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2)   ,   ;

3)   ;

4)        ,     ;

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Unit1


1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:

1) image , 

2) inasense  

3) condensation-  (),  ()

4) modification 

5) creative skills - 

6) precise set  

7) release- 

8) inparticular 

9) substantive , 

10) copy editor  

11) tooverlap- 

12) layout ,  

13) house style  ,  

14) inclusion 

15) sub-editor-  

16) production editor   ( ,   ,   )

17) editor-in-chief  

18) editor at-large   

19) anthology , 

20) compilation , 

21) edition 

22) makeup editor  

23) sponsoring editor -

24) acquisitions editor  

25) commissioning editor  

26) ghost writing   

27) substantive editor  

28) content 

29) editorial  

30) encompass 

31) inconcert 

32) toset 

33) tochair 

34) ombudsman ,   ()

35) city editor    

36) copy desk 

37) opt-ed  

38) wire media    

2. Read the text below and retellit:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editing)

WHAT IS EDITING

Editing is the process ofpreparing language, images, sound, video, or film through correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications invarious media. Aperson who edits is called an editor. Inasense, the editing process originates with the idea for the work itself and continues inthe relationship between the author and the editor. Editing is, therefore, also apractice that includes creative skills, human relations, and aprecise set ofmethods.

Print media

There are various levels ofeditorial positions inpublishing. Typically, one finds junior editorial assistants reporting tothe senior-level editorial staff and directors who report tosenior executive editors. Senior executive editors are responsible for developing aproduct toits final release. The smaller the publication, the more these roles run together. Inparticular, the substantive editor and copy editor often overlap: fact-checking and rewriting can be the responsibility ofeither.

Newspaper and wire services copy editors correct spelling, grammar, and matters ofhouse style, design pages and select ofnews stories for inclusion. At UK and Australian newspapers, the term is sub-editor. They may choose the layout ofthe publication and communicate with the printer aproduction editor. This and similar jobs are also called layout editor, design editor, news designer, or more so inthe past makeup editor. Magazine editors include atop-level editor may be called an editor-in-chief. Frequent and esteemed contributors toamagazine may acquire atitle ofeditor at-large or contributing.

Inthe book publishing industry, editors organize anthologies and other compilations, produce definitive editions ofaclassic authors works (scholarly editor); and organize and manage contributions toamulti-author book (symposium editor or volume editor). Finding marketable ideas and presenting them toappropriate authors: asponsoring editor. Obtaining copy or recruiting authors such as: an acquisitions editor or acommissioning editor for apublishing house. Improving an authors writing so that they indeed say what they mean tosay inan effective manner asubstantive editor. Depending on the writers competence, this editing can sometimes turn into ghost writing. Substantive editing is seldom atitle. Many types ofeditors do this type ofwork, either in-house at apublisher or on an independent basis. Changes tothe publishing industry since the 1980s have resulted innearly all copy editing ofbook manuscripts being outsourced tofreelance copy editors.

Executive editor

The top editor sometimes has the title executive editor or editor-in-chief. This person is generally responsible for the content ofthe publication. The exception is that newspapers that are large enough usually have aseparate editor for the editorials and opinion pages inorder tohave acomplete separation ofits news reporting and its editorial content.

The executive editor sets the publication standards for performance, as well as for motivating and developing the staff. The executive editor is also responsible for developing and maintaining the publication budget. Inconcert with the publisher and the operating committee, the executive editor is responsible for strategic and operational planning.

Newspapers

Editors at newspapers supervise journalists and improve their work. Newspaper editing encompasses avariety oftitles and functions. These include:

 Copy editors

 Department editors

 Managing editors and assistant or deputy managing editors (the managing editor is often second inline after the top editor)

 News editors, who oversee the news desks

 Photo or picture editors

 Section editors and their assistants, such as for business, features, and sports

 Editorial Page Editor who oversees the coverage on the editorial page. This includes chairing the Editorial Board and assigning editorial writing responsibilities. The editorial page editor may also oversee the op-ed page or those duties are assigned toaseparate op-ed editor.

 Top editors, who may be called editor inchief, executive editor or sometimes just editor

 Readers editors, sometimes known as the ombudsman, who arbitrate complaints.

 Wire editors, who choose and edit texts from various international wire services, and are usually part ofthe copydesk

 Administrative editors (who actually dont edit but perform duties such as recruiting and directing training).

The term city editor is used differently inNorth America and South America, where it refers tothe editor responsible for the news coverage ofanewspapers local circulation area (also sometimes called metro editor), than inthe United Kingdom, where it refers tothe editor responsible for coverage ofbusiness inthe City ofLondon and, byextension, coverage ofbusiness and finance ingeneral.

3. Answer the following questions:

1. What is editing? What can be edited?

2. What do the editors in- chief do? What is their main responsibility?

3. Who is responsible for news-paper layout?

4. Who answers the complaints?

5. What does asubstantive editor usually do and why do they hire such editors?

6. What is the copy desk staff?

7. Why is it necessary tosupervise journalists and who supervises them inthe newspaper?

8. What can you tell about the duties ofaproduction editor?

9. What does the city editor do inthe USA and theUK?

10. Who is responsible for developing and maintaining the publication budget?

4. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Editing is the process ofpreparing language, images, sound, video, or film through correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications invarious media.

