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         ,   859-862 ?

  6367 (859 .).   ,     ,   ,   ,   , ( ) ;    ,   ,   ,        .

  6368 (860 .).

  6369 (861 .).

  6370 (862 .).     ,     ,      [1 -  ? 6367 (859 .).        ,   ?,   ?,   ?, ( ) :    ,   ?,   ,   ??  ??   .  ? 6368 (860 .).  ? 6369 (861 .).  ? 6370 (862 .).     ,     ,     ? ?. .   . .:  , 1990. .28.].

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,        ,    ,     ,          ,     ,      [6 -  (?)   . ,            VIII  XI . .  .,  .,  . .  .   . .: , 2013. 448 .: .    . ISBN 978-5-699-63656-3 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/9785699636563).],   ,  .         ,     .. ,    ,        ,  -, .  ,  ,   .. ,    ,      ,      -  .              ,      .

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,         (  ),     ,   ,        ,        ,   ,    ,      ().  ,       ,     ,  ,    ,     ,    ?

,     !

 ,               ,   :     : , , , , [10 -   ?  : , , , ?, . .   . .:  , 1990. .8.].

           , [11 -    ,      (),        ,    (Warmia;    Varmia,    Wormjan).     -   ,     ,  .        .   ..     . .    /  .. . .: . - " "; ; . - . . , 1935-1940. (4 .).                ,           ,    -,     .       (Ormland)      .]  .

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       ,    ( ),     ,  ,       ,  ;      ([12 -    ,      ,          (  XII-XIV .).     . .  ..,  ..,  ..      . .:  , 1999. 608 . ISBN 5-88439-088-2.]  [13 -  ( .-. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)Saga  , )  ,    ,    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)  XIII (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA)XIV  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIV_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA) ,        (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F)   ,  ,  930  1030 ,    .         .])     ,     ,   859-862   -.              XI-XII ,        (,   )   859-862  ,  ,         .

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            ,    [15 -  (.-. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA) ??????????  ??????  ,     ????? (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81)  , , )    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0) (-  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)),    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE) (  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC)    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)).      ,       ( )     .           . .  .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0),  .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) C- :      . .:   , 2005. 432 . ISBN 5-7695-1445-0 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/5769514450),  800(075.8),  8173.].  ,      ,   ,        .

  ,     ,          vaeringjar[16 -   , .2. .:   , 1962. .990.],        .     ,      .   ,  vaeringjar      vringr, vCringr,  vr (, , ).

        wara (, ).  ,      ,  [17 -  .    :  4 .: . . Russisches etymologisches W?rterbuch/   .. . 4- ., . .:    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A2_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)), 2004. .4. 860 . ISBN 5-17-018550-2 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/5170185502).].

  ,       XI    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0),     ,       [18 -     ,    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE))      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B)  XI .      ,       ,       XI .].        ,        1034 [19 -      XII .].

 ,    ,     - (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8) (1029 ):  []        []      ,  ;      ,      [20 - -.    // ..   .   . .:  , 1996.].

         XIX  ..  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87),   -   ,  .   1795   ,     warang ().  ,        .         .

             ..  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87),  ,     (????????)        .         (????????),    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8)   (???????,     )[21 -  .. -  -    XI  XII  (http://annales.info/byzant/vasiljevsk/1_03.htm)// .. . . 1. ., 1908.],         (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B),    , ,   ,    ,    [22 -  .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)  1  XIX //   .       (http://www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/1039381/9/Fomin_-_Varyagi_i_varyazhskaya_Rus._K_itogam_diskussii_po_varyazhskomu_voprosu.html). .: , 2005. 123 . ISBN 5-93165-132-2 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/5931651322).]     . ,    ,      [23 -  .. -  -    XI  XII  (http://annales.info/byzant/vasiljevsk/1_03.htm)// .. . . 1. ., 1908.].  ,     :        XI ,             .

