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ISBN978-5-0053-2026-1 (. 3)

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,  ,      .      ,  ,   ,     ( )     .

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 ,    ,      (,   , 1991),  19021911         .    1906:   768 820.  .



 

  1906     ,           .     .    .

     -.   1901,    1904   . Ƞ   -  .  ,  . ,     .   .

   ,     . Ƞ     .  .     Ը .

Ը ,       ,   , ,  ,        ,     ,    .      , ,       (... , , 1990). :  .     ,     .



 

*  (18771906)    ,  ,  -,  ,  ,        .   ,     ,    .        ,     ... 22 1906       .  .



*Ը  (  )   ,     -.     ...   1906             (  )  .. .      .      ,     .



* (1847-?)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C) (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C) ,    ,  -  18771878,  . 6(19)  1902  -.

14(27)  1907     . ,       ,     ,     .

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        ,   ,  -   .    ,    ,    .      .    ,   ,  ,  ,  ,  ,      ,   ,  ,  ,  ,    - . , ,   , , ,  .    : Ը ,    .

     ,    ,  1905      .      .  . Ƞ-    .   .       .       1902    6300頖     .

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*  (18831908)  ,    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2). Ѡ      .   ,        .       -⻠ .      - ,        .  .

   , 6(19)  1903,    ,    .  ,    ,      .    ,   ,   .     ,    .         .

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        .  1904       ...

  1905  17       .       ,   :       .   ,     .



* (1856 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1856)1903 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903)) - .         , - ,    .



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*  (1844 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1844_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1929 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929))  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)  -,   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8),     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%84%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8).        (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)18821883.

  .  -,     ().  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9), - (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C)- (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D1%83-%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%8F).    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB)(),      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)..

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* (1873-?) ,    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2),      .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5,_%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87).      ,   -.. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81,_%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87),  .   1905,    -  7  .        ,    .



*  (1850 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1850_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1916)   -  18771878.13(25)  1888  - , 6(18)  1895ࠖ   . Ƞ -      .    ,  .      .  19 1905   .



* ? (1842 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1842_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1921)    ,    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C)(18881897),   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)(18971905),      (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8),  -(19051910). - (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB).

 1862    , 1868-젖   .  1870   .       -  .       . ¸   ,     .  , , , , .

  1878      -  .       .

.        9.         ,, ,   ,    ,     ,   ,     ,   ,     (堖  )   ,      .

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   .  .     1910,    68



* (1858 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1858_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1910 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4))   (19051906).     a a (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87).  -  18771878.

  ,      .     1905,        .        .    1906  .



*ϸ (18771955)    ,        .

    1905   ࠖ   ,     ,  .     .

    (      )  9  .         ,  .   ,      .

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  ,        .        ,    .     ,    .  1896      .

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  .  . 40   ,    .        1905     젖 ,   .    1905.

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29 (11) 1902      , ,  252-         ,    ,     堖  14.         .     .

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   . -        ,     ,  .     .    .

,    ,     .       .    .    , 젖 .  -  ,    ,    .   ,  -    . Π    .

Ѡ     12.    1917 ,      .    1934.      .

      ,    .      .   1955.



*  (18671905)     19031905.   .   . 20 1896    .       .         .      ,          .   ,          ,  ,   .  ,          ,    ,  .    ,      ,       .

  2829 1905   ,    .   ,    , ,       .      .  ,     .    .



*  (18821905) ,  . .      ,   ,   .      :  , , ,     ,   ,            .

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    ⠖     .



 

*Ը  (1845 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1845_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1912)  -  ,  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB).  - (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%8B)     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B5_(1905)) 1905.      ,   .     .

     , 23 1906 12 ,      ,     .     ,  ,      .

  1906    -. 2 1906,   , Ը     ,  .  .  (),     -,   13  ,   .     ,  .       .



*  (1866 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1866)-1906)    .   - .      .   1905    .     .

    1905 - ..   -   .     .   23 1906.



* - (18811906) ,   ...   ,    .          ...        .



 

   35,           .      .

    .     .  1898        .   . 2(15)  1902  ,     -, 2(15)      -     .    ,    ,    ,  ,  ,  . ,     , 頖  (,    1996  10 ).   .

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    .     :   ,   ,     .       ,     .         ,      -  ,              ,         .   ,  ,      ,   ,       ().

,   .    .  II         (   )    .      -  Ը,      , Ը       .

      ࠖ ,      .         ,  .         ,  ,    , ,    .      ,    ..,   :   .         ,             ,     ,   .  ,               ,      (Ը .    .    . . -, 1986, .19)..