2. Editing is, therefore, also apractice that includes creative skills, human relations, and aprecise set ofmethods.

3. Typically, one finds junior editorial assistants reporting tothe senior-level editorial staff and directors who report tosenior executive editors.

4.. Inparticular, the substantive editor and copy editor often overlap: fact-checking and rewriting can be the responsibility ofeither.

5. Newspaper and wire services copy editors correct spelling, grammar, and matters ofhouse style, design pages and select ofnews stories for inclusion.

6. Inthe book publishing industry, editors organize anthologies and other compilations, produce definitive editions ofaclassic authors works (scholarly editor); and organize and manage contributions toamulti-author book (symposium editor or volume editor).

7. The executive editor sets the publication standards for performance, as well as for motivating and developing the staff. The executive editor is also responsible for developing and maintaining the publication budget.

5. Give the English equivalents from the text given above:

 ;  ,  ,  ;    ;    ;  ;  ;  ;     ; -,  ,   ;  ;   ();  ;   ;  ;  ; -;  ;  ;   ;  ;    .

6. Fill inthe gaps with the words from the text:

1. __________ who may be called editor inchief, executive editor or sometimes just editor.

2. __________ sets the publication standards for performance, as well as for motivating and developing the staff.

3. Typically, one finds junior editorial __________ reporting tothe senior-level editorial staff and directors who report tosenior executive editors.\

4. Editing is the process ofpreparing language, __________, sound, video, or film __________ correction, condensation, organization, and other modifications invarious media

5. Obtaining copy or recruiting authors such as: an __________ editor or a__________ editor for apublishing house

7. Translate the following sentences into English:

1.       ,  ,  ,   .

2.    , , ,  , .

3.         .

4.      ,   .        .

5.     .

6.        .

7.          ,    ,      .

TEXT2

1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:

1) editing- 

2) toadjust , 

3) required 

4) toimply 

5) accuracy 

6) topertain 

7) relevant 

8) terminology 

9) toadapt , 

10) , 

11) inaccuracies , 

12).detangle- 

13) confusion- , 

14) wording 

15) product  

16) infrequent  

17) labor input 

18) proofreading ,  ,  

19) mission-critical  

20) legal 

21) benefit 

2. Read the text below and retellit:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editing)

TEXT EDITING

Text editing is the processing oftext information inorder toadjust it as required. Editing can be technical or stylistic.

Editing oftranslations is usually performed bynative speakers or professional translators with avast working knowledge. The work ofan editor implies checking the content and terminology reproduction, and the adequacy oftext style, making corrections as required.

The editor works tospecify and unify the terms, concepts, and definitions used inatext and pertaining toarelevant branch ofeconomy, knowledge, science, or technology. He or she prepares subject reviews, annotations and abstracts, using foreign-language sources ofscientific and engineering information.

It is easier for an editor toadapt tosimilar mistakes or inaccuracies. It is somewhat more difficult todetangle aconfusion ofterminology or text presentation, as there are numerous ways tocorrectly express one and the same idea, and atranslator cannot be required tomatch an expected wording.

It is worth pointing out here that translation ofatext into aforeign language is but one component ofthe end product. It is not infrequent that the translation itself, bythe labor input, accounts for just 30 35% ofthe total work content. Inaddition, atext undergoes avariety ofother operations, including quality control which involves editing and proofreading, the more so with mission-critical texts, such as engineering materials or legal documents. Ingeneral, any document will benefit from asecond look, inaddition tothat ofatranslator.

3. Answer the following questions:

1. What is text editing?

2. What does the work ofan editor imply?

3. Why is it necessary tounify and specify the terms?

4. Inwhat branches the unifying ofthe terminology is mission-critical?

5. How much is the translation inthe end product?

6. Why is it so important for an editor tohave knowledge indifferent branches ofeconomy and science?

7. What does the editor also prepare?

4.Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Text editing is the processing oftext information inorder toadjust it as required. Editing can be technical or stylistic

2. The work ofan editor implies checking ofthe content and terminology reproduction, and the adequacy oftext style, making corrections as required.

3. The editor works tospecify and unify the terms, concepts, and definitions used inatext and pertaining toarelevant branch ofeconomy, knowledge, science, or technology

4. It is easier for an editor toadapt tosimilar mistakes or inaccuracies.

5. It is worth pointing out here that translation ofatext into aforeign language is but one component ofthe end product. It is not infrequent that the translation itself, bythe labor input, accounts for just 30 35% ofthe total work content.

6. Atext undergoes avariety ofother operations, including quality control which involves editing and proofreading, the more so with mission-critical texts, such as engineering materials or legal documents

7. Ingeneral, any document will benefit from asecond look, inaddition tothat ofatranslator.

5. Give the English equivalents from the text given above:

  ;   ;   ;    ;   ;   ; ;   ;   ;   ;  () ;   ;  ,  ,  .