      ,      ,   .        .      ,       19        -[24 -   , .2. .:   , 1962. .990.].       .  ,       ,       ,      ?             ,      .  ,     :  die Ware (),  wares ( ),                       + ,      the   die,     wares  Ware.   ,         (  ).  ,        ,         ()[25 -  .         -                , 1854. .: https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-zen_doc/1856150/pub_5e85ffb57fb1f22617c591fe_5e85ffdd80638b5760d4b8b8/scale_2400 (https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-zen_doc/1856150/pub_5e85ffb57fb1f22617c591fe_5e85ffdd80638b5760d4b8b8/scale_2400)].

         ,       fahren (),      farjan.         ().        , ,    [26 -  .        -. 1854 . .: https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-zen_doc/1856150/pub_5e85ffb57fb1f22617c591fe_5e85ffdd80638b5760d4b8b8/scale_2400 (https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-zen_doc/1856150/pub_5e85ffb57fb1f22617c591fe_5e85ffdd80638b5760d4b8b8/scale_2400)]. ,  , ,     ,      .

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       ,    ..  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3,_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BF_%D0%98%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD_%D1%84%D0%BE%D0%BD), ,        varg (, )[27 -       (http://www.bibliotekar.ru/rusTatishcev/32.htm)// ..  .   , 1768, 262.].     ,   ,    859-862      .        ,                 . ,         ,    , ? -     !

     ..  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9,_%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BF_(%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD)_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)     ,    .   ,         flag[28 -  ..    // (http://norroen.info/src/konung/eymund/ru.html). . ., 1858, . 5], ,    ,   .   ,   ,     ,        859-862 .

    .  , ..  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87), ,       (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B8)  var ().  ,       .         (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B).            (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B)   (       ).   , ..  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)       ,    .

        .         waregang,     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE),        (   )      [29 - D.Parducci, Gli stranieri nellalto medioevo, Mirator 1 (2007), in Italian (http://www.glossa.fi/mirator/pdf/i-2007/glistranierinellaltomedioevo.pdf), English abstract (http://www.glossa.fi/mirator/pdf/i-2007/glistranierinellaltomedioevoabstract.pdf).],  ,        waregang   ,   .  ,                 859  862 ?

?      ,   ,       ?              :            ,             [30 - ?   .     ?  ?    ? ,     ?        . .   . .:  , 1990. .8.].

     ,    ,       :     (  )   ,     ,     ,     .          ,  ,  ,    IX  XII      ,  .  ,   ,    ,   ,      ,       ,  .      ,    ,    , .

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 II.      


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[52 -  ( . (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)movere)     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C);   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F),    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA),   , ,  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8)  ;      .].     ,       .

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     .         - ,      ,       ,       [60 -  ( , ,  , )   - (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0),   -   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F) (  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0)),   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C) ( 1920  1940 .     )   .         (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0)  .     10  13  ;    2010      214  ( 2002   250 ).   , ,  , seto rahvas. .: , . . http://www.finnougoria.ru/community/folk/section.php?ELEMENT_ID=2439&SECTION_ID=356 (http://www.finnougoria.ru/community/folk/section.php?ELEMENT_ID=2439&SECTION_ID=356)],  ,  - ,  .         ,     :            [61 -  (. V?rumaa  V?rumaakond, . (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)V?romaa  V?ro maakund)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F),   -  .    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F),   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0).      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83).       (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)  4  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8).], [62 - ,  ? (. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)P?lvamaa  P?lva maakond)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)  -  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F).     ,      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0).      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0).   3 .]  [63 -  (    . (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)Tartu maakond)    15  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F).      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83).     8 : 1 - (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)  7  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8).].      ,           ,      ,     ,      .      ,         ,         ()     .    ,  ,   ,         -       [64 -  ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982. .171.].








. 1.      VI-XIII .[65 -  ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982. .171.]

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        ,         ,      .

