expression on your face (tolook incredulous () when avictory was announced, for example) was itself apunishable offence ( ). There was even aword for it inNewspeak: FACECRIME ( ), it was called.

The girl had turned her back on him again. Perhaps after all (-) she was not really following him about, perhaps it was coincidence () that she had sat so close tohim two days running. His cigarette had gone out (), and he laid it carefully on the edge () ofthe table. He would finish smoking it after work, if he could keep the tobacco init. Quite likely the person at the next table was aspy ofthe Thought Police, and quite likely he would be inthe cellars () ofthe Ministry ofLove within three days, but acigarette end must not be wasted (). Syme had folded up () his strip () ofpaper and stowed () it away inhis pocket. Parsons had begun talking again. [36 - two days running (.)   ]

Did Iever tell you, old boy, he said, chuckling () round the stem () ofhis pipe () about the time when those two nippers ofmine ( ) set fire () tothe old market-womans skirt () because they saw her wrapping up () sausages () inaposter ofB.B.? Sneaked up () behind her and set fire () toit with abox ofmatches (). Burned () her quite badly, Ibelieve. Little beggars (), eh? But keen as mustard! Thats afirst-rate () training () they give them inthe Spies nowadays () better than inmy day, even. What dyou thinks the latest thing theyve served them out with? Ear () trumpets () for listening through keyholes ( )! My little girl brought one ( ) home the other night tried it out () on our sitting-room () door, and reckoned () she could hear twice as much as (  ) with her ear tothe hole (). Ofcourse its only atoy (), mind you (). Still ( ), gives em () the right idea,eh? [37 - keen as mustard (.)  ]

At this moment the telescreen let out () apiercing () whistle (). It was the signal toreturn towork. All three men sprang () totheir feet tojoin inthe struggle round the lifts, and the remaining () tobacco fell out () ofWinstons cigarette.




Chapter6


Winston was writing inhis diary:

It was three years ago. It was on adark evening, inanarrow side-street near one ofthe big railway stations. She was standing near adoorway ( ) inthe wall, under astreet lamp that hardly gave any light. She had ayoung face, painted very thick (). It was really the paint that appealed () tome, the whiteness () ofit, like amask, and the bright red lips (). Party women () never paint their faces. There was nobody else inthe street, and no telescreens. She said two dollars. I

For the moment it was too difficult togo on. He shut () hiseyes and pressed his fingers against them, trying tosqueeze() out the vision that kept recurring (). He had an almost overwhelming() temptation () toshout astring () offilthy () words at thetop () ofhis voice. Or tobang () his head against the wall, tokickover () the table, and hurl () the inkpot () through the window todo any violent or noisy or painful () thing that might black out () the memory that was tormenting ()him.

Your worst () enemy, he reflected, was your own nervous system. At any moment the tension () inside you was liable totranslate () itself into some visible () symptom. He thought ofaman whom he had passed () inthe street afew weeks back; aquite ordinary-looking man, aParty member, aged thirty-five toforty, tallish () and thin (), carrying abrief-case (). They were afew metres apart () when the left side ofthe mans face was suddenly contorted byasort ofspasm (). It happened again just as they were passing one another: it was only atwitch (), aquiver (), rapid () as the clicking () ofacamera shutter (), but obviously () habitual (). He remembered thinking at the time: That poor devil is done for. And what was frightening () was that the action was quite possibly unconscious. The most deadly () danger ofall was talking inyour sleep. There was no way ( ) ofguarding () against that, so far as he could see (   ). [38 - That poor devil is done for (.) Ѡ  ]

He drew () his breath () and went on writing:

Iwent with her through the doorway and across abackyard ( ) into abasement () kitchen. There was abed against the wall, and alamp on the table, turned down () very low. She

His teeth were set on edge. He would have liked tospit (). Simultaneously () with the woman inthe basement kitchen he thought ofKatharine, his wife. Winston was married had been married, at any rate ( ): probably he still was married, so far as he knew his wife was not dead. He seemed tobreathe () again the warm stuffy () odour () ofthe basement kitchen, an odour () compounded () ofbugs () and dirty clothes and villainous () cheap scent (), but nevertheless ( ) alluring (), because no woman ofthe Party ever used scent, or could be imagined as doing so. Only the proles used scent (). Inhis mind the smell () ofit was inextricably () mixed up with fornication (). [39 - His teeth were set on edge (.)   ]