6. Translate the following into English:

1.            .

2.          ,  .

3.      .

4.        .

5.   堖      3035% .

6.    ,     .

7.        ,     .

7. Compose the dialogues on the topics:

1) The preparing ofaprogramme on TV. You are editing the script and discuss with the chief editor

2) Explain toyou friend what processing ofthe literary text and translations means.

3) What is the usual staff ofacopy desk.
































Unit2


1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:

1. ezine  

2. subscriber 

3. opt-in 

4. submission 

5. handy ,  

6. heart-

7. checklist , 

8. startling fact 

9. introduction  

10. submit  

11. tips- 

12. yawn 

13. on track-  

14. compelling  

15. tougher 

16. coach 

17. tip 

18. tocompel , 

19. linking verbs -

20. totalk down  

21. tostare  , 

22. sparingly , 

23. toquadruple  

24. redundance , 

25. toavoid 

26. coach  ()

27. precious 

28. syllable

29. clich堖 ,  

30. emphasis , 

31. pompous , 

32. fine work ofart   

2. Read the text below and retellit:

http://globalinx.ca/writing-articles/How-To-Edit-Your-Articles-As-You-Write_49268/index.html (http://globalinx.ca/writing-articles/How-To-Edit-Your-Articles-As-You-Write_49268/index.html)

HOW TOEDIT YOUR TEXTS AS YOU WRITE

Increase your ezine subscribers bysubmitting texts once or twice aweek tothe opt-in ezines. Read bythousands, even hundreds ofthousands, you get 1025new subscribers for each submission. Your texts also bring people toyour Web site tobuy your products. Use this checklist toedit your own work.

Knowing these benefits, you want tocreate and submit as many excellent texts as you can. At times, you have the texts complete, but dont have anyone handy toedit them. While its best toget at least two other edits from business associates, you can edit your texts yourself with alittle help.

Use this checklist toedit your own work:

1. Start your introduction with aquestion or startling fact. You must hook your readers with something that reaches their emotions.

2. Make your introduction only afew sentences. Your readers want toget tothe heart ofyour text fast. They want easy-to- read quick tips. Long stories can bring ayawn toyour reader.

3. At the end ofyour introduction, include your texts thesis tostay on track and make your text clear and compelling. For instance, use this checklist toedit your own work.

4. Make all ofyour sentences short. Since standard sentence length is 1517words, make most ofyour sentences under that number. Complex sentences and multiple phrases make the reading tougher. Make it easy for your readers tofind the subject and verb ofeach sentence, so they get the point fast.

5. Avoid dull, slow sentences. Toavoid passive construction, start them with asubject, and then follow with averb. For instance, The coach marketed her business and books through submitting texts online is an active sentence. The coachs books were marketed online through submitting texts. is passive. Drop linking verbs such as is, was, seemed, or had. Replace them with power, active verbs. Instead ofShe is beautiful, you could say, Her beauty compels you tostare at her.

6. Aim for compelling, clear copy. Write for the 810th grade reader. Dont try toimpress with pompous words such as utilize. Always think Whats init for them?

7. Use specific nouns and names. General references dont engage your readers emotions. Let them see the size, color, and shape. Rather than say, Write your book fast tomake lifelong income, say Write and finish your book fast so you can take that long vacation toaCaribbean island. Money alone doesnt motivate, but what we can do with it does.

8. Let go ofcertain adverbs. Words like very, suddenly, and sparingly, tell instead ofshow. Use adverbs as often as you celebrate your birthday. Did Ishow, rather than tell? Your readers are hungry toexperience feelings as well as picture themselves inyour examples.

9. Let go ofadjectives. Instead ofsaying, She is asuper-intelligent person, you could say, Shes agenius.

10. Appeal tothe senses ofsight, sound, and emotions. Telling is not effective. Instead ofBuy this book today because it is so useful, say, Would you like todouble, even quadruple your Online income inthree months?

11. Cut redundancies. Too much repetition inyour texts speaks boring or talking down toyour readers. Be willing topart with some ofyour precious words. Your first edit should reduce your words at least byone-fourth.

12. Dont use pompous words totry toimpress your reader. Use the shortest, simplest, most well-know word. Check your words number ofsyllables. The more syllables, the more difficult.

13. Keep the subject and verb as close together as possible. Dont make your reader work toget the meaning.

14. Use the present or past tense ofthe verb rather than the "-ing form ofthe verb. Instead ofshe is singing, say, she sings or she sang.

15. Put your point at the end ofasentence, aparagraph, or chapter for emphasis. This position hooks the reader topause and notice or hooks him tokeep reading.

16. Cut cliches. Once, original metaphors, cliches age and become trite. Instead ofBirds ofaFeather Flock Together, you could say, Birds ofaFeather Need toFly Away.

Make your texts sculptured and painted like afine work ofart. Your word choices do make adifference both incommercial acceptance as well as audience understanding.