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.     [71 -       vesi - .         ,         .    ,       ;  -  ()    (),           .]   ,   .        [72 -  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F))  - ,      -.         (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) -  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5),  IX (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IX_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA)XIII  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA).        (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%88%D0%B0),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8)),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0))      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE).        0,63 ,  512 ,   .     ,     ,           .         (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F) .           (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC)    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C).   ,   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B),        (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA) . .:  .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0)     (http://www.vepsia.ru/history/index_his.php). vepsia.ru.]. ,    ,   ,       ,   -   ,     ,         ,     .

       ,             .

              .

. ,  [73 -     ,     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5)     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C),      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F).. .  .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)       //  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F). 1996. 1. . 323.],    ,   -    .               .         .       ,    , ,    .

     [74 -           . .  ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982.],   ,      ,  ,     .

 .       [75 -  ,   ,       . .  ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982.]       (  )   -   ()    ,     (     )   .         .

   ,         ,          .

     , -,    ,           ,         ,        .

.    ,     ,     [76 -  ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982. .171.],    ,  .               ,               .

 ,           ,           .

     ?          ,             .    ,           .

 ,      ,   ,        .

  ,       ,    ,     ? , ,     ,   ,  ,    ,   ,  ,   ,      ,  , ,      ?

     ,    ,    .

  .         ,         ,         ,     ,        .       ,   ,        ,             .

 ,             ,       ,            .

  ,      ,      ,          ,     .              :   , ,   ,        .        ?      ,  :     ,        ,   ,           , ,  ,    ,   .

          .

        ,     ,      .

            ,       ,            .

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 ,     ,     ,       - :      ,      ,       .

     : ,  ,      ,          ,    . , ,      ?   ,    ;         859 .

  .     ,       ,   .   .  ,       ,    , ,      .

       .      .

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     .             ,   ,  .

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             [77 -      . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.],  ,            .

    ,    , ,      ,            ,    ,  ,   .

          .

 .       1812       ,            , , ,       .  , ,      ,     ,       .

 .             ,    ,          ,      ,     ,     ,             .  ,       ,    .

          :      -     ,          .

 , ,    ,     ,     ,         ,       .     ,    ,            .

  .   ,       ,    ,       ,       .              , , ,         1500 .

 ,              ,      ,           - .    [78 -      .]   ,        .        ,       .

 ,          , .       ,     ,    .    ,     .

erra incognita[79 -  .].  ,  ,      ,      ,              .       ,     .   ,      ,    ,       ,  .

    ,                    .  ,   ,              .       ,       ,   ,           ,       [80 - -  .. .].

 ,            ,     .   ,       .

 .     ,              ,      ,  .

   ,   ,       :               ,         ?

 .         - , ,       -   -        .

 .       ,            . ,        ,        .      ,        .  ,        ,         ,      .

 .    .   : , , ,        , , , !         ,         ,         .  ,        ,          .    ? , !                  859          862 .

  (Fall Barbarossa[81 -  .]). ,   ,    , .      .    .    .        .

        ,               .

            ,              ,          .  ,       ,            ,        .

      ,  :    ,                 .

         ,                  .

   ,          .         .           (, ).

     ?

.        ,           ,            ,        ,     .

.                ,      .    ,   ,      ,      .          .

.       ( )    .

.         ,            .

.            (),   ,   ,       .           ,     ,     .

.         ,          ,  ,  .

.               ,                .             ,           ,       .

.      ,          ()   .

.     .

          ,      ,        !     ,       ,  -   ?




 II.   


,  . ,    (, , ), .   .          .      .  -     ,    - ,      .

    ,  ,      ,   ,        ?

,       ,       ,       859 ?

 ,     ,      ,                 ,   ,   ,      ,       .

 .    ,               .  ,         .

    ,    ( ).       ().

        ,    ,      .

    ,  ,     ,    ,  , ,      ,      .

    ,     ,   500-600 .       , ,    ,       .