When he had gone with that woman it had been his first lapse () intwo years or thereabouts ( ). Consorting () with prostitutes was forbidden (), ofcourse, but it was one ofthose rules that you could occasionally () nerve (, ) yourself tobreak (). It was dangerous, but it was not alife-and-death matter. Tobe caught () with aprostitute might mean five years inaforcedlabour (-) camp: not more, if you had committed () no other offence (). And it was easy enough, provided that you could avoid being caught inthe act. The poorer () quarters () swarmed () with women who were ready tosell themselves. Some could even be purchased (  ) for abottle ofgin, which the proles were not supposed () todrink. Tacitly () the Party was even inclined () toencourage () prostitution, as an outlet () for instincts which could not be altogether () suppressed (). Mere () debauchery () did not matter very much, so long as () it was furtive () and joyless and only involved () the women ofasubmerged () and despised () class. The unforgivable () crime was promiscuity () between Party members. But though this was one ofthe crimes that the accused () inthe great purges () invariably confessed () toit was difficult toimagine any such thing actually happening. [40 - provided that you could avoid being caught inthe act  ,    ]

The aim ofthe Party was not merely toprevent men and women from forming loyalties () which it might not be able tocontrol. Its real, undeclared purpose was toremove () all pleasure () from the sexual act. Not love so much () as eroticism was the enemy, inside marriage as well as outside it. All marriages between Party members had () tobe approved () byacommittee appointed () for the purpose, and though the principle was never clearly stated permission () was always refused if the couple () concerned () gave () the impression ofbeing physically attracted () toone another ( ). The only recognized purpose ofmarriage was tobeget () children for the service ofthe Party. Sexual intercourse ( ) was tobe looked on as aslightly () disgusting () minor () operation, like having an enema (). This again was never put () into plain () words, but inan indirect way it was rubbed () into every Party member from childhood onwards (). There were even organizations such as the Junior Anti-Sex League, which advocated () complete celibacy () for both sexes. All children were tobe begotten () byartificial () insemination () (ARTSEM, it was called inNewspeak) and brought up () inpublic institutions. This, Winston was aware (), was not meant ( ) altogether () seriously, but somehow (- ) it fitted () inwith the general ideology ofthe Party. The Party was trying tokill the sex instinct, or, if it could not be killed, then todistort () it and dirty () it. He did not know why this was so, but it seemed natural that it should be so. And as far as the women were concerned ( ), the Partys efforts were largely successful.

He thought again ofKatharine. It must be nine, ten nearly eleven years since they had parted (). It was curious () how seldom he thought ofher. For days at atime he was capable offorgetting that he had ever been married. They had only been together for about fifteen months. The Party did not permit () divorce (), but it rather encouraged () separation incases () where there were no children.

Katharine was atall (), fair-haired () girl, very straight (), with splendid () movements. She had abold (), aquiline () face, aface that one might have called noble () until one discovered that there was as nearly as possible nothing behind it (   ). Very early inher married life he had decided though perhaps it was only that he knew her more intimately () than he knew most people that she had without exception () the most stupid, vulgar, empty mind that he had ever encountered (). She had not athought inher head that was not aslogan, and there was no imbecility (), absolutely none that she was not capable ofswallowing () if the Party handed () it out toher. The human sound-track he nicknamed her inhis own mind. Yet () he could have endured () living with her if it had not been for just () one thingsex.

As soon as ( ) he touched her she seemed towince () and stiffen (). Toembrace () her was like embracing ajointed () wooden () image (). And what was strange () was that even when she was clasping () him against her he had the feeling that she was simultaneously () pushing () him away with all her strength (). The rigidlty () ofher muscles managed toconvey () that impression. She would lie there with shut eyes, neither resisting () nor co-operating but SUBMITTING (). It was extraordinarily embarrassing, and, after awhile, horrible. But even then he could have borne (?) living with her if it had been agreed that they should remain (, ) celibate (). But curiously enough it was Katharine who refused this. They must, she said, produce achild if they could. So the performance continued tohappen, once () aweek quite regularily, whenever it was not impossible. She even used toremind him ofit inthe morning, as something which had tobe done that evening and which must not be forgotten. She had two names for it. One was making ababy, and the other was our duty tothe Party (yes, she had actually used that phrase). Quite soon he grew tohave afeeling ofpositive dread () when the appointed () day came round (). But luckily () no child appeared, and inthe end she agreed togive up trying ( ), and soon afterwards they parted ().