Self-editing will help.

: Comments

Judy Cullins, 20-year book and Internet Marketing Coach, Author of10eBooks including Write your eBook Fast, and How toMarket your Business on the Internet, she offers free help through her 2monthly ezines, The Book Coach Saysand Business Tip ofthe Month at and over 140free texts. http://www.bookcoaching.com/opt-in.shtml (http://www.bookcoaching.com/opt-in.shtml)

3. Answer the following questions:

1. Want is the aim ofthe text?

2. What recommendations do you follow on your writing?

3. Why should we avoid complex words?

4. Why is it better tocut redundancies?

5. What is recommended about the introduction?

6. What Grammar recommendations are given bythe author?

7. What kind ofwords is it better touse?

4. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. Your texts also bring people toyour Web site tobuy your products. Use this checklist toedit your own work.

2. While its best toget at least two other edits from business associates, you can edit your texts yourself with alittle help.

3. Your readers want toget tothe heart ofyour text fast. They want easy-to- read quick tips. Long stories can bring ayawn toyour reader.

4. Complex sentences and multiple phrases make the reading tougher. Make it easy for your readers tofind the subject and verb ofeach sentence, so they get the point fast.

5. Cut redundancies. Too much repetition inyour texts speaks boring or talking down toyour readers

6. Dont use pompous words totry toimpress your reader.

7. Use the shortest, simplest, most well-know word.

8. Make your texts sculptured and painted like afine work ofart. Your word choices do make adifference both incommercial acceptance as well as audience understanding.

: 5. Give the English equivalents from the text given above

   -;  ; ;   ,   ;  ;   ;   ;    ;  ;   (  );    ;    ; , , ;    ;  ;   ;   ;    ,  ;   ;  ,   .

6. Fill inthe gaps with the words from the text:

1) Knowing these __________, you want tocreate and submit as many excellent texts as youcan.

2) __________ ofadjectives. Instead ofsaying, She is asuper-intelligent person, you could say, Shes agenius.

3) Keep the __________ and verb as __________ together as possible.

4) Put your point at the end ofasentence, aparagraph, or chapter for __________.

5) Make your texts __________ and painted like a__________ ofart.

7. Translate into English:

1.     ,     .

2.   ,    .

3.  ,    .

4.   ,           .

5.     ,   ,    .

6.    ,   .

7.         .

8. Compose the dialogues on the topics:

1. How do you understand the statement: Make your texts sculptured and painted like afine work ofart

2. What is the main advice on the self-editing which you have found inthe text.


















Unit3


1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:

1. tostep through  

2. account 

3. toilluminate  , 

4. creativity  ,  

5. mortality 

6. transience- , 

7. narrative 

8. nonfiction  

9. fascinating 

10. rivalry , , 

11. ambition 

12. facet , 

13. dazzling 

14. juicy 

15. tograpple  

16. challenge , 

17. tolimber up-  

18. scene-setting  

19. posturing-

20. straightforward , 

21. tothread ,   

22. todispense 

23. tofortify , 

24. flaws 

25. pretty 

26. toshy away , 

27. herd 

28. tosnatch away 

29. tostruggle through  

30. toscribble  ,    

31. margin  

32. hype  

33. buzz  

34. substance 

35. insight  , 

2. Read the text below and retellit:

http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/columns-and-blogs/soapbox/article/21359-editing-from-the-inside.html (http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/columns-and-blogs/soapbox/article/21359-editing-from-the-inside.html)

EDITING FROM THE INSIDE

TOBE AGOOD EDITOR, IT HELPS TOTHINK LIKE AWRITER.

byJake Morrissey Publishers Weekly, 7/18/2005

Ilearned avaluable lesson about when Istepped through the publishing looking-glass and became an author: Its just as important for an editor tounderstand the authors writing process as it is tounderstand the words on the page. editing 

Two manuscripts taught me this. The first was byMatthew von Unwerth. Subtitled (and published byRiverhead on July 7), its the account ofSigmund Freuds investigation into the connections between creativity and mortality inhis 1915essay On Transience. It illuminates atime inFreuds life few know much about, and introduces readers toafascinating world ofideas and the people who create them. Freuds RequiemMourning, Memory, and the Invisible History ofaSummer Walk

The second was my own book, (published byMorrow last March). Like the Freud book, its narrative nonfiction, the story ofthe decades-long rivalry between two ofItalys great 17th- century architects, Gianlorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini. (Think with architects.) The Genius inthe DesignAmadeus

Ibegan editing Matts manuscript as Iwas finishing , and was struck bythe similar ambitions ofour books. Each illuminates afacet ofcultural history through great men. And each focuses on what these men accomplished: in, provocative ways ofthinking about creativity; in, dazzling buildings and the invention ofthe Baroque. Both books demonstrate that great, juicy stories can be found where history, culture and personality meet. GeniusFreuds RequiemGenius

The more ofthe Freud manuscript Iedited, the more Irealized that Matt and Ihad grappled with the same challenges. Among them was finding the narrative inabstract ideas. Itold Matt tofind the people inthe ideas he was writing about. One ofmy notes suggested, Youre addressing some pretty abstract ideas here If you can thread the lives ofthese three through the manuscript, the book will be both more dramatic on ahuman level and more psychologically engaging. Ihad made asimilar mistake myself, inone chapter describing the current appearance ofaRoman street instead ofthe reasons why Borromini was walking down it inthe first place.

