Content

1. Introduction

2. Structure Principle

3. Valency

4. The Figures

4.01 Hydrogen

4.02 Helium

4.03 Lithium

4.04 Beryllium

4.05 Boron

4.06 Carbon

4.07 Nitrogen

4.08 Oxygen

4.09 Fluorine

4.10 Neon

4.11 Sodium

4.12 Magnesium

4.13 Aluminium

4.14 Silicon

4.15 Phosphorus

4.16 Sulfur

4.17 Chlorine

4.18 Argon

5. Biography

6. Literature

Imagine Checkerboard-like Atoms!

An Atom Picture Book of the 1-3rd Period of PSE

Helmut Albert

Imprint

Cover picture: Oxygen and nitrogen atoms

Concept, texts and illustrations:

Translated from german: deepl.com

© Copyright: Helmut Albert. January 2021

Publisher: Helmut Albert

Talstraße 63, 79102 Freiburg / Germany

hm.albert@t-online.de

Internet: www.protonneutron.org

Introduction

What is valid for the basic form of the earth, must not be

valid also for the basic form of the atoms. Namely, the assumption that they have a spherical shape. Why should atoms not form flat particle systems, similar to molecular carbon layers. Also in the case of graphene, a single-layer structure of a crystal lattice by carbon atoms was considered impossible for a long time. But it has been shown that enormous forces can act in one plane. One must also assume that the molecular structure is already predetermined by the basic shape or structure of a carbon atom. However, particle physicists do not seem to agree with this idea. Atomic and nuclear physicists still assume that atoms have the shape of a sphere! On the other hand they see the atomic nucleus as a collection of nucleon pairs. In particular with nucleon pairs the nuclear