Winston sighed () inaudibly (). He picked up () his pen again and wrote:

She threw herself down on the bed, and at once (), without any kind ofpreliminary ( ) inthe most coarse (), horrible way you can imagine, pulled up () her skirt (). I

He saw himself standing there inthe dim () lamplight, with the smell () ofbugs () and cheap scent () inhis nostrils (), and inhis heart afeeling ofdefeat () and resentment () which even at that moment was mixed up with the thought ofKatharines white body, frozen () for ever bythe hypnotic power ofthe Party. Why did it always have tobe like this? Why could he not have awoman ofhis own instead ofthese filthy () scuffles () at intervals ofyears? But areal love affair () was an almost unthinkable event. The women ofthe Party were all alike (). Chastity () was as deep ingrained () inthem as Party loyalty. Bycareful () early conditioning (), bygames and cold water, bythe rubbish () that was dinned () into them at school and inthe Spies and the Youth League, bylectures, parades, songs, slogans, and martial () music, the natural feeling had been driven out () ofthem. His reason () told him that there must be exceptions (), but his heart did not believe it. They were all impregnable (), as the Party intended () that they should be. And what he wanted, more even than tobe loved, was tobreak down that wall ofvirtue (), even if it were only once inhis whole life. The sexual act, successfully performed (), was rebellion (). Desire () was thoughtcrime. Even tohave awakened () Katharine, if he could have achieved it, would have been like aseduction (), although she was his wife.

But the rest ofthe story had got tobe written down. He wrote:

Iturned up the lamp. When Isaw her inthe light

After the darkness the feeble () light ofthe paraffin lamp had seemed very bright. For the first time he could see the woman properly ( ). He had taken astep towards her and then halted, full oflust () and terror. He was painfully () conscious ofthe risk he had taken incoming here. It was perfectly possible that the patrols would catch () him on the way out (): for that matter (   ) they might be waiting outside the door at this moment. If he went away without even doing what he had come here todo!

It had got tobe written down, it had got tobe confessed (   ). What he had suddenly seen inthe lamplight was that the woman was OLD. The paint was plastered () so thick () on her face that it looked as though it might crack () like acardboard mask. There were streaks () ofwhite inher hair; but the truly (-) dreadful () detail was that her mouth had fallen () alittle open, revealing () nothing except acavernous () blackness. She had no teeth () atall.

He wrote hurriedly (), inscrabbling () handwriting ():

When Isaw her inthe light she was quite an old woman, fifty years old at least. But Iwent ahead () and did it just the same.

He pressed his fingers against his eyelids () again. He had written it down at last (), but it made no difference. The therapy () had not worked. The urge () toshout filthy () words at the top ofhis voice ( ) was as strong as ever.
























Chapter7


If there is hope, wrote Winston, it lies inthe proles ( . ).

If there was hope, it MUST lie inthe proles, because only there inthose swarming () disregarded () masses, 85per cent ofthe population ofOceania, could the force todestroy the Party ever be generated (). The Party could not be overthrown () from within (). Its enemies, if it had any enemies, had no way ofcoming together or even ofidentifying one another. Even if the legendary Brotherhood existed, as just possibly it might, it was inconceivable () that its members could ever assemble inlarger numbers than twos and threes. Rebellion meant alook inthe eyes, an inflexion () ofthe voice, at the most, an occasional whispered () word. But the proles, if only they could somehow become conscious oftheir own strength. would have no need toconspire (). They needed only torise up and shake themselves like ahorse shaking off flies (). If they chose () they could blow () the Party topieces () tomorrow morning. Surely () sooner () or later it must occur ( ) tothem todo it? And yet!

He remembered how once he had been walking down acrowded street when atremendous shout ofhundreds ofvoices womens voices had burst () from aside-street () alittle way ahead (). It was agreat formidable () cry ofanger () and despair (), adeep, loud () Oh-o-o-o-oh! that went humming () on like the reverberation () ofabell. His heart had leapt (). Its start ed! he had thought. Ariot ()! The proles are breaking loose ( ) at last! When he had reached the spot () it was tosee amob () oftwo or three hundred women crowding round the stalls () ofastreet market, with faces as tragic as though they had been the doomed () passengers on asinking () ship. But at this moment the general despair () broke down into amultitude () ofindividual quarrels (). It appeared () that one ofthe stalls had been selling tin () saucepans (). They were wretched (), flimsy () things, but cooking-pots () ofany kind were always difficult toget. Now the supply () had unexpectedly () given out (). The successful women, bumped () and jostled () bythe rest (), were trying tomake off () with their saucepans () while dozens ofothers clamoured () round the stall, accusing () the stall-keeper () offavouritism and ofhaving more saucepans () somewhere inreserve (). There was afresh () outburst () ofyells (). Two bloated () women, one ofthem with her hair coming down, had got hold () ofthe same saucepan and were trying totear () it out ofone anothers hands. For amoment they were both tugging (), and then the handle () came off (). Winston watched them disgustedly (). And yet, just for amoment, what almost frightening () power () had sounded inthat cry from only afew hundred throats ()! Why was it that they could never shout like that about anything that mattered (- )?