      (),       ,  ,            .           ,     .

  ,                .

      ,   -            , ,  ,      .        ,     ,     .

                 .           .                 ,     .

 .   ,        ,        ,         (),     ,   .                ,           .            ,      .         ,     ,      ,  . ,       .              ,  ,           .  ,   ,      ,     ,     .

  , ,   ,       .    ,        :  ,   .        ,         .     .

            ,          .

       .      ,               .

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  ,                   ,             ,            .  ,             .

     .

 :      ,                .

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       ,              .   .

            ()      .

           ,          ,            ,    .

   ,                  ,      ,   -     -    ,             .        ,        .

 ,        .      ,             ,    .       ,                ,   ,    ,          ,    .

 ,                     . ,         ,   ,        .

 ,     ,                 .          .

   ,  ,     :         .     ,      .  ,  ,    ,           .           .

 ,       ,       ,          .           ,       .            ,    ,        :      .  ,             ( )   .             .

  ,    ,     (),        .       .

,  ,            .  ,        , ,  :         .          ,         ,   ,  ,      .

, ,         ,         ,   ,      ,   ,    ,        :          .  .

,  , ,   -          ,       ,   :      ;     ,     ,     ,      [82 -     ? ?;  ?   ,     ,   ?  ,      . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.].           .    ,                ,         .        (    )        ,     ,            ,     .

 .           ,   !       .    ,           ?          .   ,        . , ,               .  ,            .  , ,         .

       ,           ,  ,      .     ( )         (   ),            .

       ,       ,      ,    ,         (    ),     130    .         (120 ),   ,      (120 )         ,         ( 120 ), ,   ,             .

 ,        ,     ,    ,           .

 ,   ,         ?  ,      ,       .

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,    ,        ,      .

      ?  ,         [83 -  (  Jahrmarkt   )    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F)  ,     . .  ..    . .: , 2005. .432.],    ,     .

 ,           ,         .

, ,     .

   ,     ,       .     ,  ,    ,           ,     ,      .      .

 ,         :   4-5 ,    200  250 ,       .             ,  ,            .

 ,         .         ,              .

        .

       ,    ,   ,   ,   .

    ,   ,       :                ,      ,  ,  .

          ,   ,      .

   , ,        ,    ?

  ,     ,   ,      .

 ,  ,     ( 860  861 )    .     ,           [84 -   . .:  , 1990. .28.].

 , ,         ,         862 .   .  , ,    ,     , , ,      :   6370 (862 .).     ,     [85 -  ? 6370 (862 .).     ,     . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.]?

,  , ,    ,        ?      .        ,         ,   ,       ,               .  ,            . ,     .   -   ,            ,     .

,     :        ,       ,  .     ,        !   ,                   ,    .

,    ,    ,  ,              . ,  ,          ,        ,  . -     !

.         ?    ,              859   ?

 ,  ,         ,    ,         ,      .

    ,            ,    ,      ,     ,      .   ,    ,   ,       ?

  ,     ,          ,           .     -,   ( ).

           .     .

 ,   , ,   ,       .

      ;        !

-,        .   ,         ,         ,     .         ,  .

,        ,       .

             .

-,         ,      ,            .           859-862 ,            ,  ,  .

-,              ,     840  865 ,       ,   ,        .  , ,           [86 -  ..     : 250   //    . 1250   . (   ). ., 2003. . 45-57.].

-,     ,   ,      ,    ,    ,     .         ,    -            [87 -  ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982. .171.].

,     ,    .

 , ,     (  ),   ,  ,    ,   .

 ,     ,            ,        ?   -              .  !

-,        ,    .          ,       .  , ,      ,        .          ,         ,         .   ,         ,          .           .  ,           !

   ,             ,   . ,         .          ,    .

,           ?  ,     ,     ,        .




 III. ,    ,    !



. ,        ,          ,       ,               ,    .

 ,    ,              .