Inaddition, Matts writing inhis early drafts was too cautious. He needed tolimber up his prose. Isuspected he knew this, as Ihad when Isubmitted my manuscript and my editor noted that my complicated scene-setting feels like posturing tome and its not necessary.

Toget Matt tofocus on simplifying his language and sentence structure, Itold him that the more theoretical the ideas you want toconvey, the more straightforward your prose should be. Iwonder if dispensing such advice would have occurred tome before Ihad written my own book.

As Iedited, Itried tokeep inmind that editors too often search only for the flaws inamanuscript. We can be like lions trying tosnatch away aherds weaker antelopes when sometimes its just ajoy towatch them run. An occasional positive comment scribbled inthe margins can fortify an author during the revision process: asimple nice or amore theatrical Bravo can help enormously. This is alesson Ilearned as Istruggled through my own rewrite, where my editor noted on page 42, Jake, this is wonderful writing. (Im thinking ofhaving the page laminated.)

That doesnt mean that as an editor Ishied away from asking questions or requesting revisions. When Ithought apoint was muddy or that Matt needed tobe more specific Ionce asked him tobe less psychiatric Isaid so. But Inever forgot that this book should sound like him, not me. These were his ideas, not mine; the gold hed mined was his. It was my job topolish it so that it shone as brightly as it could.

Inapublishing climate where hype seems more important than content and buzz more desirable than substance, its easy toforget books are still written the way Edith Wharton, F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway wrote them: word byword, insight byinsight. And no matter which side ofthe desk Isit on, it helps toremember that all ofthese writers benefited from having an editor who helped them find the best books inthem.

Comments:

The Genius inthe Design: Bernini, Borromini, and the Rivalry that Transformed Rome. Morrissey is an editor at Riverhead Books and the author of

Freuds Requiem

The Genius inthe Design

3. Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. Tobe agood editor, it helps tothink like awriter.

2. Its just as important for an editor tounderstand the authors writing process as it is tounderstand the words on the page.

3. It illuminates atime inFreuds life few know much about, and introduces readers toafascinating world ofideas and the people who create them.

4. Itold Matt tofind the people inthe ideas he was writing about. One ofmy notes suggested, Youre addressing some pretty abstract ideas here If you can thread the lives ofthese three through the manuscript, the book will be both more dramatic on ahuman level and more psychologically engaging.

5. We can be like lions trying tosnatch away aherds weaker antelopes when sometimes its just ajoy towatch themrun.

6. This is alesson Ilearned as Istruggled through my own rewrite, where my editor noted on page 42, Jake, this is wonderful writing. (Im thinking ofhaving the page laminated.)

7. And no matter which side ofthe desk Isit on, it helps toremember that all ofthese writers benefited from having an editor who helped them find the best books inthem.

4. Give the English equivalents from the text given above:

  ;    ;   ;   ;    ;   ;   ;   ;    ( );  ;   ;   ;   ,  ;  ; ,   ;     .

5. Answer the following questions:

1. How do you understand the statement: Tobe agood editor, it helps tothink like awriter.? Do you agree with it andwhy?

2. What books were Matt and Morrissey editing? What problem did they meet while editing?

3. What can ascribble on the margins do for the author?

4. Is the editor torewrite or just polish the writers work?

5. What do you think about being agood editor?

6. Do you think the writer benefits from agood editor andwhy?

7. What metaphors are used inthis article?

6. Fill inthe gaps with the words from the text:

1. Its just as important for an editor tounderstand the __________ process as it is tounderstand the words on the page.

2. Like the Freud book, its narrative __________, the story ofthe decades-long rivalry between two ofItalys great 17th- century architects, Gianlorenzo Bernini and Francesco Borromini.

3. The more ofthe Freud __________ Iedited, the more Irealized that Matt and Ihad grappled with the same challenges

4. When Ithought apoint was __________ or that Matt needed tobe more specific Ionce asked him tobe less psychiatric Isaidso.

5. And no matter which side ofthe desk Isit on, it helps toremember that all ofthese writers __________ from having an editor who helped them find the best books inthem.

7. Translate into English:

1.     ,   ,      .

2.    ,     ,   .

3.      ,    ,      .

4.      ,    .

5.     ?

6.  ,        ,    .

7.        .