He wrote:

Until () they become conscious they will never rebel (), and until after they have rebelled they cannot become conscious.

That, he reflected, might almost have been atranscription from one ofthe Party textbooks. The Party claimed (), ofcourse, tohave liberated the proles from bondage (). Beforethe Revolution they had been hideously () oppressed () bythecapitalists, they had been starved ( ) and flogged (), women hadbeen forced () towork inthe coal mines () (women still did workinthe coal mines, as amatter offact) ( ), children had beensold into the factories at the age ofsix. But simultaneously ( ), true tothe Principles ofdoublethink, the Party taught () that the proles were natural inferiors () who must be kept insubjection (), like animals, bythe application () ofafew simple rules. Inreality very little was known about the proles. It was not necessary toknow much. So long as () they continued towork and breed (), their other activities were without importance. Left tothemselves (  ), like cattle () turned loose ( ) upon the plains () ofArgentina, they had reverted () toastyle oflife that appeared tobe natural tothem, asort ofancestral () pattern (). They were born, they grew up inthe gutters (), theywent towork at twelve, they passed through abrief () blossoming-period ( ) ofbeauty and sexual desire, they married at twenty, they were middle-aged at thirty, they died, for the most part, at sixty. Heavy physical work, the care ofhomeand children, petty () () with neighbours, films, football, beer, and above all, gambling ( ), filled up () the horizon oftheir minds. Tokeep them incontrol was not difficult. Afew agents ofthe Thought Police moved always among them, spreading () false () rumours () and marking down () and eliminating () the few individuals who were judged () capable ofbecoming dangerous; but no attempt was made toindoctrinate () them with the ideology ofthe Party. It was not desirable () that the proles should have strong political feelings. All that was required () ofthem was aprimitive patriotism which could be appealed () towhenever it was necessary tomake them accept () longer () working-hours or shorter rations (). And even when they became discontented (), as they sometimes did, their discontent led nowhere ( ), because being without general ideas, they could only focus it on petty () specific grievances (). The larger evils () invariably escaped () their notice (). The great majority ofproles did not even have telescreens intheir homes. Even the civil police interfered () with them very little. There was avast amount () ofcriminality inLondon, awhole world-within-a-world ofthieves (), bandits, prostitutes, drug-peddlers ( ), and racketeers ofevery description (); but since it all happened among the proles themselves, it wasofno importance. Inall questions ofmorals they were allowed () tofollow their ancestral () code (). The sexual Puritanism ofthe Party was not imposed () upon them. Promiscuity () went unpunished (), divorce () was permitted (). For that matter (  ), even religious worship () would have been permitted () if the proles had shown any sign ofneeding or wanting it. They were beneath () suspicion (). As the Party slogan put it (): Proles and animals are free. Winston reached down () and cautiously scratched () hisvaricose () ulcer (). It had begun itching () again. The thing you invariably came back towas the impossibility ofknowing what life before the Revolution had really been like. He took out () ofthe drawer ( ) acopy ofachildrens history textbookwhich he had borrowed () from Mrs Parsons, and began copying () apassage () into the diary:

(  Inthe old days (it ran), before the glorious Revolution,London was not the beautiful city that we know today. Itwas adark, dirty, miserable () place where hardly anybodyhad enough toeat and where hundreds and thousands ofpoor people had no boots on their feet and not even aroof () tosleep under. Children no older than you had towork twelvehours aday for cruel () masters () who flogged () them with whips) if they worked too slowly and fed () them on nothing but stale ()breadcrusts () and water. But inamong all this terrible povertythere were just () afew great big beautiful houses that werelived inbyrich men who had as many as thirty servants tolook after them. These rich men were called capitalists. They were fat (), ugly men with wicked () faces, like the one inthe picture on the opposite page. You can see that he is dressed inalong black coat which was called afrock coat (), and aqueer (), shiny () hat () shaped () like astovepipe (), which was called atop hat (). This was the uniform ofthe capitalists, and no one else was allowed () towear () it. The capitalists owned everything inthe world, and everyone else was their slave. They owned all the land, all the houses, all the factories, and all the money. If anyone disobeyed () them they could throw them into prison, or they could take his job away () and starve () him todeath. When any ordinary person spoke toacapitalist he had tocringe () and bow () tohim, and take off his cap and address him as Sir. The chief ofall the capitalists was called the King, and

But he knew the rest ( ) ofthe catalogue. There would be mention ( ) ofthe bishops () intheir lawn () sleeves (), the judges () intheir ermine () robes (), the pillory ( ), the stocks (), the treadmill ( ), the cat-o-nine tails ( ), the Lord Mayors Banquet (), and the practice ofkissing the Popes toe ( ). There was also something called the JUS PRIMAE NOCTIS (  ), which would probably not be mentioned () inatextbook for children. It was the law bywhich every capitalist had the right tosleep with any woman working inone ofhis factories.