  ,        ,                 .     ,    ,        ,   ,    .

,   ,   ,            ,         .

 ,       ,      ,    ,    ,        859 .

   ,            859 .   : , , ,         ,   ,         , ,   ,     .

,   ,         -  ,  ,      ,      .    ,   ,      ,        ,         862 .

     ,       ,  :        ,       ,    - ,   ,       ,           ,                .         ,        ,    .  ,             859 .       ,   ,         . ?  ,     , ,          ,      ,        859 .

    ,           ,           ,        .     ,         ,          .    !




 I.   


,                .    -          ?

     ,       ,   .      .

  ,                  859 .

    ,      859-862 ,         ,                .

 .     ,     ,  ,   ,    : :     ,       ,  .       ,     ,     ,   , ,  ,   .   , ,   :     ,     ;      [88 -  :    ? ,   ?     ,  .       , i     ,     ,   , ,  ,   .   , ?,   :     ,     ?;     ? . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.]?

      ,        ,     ,              (    )   !          ,   983     [89 -   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC). , , . (http://old-earth.narod.ru/lib/slav/balt/Herrmann_J.htm)  . 343.],       .         !

      ,  ,   862         ,   862        .       ,         ,  ,   (     ,  ,  ,     ).        .   -   ,       ,     . ,     ,   ,           [90 -  ..  :   . .: , 2022.].     ?     !

.          :      [91 -     ? ?. .   . .:  , 1990. .28.].           ,      ,       862 ? ? ,   !    ,      859-862 ,      :   6367 (859 .)   ,   [92 -  ? 6367 (859 .)      .   . .:  , 1990. .28.].       ,    (?)   -  -.      ,     ,        -    - ,             (, , , , ).       ,    -  .  ,     . ,      ,   .

  ?    ,     ,          ,    ,    .

  ,        -, -    -    ,       ,     [93 -   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81),   , . 1, 16.    3-   5 (http://bse.uaio.ru/BSE/0501.htm).].

         :        -  -.  ,          .      ,        ,     [94 -      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0): 86 . (82 . 4 .). ., 18901907.].

 ,       .    -    -   -,   -.

   ,  ,   ,     ()  .     ,       ,      .

    ,         859  !   ,    ,           ,         .  ,       ,     ,           .

  ?        ,      ,     ,       ,   .

,       , ,   , ,  ,     .  ,     ,       ,       .

,        (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)   (   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C)     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%8C)), ,   ,    .       [95 - ,   -,     -, -.]  . ,       ,                .    ,      .       ,        ().           ,       ,           .  , ,  ,            ,     .      -         (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F),              (  ).  ,  ,   ,  -, -.

  ,   .         ,   ( )     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)     .

 ,     ,     :   ,  ,    ,        , , ,      .      ,       ,   ,   ,    ()    ,   .     ,    ( )  .        .     ()     (      )    (  ,    ).

 ,     ,         .  ,    .  ,      ? (),   ,      ,   ,  .  ,        ,     ,     ? ?          ,     ,      . ,    862        ,        ?   ..!

,         ,    ,      ,         (, , ).  ,    ,    ,       ?    ?     .  , !

  ,                     , ,   ,       .

  ,  ,     ,      ,   ,  ,       ,    ,              .  ,         ,     ?               ,   ?     , ,      , ,   .  ?

           859 .

      ,           ,             ,  862        .  ,      ,      .  ,  ( )    - , ,       ,       ,   .   (  ),    ,    (),     .   ,     ,       .

    ,     ;    ,    ,          859 ,     !

.        ,   .   ,   ,            ,     .    ,   ,         .

  ,        859-862 ,            .  ,  -    ,     ,        .       ,   ,     .

 ,  ,        ,    ,       :      ,   ,      ,   :   .        [96 -     ? ,    , ?  ??  ,   ?:   .        . .   . .:  , 1990. .24.].       ,   -   .

