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ISBN978-5-0056-4124-3

     Ridero


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  @2022byDAndrea & Partners.

    Eastant Communication & Events.

  .                  .



2022



       ,

:

FDI Foreign Direct Investments inBelarus;



:

FDI    ;

LLC   ;

FTZ    ;

IPR    ;

CCC   ;

ICWS Invest inChina: the Southwest;

:

Ƞ   ;

:

CO Vietnam Certificate ofOrigin Made inVietnam;

FDI Foreign Direct Investments inVietnam;

IZV Industrial Zones inVietnam;




 


Alibaba      B2B,    -[1 - www.mbalib.com].

Cross Border E-commerce (CBEC)  -     .

     .

     ()       .

 蠖 -  [2 -   ,  19 2015.     ,       ,        -  .].

 ⠗                .           ,    ,         70%  .

  ()   ,   ,    ,      ,       .

   ()    .     ( ,           ),     ,    .

  堖       (     7),  1 2019.

  蠖    ,    (    ),           -   -.          ,        .

   ,        .

Ҡ   ,   ,      C2C       ,          .

JD    -   3C ( ,  ,  )  B2C      -    .

 Ƞ     Π  .

 堖  ,      ,       (  ), (   )          .

Ҡ    .

Ϡ    ,    .

   /  ,       -.

   /   蠖    ,        -   -.

   ,     ,               , ,  , ...  ,  ,  ,    , ,   ..

Р   .

RMB (Renminbi)  ,    CNY.    ,   1 1948          .

Taobao  -    - ,   Alibaba  2003.

   蠖   ,        -  .

Tmall (   Taobao Mall)  -  ,  Taobao  - B2C ( ).

Tmall Global   ,   Alibaba 19 2014       -    .

Ymatou   ,  2009,      .




 


   (堖 )     DAndrea & Partners.



     ,         ,     ,   .   ,    - ,    ,       .




 1.       








         .   20162020  -        ,  20% 44% 2020[3 - www.statista.com].      ,     ,  , 2020        37,21  (4,84 )[4 - www.100ec.cn].     ,      .     ,   Alibaba JD,        .



 , ,   904  ,     31 ,      65% .  :     312 ,    90%[5 - www.forbes.com].



 ,  ,            ,       COVID-19.            ,    50%     [6 - www.forbes.com].



           ,    .    ,   ,   ,         ,   ,    -,     ,      .



 ,           ,    .            .



       ,       .        -       .




Taobao


  Taobao    2003  Alibaba Group[7 - Alibaba Group  1999   18   ,      ().      -         .],    eBay  Eachnet,       -, 180        C2C[8 -       C2C . 2.] ( ) .   Taobao     .     :  ,   ,  .         , Taobao        .



  Taobao  -   .   Alibaba 4 2020,       902,    䠖 779,      22   . Alipay       Alibaba,      Taobao       10.



 2020           . , Taobao Live Alibaba   80%   ,  12    Taobao Live  400  ( 52,5 ),  ࠖ 100%.    ZY (),         .        ,       .




Tmall


Tmall,  Taobao Mall,   Taobao,    .    Alibaba Group 2010      B2C[9 -       B2C . 2.] .        ,     ,  Taobao.            Tmall, Taobao,       .



   COVID-19Tmall Global [10 -       . 5.] B2C  Tmall       .  31 2020     Tmall Global  60%,     [11 -     (GMV)    ,    .          ,   .] Tmall Global  37%     . ,         Tmall Global,    .    ,     [12 -            .     .  ,     ,    : ,  .  ,         .   1    , , , .],      , Tmall Global        .




Alibaba.com


Alibaba.com   ,     Alibaba Group,    Taobao Tmall.



 Alibaba.com   1999      - ,  .           B2B[13 -       B2B . 2.] .   , Alibaba.com 2020   150000    10000000 ,    190   .




JD.com


JD.com    B2C . JD.com  1998  -  .  2014 JD.com  1,78        (IPO) Nasdaq.    JD.com 3   ,  3000  40000 . JD.com  11-     -   .