How could you tell how much ofit was lies ()? It MIGHT be true that the average () human being was better off now than he had been before the Revolution. The only evidence () tothe contrary () was the mute () protest inyour own bones (), the instinctive feeling that the conditions you lived inwere intolerable () and that at some other time they must have been different. It struck ( ) him that the truly () characteristic thing () about modern life was not its cruelty () and insecurity (), but simply its bareness (), its dinginess (), its listlessness (). Life, if you looked about you, bore no resemblance (  ) not only tothe lies that streamed () out ofthe telescreens, but even tothe ideals that the Party was trying toachieve. Great areas ofit, even for aParty member, were neutral and non-political, amatter ofslogging (  ) through dreary () jobs, fighting for aplace on the Tube (), darning () aworn-out () sock, () cadging () asaccharine tablet, saving acigarette end. The ideal set up () bythe Party was something huge, terrible, and glittering () aworld ofsteel and concrete (), ofmonstrous machines and terrifying weapons anation ofwarriors () and fanatics, marching forward inperfect unity, all thinking the same thoughts and shouting the same slogans, perpetually working, fighting, triumphing, persecuting () three hundred million people all with the same face. The reality was decaying (), dingy () cities at where underfed () people shuffled () toand fro (-) inleaky () shoes, inpatched-up () nineteenth-century houses that smelt () always ofcabbage and bad lavatories (). He seemed () tosee () avision () ofLondon, vast and ruinous (), city ofamillion dustbins ( ), and mixed up with it was apicture ofMrs Parsons, awoman with lined () face and wispy () hair, fiddling () helplessly with ablocked waste-pipe ( ).

He reached down () and scratched () his ankle () again. Day and night the telescreens bruised () your ears with statistics proving () that people today had more food, more clothes, better houses, better recreations that they lived longer, worked shorter hours, were bigger, healthier, stronger, happier, more intelligent, better educated, than the people offifty years ago. Not aword ofit could ever be proved or disproved ( ). The Party claimed (), for example, that today 40per cent ofadult proles were literate (): before the Revolution, it was said, the number had only been 15per cent. The Party claimed that the infant mortality ( ) rate () was now only 160per thousand, whereas before the Revolution it had been 300 and so it went on ( ). It was like asingle equation () with two unknowns. It might very well be (  ) that literally () every word inthe history books, even the things that one accepted () without question, was pure () fantasy. For all () he knew there might never have been any such law as the JUS PRIMAE NOCTIS (  ), or any such creature () as acapitalist, or any such garment ( ) as atop hat ().




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notes








1


made for the stairs (.)  




2


Chinese rice-spirit (.)   




3


forced-labour camp (.)  




4


came home tohim (.)  




5


Last night tothe flicks (.)    




6


It was nearly eleven hundred (.)     (    -)




7


asmall goatee beard (.)   ()




8


might be taken inbyit (.)   




9


from motives ofeconomy (.)  




10


dog-eared exercise-books (.)    




11


insome subordinate post for which intelligence was (.) -  ,      ()




12


the chocolate ration (.)   () 




13


tostand toattention (.)   




14


seemed tohave put new heart into him (.) , 




15


inthe appropriate quarter  




16


where it was bound tobe shaken off (.)    




17


without needing toknow the reason (.)  ,   




18


an exercise that was supposed tobe good for the back muscles (.) ,      




19


Stand easy! (.) !




20


the past was brought up todate (.)   ,   




21


alimpsest (.) ; ,       




22


without any admission that any alteration had been made (.)   ,  -   




23


day inday out (.) 




24


were now indisgrace (.)   




25


rank-and-file Party member (.)   




26


atotal abstainer (.)  




27


had taken avow ofcelibacy (.)   




28


Chaucer, Shakespeare, Milton, Byron  ,  ,  ,    




29


was somehow (-) ill-omened (.)   




30


for that matter (.)    




31


the regulation overalls (.) ,    




32


gave him agood dressing-down (.)   




33


somewhat taken aback (.)  




34


we cant afford totake chances (.)     




35


old boy (.) , 




36


two days running (.)   




37


keen as mustard (.)  




38


That poor devil is done for (.) Ѡ  




39


His teeth were set on edge (.)   




40


provided that you could avoid being caught inthe act  ,    