 ,  -  ,        ,    ,        .  ?

    ,           .   ,             (,     )      .

,     ,   ,  ,   ,          ,   .

        ;      ,  ,   ,   ,     .

      ; - ,  ,           .  , , ?




 II.     


 ,     ,          859-862 .

      ,       ,  ,   ,       ,    ,       .  ,  ,     ,      ,           .

 ,              .

   [97 -     ,             ,          ]   ,   ,             .

    ,          :               ,          .  , ,     ,        .

          .  ,      ,     ,           .  ,    ,      .

     ,         , ,         ,  ,      ,         ,    ,  , ,  ,  ,  ,  ,  ,     ,      ,       .

  ,   ,          ,       ,    .

   .    ,           , -          ,   ,      .

 ,         (),     (-            ,   )           .             .   ,         ,   -  .  ,       .

             .    ,    !

      ,                ,     .              ,  -    ,      ,    .         .

              ,    ,        .   ,    ,     ,       . ,      -  ,         ,  ,          .   , ,        ,        ,    .

,            .         .    ,       :   ,         .         512    ,         .

          .

  .  ( ),  ,            (    ),       .  ,          (          ),      .                     1812 .

 ,             ,               .

 ,      ,                  .

   ,   ,       ,         ,          .

          .




 III.       ?


      ,   , ,        ,     - .

     ,     ,        ,     ?

 , ,    ,     ,          .

 ,     .              (   ).     ,     ?     ,        ?  ,    ?




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/aleksey-lebedev-26632328/varyagi-novyy-vzglyad-na-staruu-problemu/)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


 ? 6367 (859 .).        ,   ?,   ?,   ?, ( ) :    ,   ?,   ,   ??  ??   .  ? 6368 (860 .).  ? 6369 (861 .).  ? 6370 (862 .).     ,     ,     ? ?. .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




2


         , ,   ,      .




3


 (https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C)//     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0): 86 . (82 . 4 .). ., 18901907.




4


        ,          ,       ( ,  ,  ,     )        .




5


  - .




6


 (?)   . ,            VIII  XI . .  .,  .,  . .  .   . .: , 2013. 448 .: .    . ISBN 978-5-699-63656-3 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/9785699636563).




7


? (https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/slovo_o_polku_igoreve/18/%D0%B1%D1%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0) ()  ?   :  i , ?    ,    ??  .   ?     ?  ?  ? ?    .




8


? ( (https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/10762/%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)).    .    ,      ,  ? .  ( ?)      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)   ,      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC),   1     1,37  ,    ?    0,68  .




9


  . .:  , 1990. .28.




10


  ?  : , , , ?, . .   . .:  , 1990. .8.




11


   ,      (),        ,    (Warmia;    Varmia,    Wormjan).     -   ,     ,  .        .   ..     . .    /  .. . .: . - " "; ; . - . . , 1935-1940. (4 .).

                ,           ,    -,     .       (Ormland)      .




12


   ,      ,          (  XII-XIV .).     . .  ..,  ..,  ..      . .:  , 1999. 608 . ISBN 5-88439-088-2.




13


 ( .-. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)Saga  , )  ,    ,    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F)  XIII (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA)XIV  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIV_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA) ,        (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F)   ,  ,  930  1030 ,    .         .




14


?      ? .   . .:  , 1990. .136.




15


 (.-. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA) ??????????  ??????  ,     ????? (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81)  , , )    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0) (-  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)),    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE) (  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC)    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)).      ,       ( )     .           . .  .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA,_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0),  .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) C- :      . .:   , 2005. 432 . ISBN 5-7695-1445-0 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/5769514450),  800(075.8),  8173.




16


  , .2. .:   , 1962. .990.




17


 .    :  4 .: . . Russisches etymologisches W?rterbuch/   .. . 4- ., . .:    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%A1%D0%A2_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)), 2004. .4. 860 . ISBN 5-17-018550-2 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/5170185502).