  -  :    ,       .    ,       ,     :    ;    .     ,   ,    .          ,     . Ƞ  ! (..Ӡ, 19041910.  .  .    .... ,   , 19791981).

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ʠ  ,   ,   ,   ,         ,      .    ,    .     ,   30.     .  30        ,      ,   ,  ,  ,   , ,  ,     (Ը .    .    . . -, 1986, .19).

   .              ,   1905    ,      . ,        ,  .

Ѡ  ..     .     ,         ,  .



 

*  (1857 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1857_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1905)  -. -  18771878,   .       .

       .       II,  ,  1389 1300  .       .

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  ,        . , , ,    ,      ,  ,      .    ..,        ,        Ը (..  . , 1938).

     ..     :  ,  ,   ,       ,      ,  Ը,   ,   ,   ,  (.. .     i  II. , 1912).

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* (1854 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1854)1939 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939))  ,  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82); - (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB-%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82).   -  .  -  18771878.    . 6(19)  1902  -.  19001916      .

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* (1867 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1867)-1916))  - ;  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_I_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0) (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8)    .  1887    ,  -   ,   .  1891  .  18921897    ,     .

 - . 28 (10) 1906  I . 19 (1) 1906       ,      , ,  ,        ;   .

  (      )   3     .

Ѡ1914  1915-    - .

21 1916   ;      .



*  (1879 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1879_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1925 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1925_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4))     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2),   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2).   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C).

      ,   ,     .  1897      .  1898  -   蠫 .    .  1901  ,  .   1903    ,       .       .

      ,    .  1906        ..      ,  , ࠖ ..  1909    ,      , 1914  ,  .      ,    ,     .

    1908 ,             ,     (        ).

  1917      :      - .      .       .            (     )      .

27 1917               .     , 30  ,     .

          .  ,     9 1917.

   .      .       .  -1918       (   800).       ,    .    1918   ,     .   .

      ,    1918    ,  .    .    1919.      ,    .   3-     .     .

   1924    ,       -2.. 16   .         .

          .       10.

 , 7 1925      .     .  ,     .



*  (1877 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1877_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1957 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957))  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F) (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C) ,      . .         .



*  (18741948)        (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D0%B5).    . ,    ,  .   .

 1946   ,  .



* (18751933)  ,   , , . Ѡ 1917  1929ࠖ   , .  ,            .      . ,    .      .    ,      .   ,   ,  ,  ,     8-   .      ! ʠ,    .



*  (18731924)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA) (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8D%D1%82),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BA),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4).    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC).

    .       .       .



* (1864 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864)-1928)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8)19021905.      .     .    ,    .  1896      , 1899 , 1900   .  1902    .   ,        .

   .  1904      ..,  1904  1905     .            .          4(17)  1905     .

   .     .   ,     ,   ,     ,             .    . 27 (9) 1905        .

      ,   ,     .   1906      ..,   ,         ,            ..  .     (     ),      ,  .    ,  ,   .

   ,  ,   ,         .    ,  1907.

..     ..,         .          .   ,        .          ,     .

   ,  ,  .       (  ).   1909   .         5      .

      ;     , 1920 -  . ,   .



* Ը(1864 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1864)-1918) - (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD);     (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%85). -  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D0%BE-%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C) (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0).  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C)1992.

     - IV,   . Ÿ    ,  1894,    Ը.

    Ը      ,     III.     ,  .

Ӡ   Ը   ,      ,    ,  ,  .

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4(17)  1905    .  Ը    .  -  .   ,        . Ѹ     .

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 ,  Ը   :   ,  ,   ,   ,   ꠖ     ,    .

   Ը    ,  ,   .     ,    ,     .

    1915       ,     - ,     .  1916          ,       .     .       ,      . 7 1918     


...      ,         .   1918        ,   .   18 1918    .               Ը .   ,  ,  .



*   (18971918)      II,     II..    20. ,        ,      . ,    .   ,   ,  .

           (     )  1915,   II   ࠖ  ࠖ ,      .

Ѡ     .    ,  .      .    .

     .  1915    -    ,    .         .

      .   .    ,  1917:      1917    ?    ,      ,     ,   .  ,    , , ,     ,     ,     ,      ?         . ,  ,         (... . . ,   , 1996).

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               (18531935),    .        .        ,     .   .         ,   .        19161919.  2005    .



*  (18621909)   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8)1905.    .        . Ѡ 1896       ,   1905    .      ,  29   II   .17 1909      -.



* (18691932) (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1869_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)   .      .     :   ,      .  ,     ,    .   !     .