 2008,  Tmall, JD.com       B2C.  ,  Tmall       , JD.com -           .



JD.com     3C,   ,   .   JD.com    ,      JD.com.     JD.com         .



   JD.com  Walmart     ,    -.    JD.com         .  2020      JD Daojia  JD.com  21,3  ( 2,7 ),  102,9%    ,      37,3 ,  77,1%   .




Pinduoduo


 Pinduoduo   2015        ,       . Pinduoduo   4,        1  ( 130 ),  :    , Alibaba  14,  JD.com 19.



     Pinduoduo.       ,     ,      ,      .        .          Pinduoduo.



Pinduoduo  ,      . Ӡ        ,  ,     .  Pinduoduo     ,     ,   .



   Pinduoduo ,   2020      788,4,  35%   2019 (585,2). ,   Pinduoduo   Taobao (780 2020).         Alibaba   9076 ( 1183), Pinduoduo  2115,2 ( 275,85).




Douyin


Douyin    - ,   TikTok. Douyin      . ByteDance,  Douyin,  2020        .



  ByteDance,  ,  ,      Douyin       .  ,       Douyin     Douyin   .   2020  - Douyin  500  ( 65 ),         2019.




Xiaohongshu (  )


Xiaohongshu       ,        , , ,   .        2013.   2020 Xiaohongshu,      ,   300  .    Xiaohongshu  .  Xiaohongshu       ,         .




VIP.com


VIP.com  -  ,  - .   2008,       .



   , , ,   . VIP.com    30000,    2200    -. - VIP.com      +    +  .         70%,     .    -,       .   ,  , ,    , ,  ,  ..  ⠖   ,   Nike, Dior .    10:0020:00 ,    ,          .     VIP.com  Douyin:          ,     .




Tencent


Tencent Holdings Ltd. (   Tencent)    ,  1998  ,  ,  ,    .



Tencent      Tencent QQ        WeChat,    - QQ.com. WeChat           ,          -,     ,  WeChat.



  2020 Tencent   Minishop ,        WeChat,  ,  ,    .




Weidian (   WeChat)


Weidian     WeChat[14 -  ,  Weidian   Tencent    WeChat. Weidian      -,   WeChat.] ,  2014. Weidian   :      - ().   -⠖  ,       .    Weidian   90  . Weidian   ,    ,  ,   .




Meituan


Meituan (   Meituan Dianping)  -,     ,    .  Meituan    2010 .  2018 Meituan     Mobike (  Meituan Bike).



   Meituan      ,   320     4   2800.




DiDi Chuxing


DiDi Chuxing     - ,   550    . ,    2012,      ,   ,  , ,  ,  .



DiDi         ,   ,   .




 2.  Ƞ     





   


    ,  /      ,      .         .



    (B2B)

   B2B   ,       .       ,     ,  ,    ,   -   -    [15 - , Alibaba    B2B.].



     (B2C)

  B2C    ,       ,    ,        ( )  [16 - , JD Tmall    B2C.].

    (C2C E-Commerce)

C2C E-commerce      ,          .    C2C  :  ( )   / - -  C2C,     /   [17 - , Taobao, Ebay    C2C.].




    


 ,        9 1995[18 - www.wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/??] ,    (??)      -,      .   ,       [19 -         19961998,        .],      . Ѡ        20,       :



  1995. 1999.

        ,       .

 1999      -   ,   8848, Ctrip, Ebay, Alibaba, Dangdang.  , 1999       - ,        .

  2000. 2002.

ʠ2000  -      ,      .  -  -  1995. 2001[20 - www.investopedia.com] .  -  .

  2003. 2008.

      ,  ,   .  -      . ,  2003  Alibaba  Taobao,    C2C.   2003  www.hc366.com   GEM[21 - GEM      ,  Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited.] ,      B2B ,  2004 -   JD.   2007  www.alibaba.com         .

       ,      .   2004           .   2005                (Guo Ban Fa [2005] No. 2).   2007                        ,          .  2007       - (  )     .          -.

 ,           -         .         -  -.  2007   -   56,1  (7,15 ). Ѡ -         ,   , - -.

