EnglishTime.     
  


     ,     .                  ,       .





EnglishTime

    

  





  ,2023

ISBN978-5-4498-8280-6

     Ridero






 


     ,     ,      .        ,     , ,  -      .

       ,   ,    ,   ,               .      :        ,        ,      .

 ,     ,     . Ƞ,   ,       , ,   ,      .    ,     ,     .           ,    ,     .              ,        .

  ?

,    , , ,  ,     ,           .       -      ?,    :    .  ,       ,           .    ?   ,         .

           ,   ꠖ        . Ƞ  ,       ,   .    -    .          ,  ,  , ,  ,    .      ,       .     ,  Headway, Market Leader, English File, Opportunities,   ,   :   ,   ,     ,      .

  ࠖ            . Ƞ  ,     ,      ,    .      ,   ,     .   ,  ,      ,       ,   ,     ,   .

    , ,    .        ,         ,       .        , -   .     .       -.  ,  ,   , , ,  ,         ,   -  .

    ? . -,         ,      .    ,    ,       .     .

1.      ,     ,  .         ,   .       ,    - tobe. , He is ateacher (  ).

     . -,        ,     . -,    ,  Present Simple,      ,      .    ,       do/does.   ,     tobe.

2.       ,      ,     .   ,  -, ,    ,     .  ,     ,     ,  , ,       .      ,  ,         ?,  ?.   ( ?),  ,   ,  ,   , .   ( ?), ,     ,  ,        .

    ,      :    continuous,  ,   ,  ,  ,    .         . ,        ( ?),    : Iwas reading abook.        ( ?),     Past Simple: Iread abook.

ʠ,        ,        .    ,     .       ,  ,        ,  ,  ,   , 蠖   ,     ,  .     ,     ,  ,      ,     .

3.         .   ,    ,  ,        ,       .     ,     ,    !

    ,    .       .      , -     ,           . ,     with: She cut the letter with scissors (   );  of   : Show me the plan ofthe house (   );  to   : Give it tome (  ), about  : Dont speak about me (  );      .

4.         ,    .         .         ,     -    ,   .

,   ,  ,    , ,    the,     ,  ,   a.       .    : Iwent toavery good restaurant yesterday?       ?        (a/an),     -    ,       the, : The famous writer Dickens had many children. Ƞ   - .

   ,               .      ,       .     ,    .






  





 1. There is/are


   ,        ,   - . ,    There is avase on the table (  )  There are papers and abook inmy bag (     ).     there is, 젖 there are. , There are many apples on the table (  ).

!,     there is     a ,    (apen) an,     (an apple).

   ,    not  tobe. ,   There arent any cups inthe cupboard (   ).      ,   not   no. , There are no cups inthe cupboard.

         any: Are there any cups inthe cupboard?

1

1)   .

2)    .

3)    .

4)    .

5)   .

6)  ?

7)   

8)        .

9)   .

10)    .

11)  .

12)     !

13)    ?

14)  .

15)    .

16)   .

17)    ?

18)     ?

19)   .

20)    .








 2. . 


  ,      ,    .   ,      ,    . Ƞ   ,   ,      ,    -.

蠖     ,         ,  -   . ,        He is good cook.    ,      .      cook ()  ook ().

          ,     .

,   ,      . ,   ,     ,       .  ,    .

a/an     . , This is an apple.      : These are apples.   

,     ,    an.      . , Ilike modern music (   ).  

   ,  ,   ,   ,    ,  .         Take an apple ( ),    ,     .

  ,     :

1)  thereis.

, There is afly on the ceiling ( ).

!    Where is   the!

2)  .

He is anice person (  ).

3)  tohave.

Ihave adog (Ӡ  ).

4) .

It is atable ( ).

   ,      , ,    . , Take the apple! (  !)   ,              . The      .   

    ,  ,  ,    . , The film Iwatched yesterday was interesting (,    ,  ).

   .

1

1) She is __ teacher.

2) He is __ person Itold you about.

3) Iwant toask you __ question.

4) __ question he asked me was difficult.

5) They live in__ old house.

6) He reads __ newspaper everyday.

7) __ newspaper is on the table.

8) There is __ newspaper on the table.

9) Ican ride __ bicycle.

10) __ bicycle Ihave isold.

11) He works in__ bookshop.

12) __ laptop Ihave isold.

13) It Is __ new laptop.

14) There is __ flower inthe vase.

15) Where is __ bank?

16) Is there __ bank near here?

17) Iwant __ apple.

18) Ilike __bag!

19) Can Ihave __ sandwich?

20) __ picture is on the wall.

2

1) Ihave __car.

2) __ car he has isred.

3) __ cars they sell here are expensive

4) Can Ihave __ slice ofpizza? Ihave __ slice ofpizza?

5) What is it inEnglish? It is __ ceiling.

6) There is __ mosquito on __ ceiling.

7) Isee __ bank!

8) Lets go to__ bank.

9) She has __ nice house.

10) __ house she has isbig.

11) She is __ smart person.

12) Is he __ Tom you told me about?

13) It is __ expensive restaurant.

14) Where are __ children?

15) Is this __ book you recommended?

16) Turn on __ water.

17) Idont have __pen.

18) Ilike __ apples.

19) They are __ nice shoes.

20) Is __ coat expensive?

  the   ,      .     ,   , ,    . , The cake she made was delicious (,   ,   ).

       : Its the tallest building inthis city (    ), He is the nicest person who Ihave ever met (    ,   ).