  , ,  .    , ,    ,  .      .

     .     .     1917.

     .17 1922   .     ,       ...    ,  ,     .



* (1866 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1866)-1939 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939))   . ʠ      ,    .     .     ,      ,        .  1917 .

   .   , 9 1938  73  .   .



* (1871 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1871_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1931 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4))  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82),  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82).      .    -.       .   ,   .



*   (1833 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1833)-1912 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1912))    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F) (18641867) ,   (18671878).        (  ).   ,         ,  , ..,  ,        .  ,      -   .  .



*  (18421899)    . 29 (10 1881ࠖ  ,   -,  .



*  (18461901)    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8)(18981901),    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%9C%D0%A3).           (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_1899_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0)             .

     ,       ,    ,     2 1901,  16  .



*ϸ  (1874 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1874_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1917 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1917_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4))  , .  1899  .  .     ,    .   : ,     .        ,      ,   . Ƞ   (....  . 1927....  . 1927, 6(35).

17(30)  1901   .    20  .  1907   ,    .  ,        (   ).  1908         II.    ,   ,  .

      .  ,   ,     13 1917,  .



*ϸ -(1857 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1857)-1914)    (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8)   26 (8) 190418(31)  1905). -  18771878.  1900     ..     .     .  1902    .    .

        .   蠖  ..16(29) ,    ,   , , , :      ,               .         ,          (...   . , , 2007).

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*Ը  (18571918)  .     , .  .

  -  18771878.  1905    - (   ).    .       .    .     ,    ,      .

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,  ..   -    .   - , ,     ,    (,   ),       .



*(  ; 1865 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1865_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1925)    .     -     . 11 1888  -       ,    . 141898    .      -  ().  1905      .

25(7) 1907   , ,  .       . 9(22)  1917  ,  :   .      .            (  , 1917,4).

  1917       , 堖 .

     .     ,    ,       ,     . 19 (1) 1918     ,    .      II.

      .    ,     .        .     -         ,   ,    ,   .  ,         , 10(23) ,    ,       ,        . Ѡ  ,      (    ,       . , -  , 1994).

   .   ,           .   22 1922     :   .   :   Ӡ,       ,                 ,       ().

51922   .     .     ,    .  ,   .    6 1923  : 11        .     .

19       .   .   16            ⠫    (, 1922, 27).

25  .   .  ,   (   ),    ,         .15 1922 ⻠    ,         .     . ʠ 1922      30    .     .

  ,  1923 ,     3       .  . 1 1923    , 15                   .

    .   1925      , ,  ,   . 21    .   ⠫            ,       ,      .     .

      . 7 1925    ,     .



* (   ),   ,       ,   , 19021906    .



*   (  )       .      .



*  (19371906)      ,     .



 

    .  1(13)  1881    :     ,    , 1(13)  1886,      III,  .   . ,       ,  8(20)   .

   .     .    堗     , ,    () .            .    6 1903,  1905  ,   .      ,       ..    .    .    ϸ ,  , ϸ ,  ,  ,  ,   , ,  , ,   ,     .        -,  ,  .

  .   ( )      71. ,  ,  ,    .  ,    .

  ? ,    ? . ʠ,  ,      .  , .    젖  . Ƞ  .   .

  ,     ,   .   ()    ,     ,  ,   ();    . (..   : . , 1928; ..  . ., 1927; ... .    , 1923, 71924,1).



 

*  (1879 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1879_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1910) .. (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5,_%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87).    ,  .  ,   , ,  ,   , .  , ,  ,    ,  .      ,  ,   .         .   -, ,    ..,  ,    

  ,  .         .  , ,  ,           .     帻 (... , , 1990).

   ,       ,          ⠖   ,     1011,   .  ,    ,       ,     -      .          (    . . . . . ,    , 1919).

     .    .   ,       ,     ,    .

      .   1901         , .   .  1904  ..     .

      , ,   .         .    1905    .

 1907    .       .          ...   , ,      젖  ,   .      , 27 (10) 1910  .

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*  (18851968)     .  -, -, , ,  (    ).      -.

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* (  ;18871941)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD))    .        .      . .



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* (1842 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1842_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1904)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82),   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4), ,  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA).  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE).

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* (1879 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1879_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4)-1909 (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4))  - (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2-%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2))   ,        (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5,_%D0%92%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C)  (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87).  ,   ,  , ,       ,   ,   . ,    , ,  ,   (... , , 1990).

       ,        .   1905          -.           .      .



*  (;? -1909)     1906,          .  .   ,    .



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