  2009. 2013.

ʠ 2008     - .        (CNNIC),   2008       253,           . ,  ,      .  2010             .  ,         .

  2010  Mecox Lane[22 - Mecox Lane      ,  .]     NASDAQ[23 - NASDAQ  ()   ,   .],     Dangdang[24 - Dangdang  -   ,     www.Amazon.com]  -  .  2012 - Taobao   Tmall   .    Vipshop   -  .  2012   Taobao Tmall  1  (0,13 ).  2013  Alibaba, Yintai, Fosun, Fuchun, SF Express     Cainiao Logistics    ,   810      30  ( 3,82 ),    24   .




 :      (2013.)


Ѡ2013              .



 2020         36,03  (4,68 ),  4,3% ,   [25 -    www.zgxxb.com.cn].     ,  ,  ,      .



      ,   Tmall JD,     ,     .



  Double Eleven Tmall 11








   Double Eleven/Double 11[26 -    -,  11  ;     -,  Taobao Mall (Tmall) 11 2009.]   -,  Tmall 11 2009   -.  Double Eleven  .     ,       .  2019  1 36 -  10  (1,27 ),  0:00:0012 2019    268,4  (34,2 ).).  0:00:0012 2020    ,  372,3  (47,45 ).



  JD 618118








  - JD  18   -,    JD 618.   0:001 0:0018 2019     -  201,5  (25,68 ),  750   .  2020     ,       228,49  (  29,12 ) 0:001 00:0018 2020.



  ,       ,       12,9  (1,68 ) 2020,  19,4%    . Ѡ      -, ,     .



   蠖  




    


      -,          .      -     ,     (      ).



            . Ѡ2020              .



 45-     ,      ,   2020         265,   37,2%  -.




     










    


          ,    . -     .  2020  -      .    2021         - 2021,     -   900  ( 114,67 ). 24 2021      - ,       14-  [27 -       ,       ,     https://www.litres.ru/karlo-diego-d-andrea/pryamye-inostrannye-investicii-v-kitae/]          .  ,      ,   ,      .




 3.      





      


      - ,    -.       1 2019.     ,      :

  2013   12-                .

  2017       .  1-     ,     -,      .

  2018         3-  13-   .       ,   ,    .

  2018       .           ( )   - DiDi[28 -   DiDi . 1.].

    . 28 2018                 -   -.

1 2019      .

    228 ,  -     , : 1, 11  216 .




       


             , ,    ,   - .



      89,     :

 

   ,     ,    .        ,         .

 ()

       ,  ,  ,   ,   ,    . ,             ,     .

 

          , ,  ,  ,  ,     ,     ,   ,    ,    ,           .

            .




    


      ,     ,  , ,   .   - ,       :




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   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=67618394)  .

      Visa, MasterCard, Maestro,    ,   ,     ,  PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI ,       .



notes








1


www.mbalib.com




2


  ,  19 2015.     ,       ,        -  .




3


www.statista.com




4


www.100ec.cn




5


www.forbes.com




6


www.forbes.com




7


Alibaba Group  1999   18   ,      ().      -         .




8


      C2C . 2.




9


      B2C . 2.




10


      . 5.




11


    (GMV)    ,    .          ,   .




12


           .     .  ,     ,    : ,  .  ,         .   1    , , , .




13


      B2B . 2.




14


 ,  Weidian   Tencent    WeChat. Weidian      -,   WeChat.




15


, Alibaba    B2B.




16


, JD Tmall    B2C.




17


, Taobao, Ebay    C2C.




18


www.wiki.mbalib.com/wiki/??




19


        19961998,        .




20


www.investopedia.com




21


GEM      ,  Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited.




22


Mecox Lane      ,  .




23


NASDAQ  ()   ,   .




24


Dangdang  -   ,     www.Amazon.com




25


   www.zgxxb.com.cn




26


   -,  11  ;     -,  Taobao Mall (Tmall) 11 2009.




27


      ,       ,     https://www.litres.ru/karlo-diego-d-andrea/pryamye-inostrannye-investicii-v-kitae/




28


  DiDi . 1.