18


    ,    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4_(%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE))      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B)  XI .      ,       ,       XI .




19


     XII .




20


-.    // ..   .   . .:  , 1996.




21


 .. -  -    XI  XII  (http://annales.info/byzant/vasiljevsk/1_03.htm)// .. . . 1. ., 1908.




22


 .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)  1  XIX //   .       (http://www.e-reading.club/chapter.php/1039381/9/Fomin_-_Varyagi_i_varyazhskaya_Rus._K_itogam_diskussii_po_varyazhskomu_voprosu.html). .: , 2005. 123 . ISBN 5-93165-132-2 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3/5931651322).




23


 .. -  -    XI  XII  (http://annales.info/byzant/vasiljevsk/1_03.htm)// .. . . 1. ., 1908.




24


  , .2. .:   , 1962. .990.




25


 .         -                , 1854. .: https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-zen_doc/1856150/pub_5e85ffb57fb1f22617c591fe_5e85ffdd80638b5760d4b8b8/scale_2400 (https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-zen_doc/1856150/pub_5e85ffb57fb1f22617c591fe_5e85ffdd80638b5760d4b8b8/scale_2400)




26


 .        -. 1854 . .: https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-zen_doc/1856150/pub_5e85ffb57fb1f22617c591fe_5e85ffdd80638b5760d4b8b8/scale_2400 (https://avatars.mds.yandex.net/get-zen_doc/1856150/pub_5e85ffb57fb1f22617c591fe_5e85ffdd80638b5760d4b8b8/scale_2400)




27


      (http://www.bibliotekar.ru/rusTatishcev/32.htm)// ..  .   , 1768, 262.




28


 ..    // (http://norroen.info/src/konung/eymund/ru.html). . ., 1858, . 5




29


D.Parducci, Gli stranieri nellalto medioevo, Mirator 1 (2007), in Italian (http://www.glossa.fi/mirator/pdf/i-2007/glistranierinellaltomedioevo.pdf), English abstract (http://www.glossa.fi/mirator/pdf/i-2007/glistranierinellaltomedioevoabstract.pdf).




30


?   .     ?  ?    ? ,     ?        . .   . .:  , 1990. .8.




31


      , i     ,     ,   , ,  ,   . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




32


?   .    ? . .   . .:  , 1990. .8.




33


  ?  : , , , ?, . .   . .:  , 1990. .8.




34


     .




35


,     .




36


      , i     ,     ,   , ,  ,   . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




37


 ? 6367 (859 .)        ,   ?,   ?,   ?, ( ) :    ,   ?,   ,   ??  ??   . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




38


 ? 6367 (859 .)        ,   ?,   ?,   ?, ( ) :    ,   ?,   ,   ??  ??   . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




39


?     ,    ?,   ?,     .    ,  ?()   ? ?,  ?,  . .   . .:  , 1990. .124.




40


Ariste, Paul (1956). Maakeel ja eesti keel. Eesti NSV Teaduste Akadeemia Toimetised 5: 117-24; Beyer, J?rgen (2007). Ist maarahvas (Landvolk), die alte Selbstbezeichnung der Esten, eine Lehn?bersetzung? Eine Studie zur Begriffsgeschichte des Ostseeraums. Zeitschrift f?r Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung 56: 566593.




41


      ,      ,     .




42


 ..     .   13  2015    - (http://mumi-troll.ru/index.html). .

https://elementy.ru/nauchno-populyarnaya_biblioteka/432804/Iz_rasskazov_o_berestyanykh_gramotakh?story=2 (https://elementy.ru/nauchno-populyarnaya_biblioteka/432804/Iz_rasskazov_o_berestyanykh_gramotakh?story=2)




43


  . .:  , 1990. .28.