8. Speak out on the text subject using as many words from the text as possible.




















Unit4


1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:

1. Branch 

2. Appearance- 

3. social consciousness- 

4. genesis , 

5. along with- 

6. expansion , 

7. destribution 

8. toencounter-, 

9. rapidity -

10. harsh sentences  

11. secular-

12. tofacilitate 

13. cylinder press- 

14. inaccordance with- 

15. contingent , 

16. bookselling-

17. artisan- 

18. handicraft  

19. editorial 

20. scribes , 

21. fines  

22. multivolume-

23. Cyrillic characters   

24. annals-

25. establishment- , 

2. Read the text below:

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Publishing+industry (http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Publishing+industry)

PUBLISHING

Publishing is abranch ofculture and production that involves the preparation, production, and distribution ofbooks, magazines, newspapers, and graphic material. The level, scope, and orientation ofpublishing are determined bythe material, sociopolitical, and cultural conditions ofasociety.

Book publishing existed for many centuries before the appearance ofprinting. As ameans ofexpression ofsocial consciousness, the manuscript book influenced the development and formation ofideas and knowledge; however, its sphere ofinfluence was extremely limited. J.Gutenbergs invention ofthe European method ofprinting (mid-15th century) opened up anew era inthe history ofbooks; the printed word became an important factor insocial development.

The publishing house emerged as an enterprise for the production ofprinted matter inEurope inthe 16th century. The genesis ofpublishing houses was integrally associated with the formation ofcapitalism. Printer-publishers emerged inthe 16th and 17th centuries as aresult ofthe expansion ofprinting houses, an increase intheir output, the necessity for technical and especially financial provisions for production (given the lengthy cycle ofpublication for an individual book), and the need toorganize the sale ofbooks. The publishing activity ofAldo Manuzio (Venice) and C. Plantin (Antwerp), along with the families ofElsevier (the Netherlands) and Etienne and Didot (France), was ofgreat significance. Publishers who did not have their own presses and gave the books they published tocommercial firms appeared inthe 18th century.

The development ofpublishing encountered considerable difficulties because ofthe hostile attitude ofthe feudal and church authorities toward the printing and distribution ofsecular books, which were aweapon ofthe bourgeoisie inthe struggle against the feudal and clerical system. Publishing was contingent upon special permission; books, journals, and newspapers were subject tostrict censorship. Taxes and duties were imposed upon publishing houses; they were punished byfines and shut down, and the owners ofpublishing enterprises and printing houses were brought totrial and given harsh sentences.

The victory ofthe bourgeois social system over feudalism inanumber ofEuropean countries facilitated the development ofpublishing. From the 18th through the mid-19th century, the process offorming publishing houses and their quantitative growth inall countries proceeded with increasing rapidity. The functions and structure ofpublishing houses became considerably more complex. Editorial, bibliographical and informational, and advertising activity developed, as well as bookselling (inthe publishers book trade). Inpublishing generally, and inbook production inparticular, machine technology was rapidly introduced. The invention ofmachinery for paper manufacture inthe late 18th century expanded and considerably improved paper production and made it cheaper; the appearance ofthe cylinder press inthe early 19th century, as well as the invention ofother typographic machines, considerably expanded the potential oftypography. The process ofspecialization ofpublishing and typographic enterprises inthe publishing business began inthe mid-19th century, with the emergence ofanew, strong technical base. As the period ofmonopoly capitalism began (the late 19th toearly 20th century), there was massive organization ofpublishing houses on the model ofjoint-stock companies, and thereafter book and newspaper-magazine publishing houses were organized into trusts.

Publishing houses are divided into book, book-magazine, and newspaper-magazine types, depending on their products. The nature ofthe publishing house is determined bythe intended readership scientific, popular, children, or youth; the subject matter ofthe publications determines the type ofthe publishing house general-purpose or specialized.

The production ofbooks intended for distribution was known inRus as early as the turn ofthe 11th century. Books were copied byspecial scribes inmonasteries and at princes courts and byprofessional artisans inthe cities. Inthe 15th tothe mid-16th century, the book business expanded inconjunction with the formation ofthe centralized Russian state, the development ofhandicrafts and trade, and the growth ofcities and development ofurban culture. Multivolume manuscript works, general Russian annals, and many other works appeared. In1551, at the Stoglav (Hundred Chapters) Council, Ivan IV declared: Scribes write from inaccurate translations, and having written, do not correct them and inGods churches people read, sing, and write from these books. Printing was able tofacilitate the establishment ofuniformity inchurch books.

The first printed Slavic books using Cyrillic characters were published bySzwajpolt Fiol inKrakw at the end ofthe 15th century. At the beginning ofthe 16th century, the first Byelorussian printer, Frantsisk Skorin, organized book printing inSlavonic inWilno (Vilnius).

3. Answer the following questions:

1. What is publishing?

2. What is the genesis ofpublishing houses associated with?

3. What are publishing houses divided into?

4. Who wrote books before the invention ofprinted press?

5. Where and when was the printing inBelorussia organized?

6. Who are the prominent figures inRussian printing era beginning?

. 4Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. The level, scope, and orientation ofpublishing are determined bythe material, sociopolitical, and cultural conditions ofasociety.

2. J. Gutenbergs invention ofthe European method ofprinting (mid-15th century) opened up anew era inthe history ofbooks; the printed word became an important factor insocial development.

3. From the 18th through the mid-19th century, the process offorming publishing houses and their quantitative growth inall countries proceeded with increasing rapidity.

4. Taxes and duties were imposed upon publishing houses; they were punished byfines and shut down, and the owners ofpublishing enterprises and printing houses were brought totrial and given harsh sentences.

5. The process ofspecialization ofpublishing and typographic enterprises inthe publishing business began inthe mid-19th century, with the emergence ofanew, strong technical base.

6. Books were copied byspecial scribes inmonasteries and at princes courts and byprofessional artisans inthe cities. Inthe 15th tothe mid-16th century, the book business expanded inconjunction with the formation ofthe centralized Russian state, the development ofhandicrafts and trade, and the growth ofcities and development ofurban culture.

7. The nature ofthe publishing house is determined bythe intended readership scientific, popular, children, or youth; the subject matter ofthe publications determines the type ofthe publishing house general-purpose or specialized.

5. Give the English equivalents from the text given above:

  ;    ;  ;  ;   ; ;  ;   ;  ;    ;   ;  ;  ;   .

6. Fill inthe gaps with the words from the text:

1. The level, __________, and orientation ofpublishing are determined bythe material, sociopolitical, and cultural __________ ofasociety.

2. The publishing house __________ as an enterprise for the production ofprinted matter inEurope inthe 16th century.

3. Publishing was __________ upon special permission; books, journals, and newspapers were subject tostrict __________.

4. Books were copied byspecial __________ inmonasteries and at princes courts and byprofessional __________ inthe cities. Inthe 15th tothe mid-16th century

5. The first printed Slavic books using __________ characters were published bySzwajpolt Fiol inKrakw at the end ofthe 15th century.

7. Translate into English:

1.        .

2.  18  19        .

3.       .

4.  1551     :        ,   ,    

5.       .

6.   16        .

7.     .

TEXT2

1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:

1. scholarly , 

2. responsibilities 

3. bound book  

4. toassume , 

5. tocontract  

6. schedule , 

7. conversion 

8. inthe long run  ,  

9. primary   

10. toapply 

11. applying the standards  

12. guidelines 

13. technical editing  

14. adherence  

15. awkward , 

16. yearbook  

17. page layout  

18. font-  

19. header 

20. todedicate 

21. peer-edit  

22. dedicated , 

23. punctuation 

24. construction oftables  

25. abbreviations 

26. selection ofheadings  

27. citation ofreferences  

28. presentation ofstatistics  

2. Read the text below:

http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/113672#Scholarly_books_and_journals (http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/113672#Scholarly_books_and_journals)

SCHOLARLY BOOKS AND JOURNALS

Editors ofscholarly books and journals are ofthree types, each with particular responsibilities: the (or inBritain), who contracts with the author toproduce the copy, the or who sees the copy through its stages from manuscript through bound book and usually assumes most ofthe budget and schedule responsibilities, and the or who performs the tasks ofreadying the copy for conversion into printed form. acquisitions editorcommissioning editorproject editorproduction editor,copy editormanuscript editor,

The primary difference between copy editing scholarly books and journals and other sorts ofcopy editing lies inapplying the standards ofthe publisher tothe copy. Most scholarly publishers have apreferred style guide, usually acombination ofMerriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary and either the , the , or the inthe US or New Harts Rules [based on Harts Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford (1893)] inthe UK. Since scholars often have strong preferences, very often apublisher will adopt different styles for different fields. For instance, psychologists prefer the APA style, while linguists might prefer the MLA style. These guidelines offer sound advice on making cited sources complete and correct and making the presentation scholarly. Chicago Manual ofStyleMLA Style ManualAPA Publication Manual

Technical editing

Technical editing involves reviewing text written on atechnical topic, and identifying errors related tothe use oflanguage ingeneral or adherence toaspecific style guide.

This activity ensures that documentation is ofgood quality. Inlarge companies, experienced writers are dedicated tothe technical editing function; inorganizations that cannot afford dedicated editors, experienced writers typically peer-edit text produced bytheir relatively less experienced colleagues.

It helps if the technical editor is familiar with the subject being edited, but that is not always essential. The technical knowledge that an editor gains over time while working on aparticular product or technology does give the editor an edge over another who has just started editing content related tothat product or technology. Inthe long run, however, the skills that really matter are attention todetail, the ability tosustain focus while working through lengthy pieces oftext on complex topics, tact indealing with writers, and excellent communication skills.

Revising is also another form ofediting. It is looking for awkward sentences, run-on sentences, and ingeneral parts ofthe paper that dont make sense tothe editor. Usually the writer revises his/her copy before turning itin.