44


 ? 6367 (859 .).        ,   ?,   ?,   ?, ( ) :    ,   ?,   ,   ??  ??   .  ? 6368 (860 .).  ? 6369 (861 .).  ? 6370 (862 .).     ,     ,     ? ?. .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




45


       ??  ?. .  //      . .-.:    , 1950. .106.




46


 ? 6524 (1016 .)   p  :  , ,  ? .    4000:   ,   3000;    .   . .:  , 1990.




47


   , ?  ?   ;     ??,   10 ,    ?,    10  ?,    ? . .  //      . .-.:    , 1950. .175.




48


      -, ,   -.




49


    ,  ,    .       , ,      .




50


 (https://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C)//     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0): 86 . (82 . 4 .). ., 18901907.




51


: 6500 : 50 / = 130  .     .




52


 ( . (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)movere)     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C);   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F),    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA),   , ,  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8)  ;      .




53


     .




54


      .




55


  .




56


 .




57


   .




58


    ,        .




59


       ;   ()  -  ().        .




60


 ( , ,  , )   - (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0),   -   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F) (  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0)),   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C) ( 1920  1940 .     )   .         (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0)  .     10  13  ;    2010      214  ( 2002   250 ).   , ,  , seto rahvas. .: , . . http://www.finnougoria.ru/community/folk/section.php?ELEMENT_ID=2439&SECTION_ID=356 (http://www.finnougoria.ru/community/folk/section.php?ELEMENT_ID=2439&SECTION_ID=356)




61


 (. V?rumaa  V?rumaakond, . (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)V?romaa  V?ro maakund)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F),   -  .    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F),   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0).      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83).       (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)  4  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8).




62


,  ? (. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)P?lvamaa  P?lva maakond)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)  -  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F).     ,      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B0).      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0).   3 .




63


 (    . (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA)Tartu maakond)    15  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F).      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83).     8 : 1 - (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8)  7  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8).




64


 ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982. .171.




65


 ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982. .171.




66


    




67


    




68


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69


      VIII-IX       ,   IX,        ,          . .:  ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982.




70


 ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982. .171.




71


      vesi - .         ,         .    ,       ;  -  ()    (),           .




72


 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F))  - ,      -.         (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) -  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5),  IX (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/IX_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA)XIII  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIII_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA).        (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%88%D0%B0),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8)),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0)),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0))      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE).        0,63 ,  512 ,   .     ,     ,           .

         (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%8F) .           (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC)    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8C).   ,   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B),        (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA) . .:  .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0,_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0)     (http://www.vepsia.ru/history/index_his.php). vepsia.ru.




73


    ,     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D1%8C%D0%B5)     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C),      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F).. .  .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)       //  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8B_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F). 1996. 1. . 323.




74


          . .  ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982.




75


 ,   ,       . .  ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982.




76


 ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982. .171.




77


     . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




78


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79


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80


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81


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82


    ? ?;  ?   ,     ,   ?  ,      . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




83


 (  Jahrmarkt   )    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D1%8F)  ,     . .  ..    . .: , 2005. .432.




84


  . .:  , 1990. .28.




85


 ? 6370 (862 .).     ,     . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




86


 ..     : 250   //    . 1250   . (   ). ., 2003. . 45-57.




87


 ..    VI-XIII . .: - , 1982. .171.




88


 :    ? ,   ?     ,  .       , i     ,     ,   , ,  ,   .   , ?,   :     ,     ?;     ? . .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




89


  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%99%D0%BE%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC). , , . (http://old-earth.narod.ru/lib/slav/balt/Herrmann_J.htm)  . 343.




90


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91


    ? ?. .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




92


 ? 6367 (859 .)      .   . .:  , 1990. .28.




93


  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81),   , . 1, 16.    3-   5 (http://bse.uaio.ru/BSE/0501.htm).




94


     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B8_%D0%95%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0): 86 . (82 . 4 .). ., 18901907.




95


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96


    ? ,    , ?  ??  ,   ?:   .        . .   . .:  , 1990. .24.




97


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