Apublications is its primary editor, having final responsibility for the operations and policies. The term is generally applied tonewspapers, magazines, and yearbooks. editor inchief

A is role within Book Publishing, which involves being asubstantive editor, production editor and copyeditor all rolled into one. This is very much the case with smaller publishers and the Book Editor, may even have tobe aDesigner as well. Skills that make agood Book Editor are naturally Literary skills and alove ofbooks, but also design and an ability to that apage layout is correct. Skill is also needed inchoosing the right fonts for text and headers, as well as the ability touse Computers and Software. Book Editorfeel

Comments:

Where can you find lots ofwords for little money? The is home toawide array ofbudget-friendly dictionaries and reference works, with many titles priced well under ten dollars Merriam-Websters Collegiate DictionaryMerriam-Webster Online Store

() American Psychological AssociationAPA

When editors or teachers ask you towrite inAPA Style, they do not mean writing style. They are referring tothe editorial style that many ofthe social and behavioral sciences have adopted topresent written material inthe field.

Editorial style consists ofrules or guidelines that apublisher observes toensure clear and consistent presentation ofwritten material. Editorial style concerns uniform use ofsuch elementsas

 punctuation and abbreviations

 construction oftables

 selection ofheadings

 citation ofreferences

 presentation ofstatistics,and

 many other elements that are apart ofamanuscript

The American Psychological Association has established astyle that it uses inall ofthe books and journals that it publishes. Many others working inthe social and behavioral sciences have adopted this style as their standard aswell

) style has been widely adopted byschools, academic departments, and instructors for over half acentury. The associations guidelines are also used byover 1,100scholarly and literary journals, newsletters, and magazines and bymany university and commercial presses. The MLAs guidelines are followed throughout North America and inBrazil, China, India, Japan, Taiwan, and other countries around the world. MLA (Modern Language association

3. Answer the following questions:

1. What types ofscholarly editors do you know?

2. What do each ofthemdo?

3. What is the difference ofscholarly editors?

4. Howdo you define the technical editing?

5. What is aBook editor?

6. What should the Book editor possess?

7. How can you comment on the following: Skill is also needed inchoosing the right fonts for text and headers, as well as the ability touse Computers and Software?

4. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. The primary difference between copy editing scholarly books and journals and other sorts ofcopy editing lies inapplying the standards ofthe publisher tothe copy.

2. Most scholarly publishers have apreferred style guide, usually acombination ofMerriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary and either the , the , or the inthe US or [based on Harts Rules for Compositors and Readers at the University Press, Oxford (1893)] intheUK. Chicago Manual ofStyleMLA Style ManualAPA Publication ManualNew Harts Rules

3. Technical editing involves reviewing text written on atechnical topic, and identifying errors related tothe use oflanguage ingeneral or adherence toaspecific style guide.

4. The technical knowledge that an editor gains over time while working on aparticular product or technology does give the editor an edge over another who has just started editing content related tothat product or technology.

5. Revising is also another form ofediting. It is looking for awkward sentences, run-on sentences, and ingeneral parts ofthe paper that dont make sense tothe editor.

6. ABook Editor is role within Book Publishing, which involves being asubstantive editor, production editor and copyeditor all rolled intoone

7. Skill is also needed inchoosing the right fonts for text and headers, as well as the ability touse Computers and Software.

5. Give the English equivalents from the text given above:

 ;   ;    ;  ;   ;    ;  ;  ;  ;     ; ;  ;      ;  ;  ;  ; ;     .

6. Compose the dialogues on the topics:

1. The appearance ofprinting inEurope and Russia.

2. The skills ofabook editor.






























Unit5


1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:

1. commonwealth ,  

2. touphold , 

3. code ofethics  

4. scrupulousness , 

5. toencounter , 

6. plagiarism 

7. testimonies 

8. totorture , 

9. totrack down -

10. ripped-up- 

11. tosolicit  , 

12. flyer 

13. rejection letter -

14. submitted 

15. in-house 

16. clutter 

17. testimonies on torture  

18. todraw 

19. upkeep , 

20. reductiveness 

21. todrudge -  

22. direct-mail  

23. condescend , 

24. current push    ()

25. promising 

26. Almost wept  

27. toresubmit  

28. slant 

29. ultimately  

30. uplifting  

31. drudge-  , 

32. emerging writers-  

33. distracted - 

34. preoccupied 

35. unfocused 

36. at face value , , 

37. first time writers  

38. toperceive 

2. Read the text below:

http://www.newletters.org/UserFiles/File/Bob%20Stewarts%20Page/Literary%20Editing.pdf (http://www.newletters.org/UserFiles/File/Bob%20Stewarts%20Page/Literary%20Editing.pdf)

LITERARY EDITING & MAGAZINE PUBLISHING,

AN EDITORSVIEW

Interview with Robert Stewart, Editor ofNew Letters

University ofMissouri-KansasCity

Conducted byValerie McDonnell, Student at Virginia Commonwealth University

(October 2007)

1. How do you uphold acode ofethics when choosing pieces topublish?

Stewart: Idont understand this question. Ichoose the best writing Ican find, whether written bymy sister, or Annie Dillard, or my barber, Don. Idont see what ethics has todo with it. The magazine is all about the writing. The Awards competition is different, because we promote an anonymous judging process; we maintain that anonymity with ascrupulousness the CIA could learn from. Here is our ethics: We do what we say we will do, and we are clear aboutit.




  .


   .

   ,     (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=55338218)  .

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