 ,      ,   .  , inthe morning/inthe evening/inthe afternoon.

     the only, the very, the same.

3

1) He is __ only person Iknow here.

2) Ilike __tea.

3) __ coffee inthe cafe is delicious.

4) __ Moon is bright today.

5) She wakes up early in___ morning.

6) It is __ only question Ididnt answer.

7) She __ the very girl Isaw yesterday.

8) It is __ same book Ibought last week.

9) She is __ tallest person inour class.

10) __ dinner she made was great.

11) We set off in__ afternoon.

12) Pass me __ salt please.

13) This is __ toy Iwant.

14) There are so many stars in__sky!

15) He has __ information you need.

16) He doesnt drink __ alcohol.

17) Ilike __ classical music.

18) __ film you recommended was great.

                intermediate.        .




























 3.   Present Simple


   ,    :

 ;

  ,    蠖  - ( -) .

, Ihave breakfast at 8every morning (  8   ). They are married (  ). Iam ateacher (  ).

     :

V1 (s) S + V1(s)

  ?

S  subject, ,   . V verb,   ,    .           (     ).

    -s,    ,               (he, she, it). ,   have   has   (, She has adog).

    ,  ,  Present Simple   ,    ,  Iam busy ( ).       tobe.

     (     ):

Iam

He, she, itis

We, you, theyare

       :

S + tobe + N/adj/adv

       .

1

1)  .

2)   .

3)   .

4) Ӡ  .

5)   .

6)   .

7)   .

8)   .

9)    .

10)   .

11)   19:00 .

12)     .

13)     .

14)   .

15) Ӡ  .

16)    .

17)    .

18)    .

19)    .

20)  18.

21)    .

       ,      .      ,     do/does.

, Where does he work?

    :

(Wh) + do/does + S +V1?

     :

(Wh) + tobe + S + N/Adj/Adv

,      ,     . , Who do you go for lunch with? (Ѡ   ?).

   ,    tobe. , Where ishe?

     ,     not  . , He doesnt like cooking (  ).  He is not here now (   ).

    :

S + do/does + not +V1

 :

S + tobe + not + S + N/ Adj /Adv

    .

2

1)     ?

2)  ?

3)    ?

4)  ?

5)    ?

6)  ?

7)  .

8) Ѡ    ?

9)    ?

10)  ,   ?

11)   ?

12)     ?

13)     .

14)  , .

15) Ӡ  .

16)   .

17)   .

18)    ?

19)    .

20)    ,   .

3

1)   .

2)    .

3)     ?

4)   .

5)   .

6)    .

7)   .

8)   .

9)    ?

10)  ?

11)   ?

12)   ?

13)  ?

14)  ?

15)   ?

16)    ?

17)  ?

4

1)    ?

2)  ?

3)   ?

4)     ?

5)   ?

6)     ?

7)   ?

8)    ?

9)    ?

10)   ?

11)    ?

12)    .

13)   .

14)   .

15)    .

16)    .

17)   .

18)    .

19)     .

20)   .

5

1)     .

2)    .

3)     .

4)   ,  .

5)   ,   .

6)     .

7)      .

8)    ,  .

9)   ,   .

10)    ,   .

11)   .

12)   , .

13)   .

14)   .

15) Ӡ   .

16)   -,  -.

17)      .

18)   .

6

1)     .

2)     .

3)   .

4)       .

5) Ӡ   .

6)     .

7)    .

8)      .

9)   .

10)    .

11)     .

12)   .

13)     .

14)   ?

15)     ?

16)  .

17)      ?

18)    ?

19)     ?

20)    ?

21)    ?

22)  !

23)      ?

24)    ?

25)  .

26)    ?

27)     ?

28)     ?

7

1)    ?

2)    ?

3)   ?

4)    ?

5)  ?

6)     ?

7)  ?

8) Ѡ   ?

9) 頖   ?

10)   ?

11)   ?

12)     ?

13)   ?

14)    ?

15)   ?

16)     ?

17)   ?

18)   ?

19)   ?

20) ?

21)   ?

22)   ?

23)  ?

24)    ?

25)   ?

26)    ?

27)  ?

28)  ?

29) ?

8

1)  ?

2)  ?

3)   ?

4)   ?

5)    ?

6)  ?

7)  .

8)    .

9)   .

10)   .

11)  .

12)   .

13)  ?

14)   ?

15)  ?

16)  ?

17)   ?

18)  ?

19)  ?

20)  ?

21)   ?

22)   ?

23)    ?

24)    ?

25)   ?

26)    ?

27)     ?

28)    ?

29)  .

30)  .

31)   .

32)  .

33)  .

34)  .

35)  .

36)  25.
































































 4. it


   ,          ,    .     It is cold,  it    , is .     ,   it  : It is interesting towork here.

    ,      it:

. , It is cold today. ,   rain snow     .      it,    .     Does it rain here often? (   ?).  It snows here alot (   ).

. Ƞ What time is it? ( ?),       it: It is five oclock (  ).

.   ,   today    ,           It is her birthday today.     ,    . , It is the third ofApril today (  ), It is finally Summer! (- !). What day is it today? (  ?). It is Wednesday ().

.    10   It is ten kilometers from here tothe airport. ,       how far. ,    How far is it from here tothe airport? (   ?).

1

1)   ?

2)    ?

3)   .

4)  .

5)   ?

6)   ?

7) C 16.

8)    ?

9)    .  .

10)   .

11)  .

12)    .

13)   .

14)   ?

15)  ? ,  .

16)    ?

17)    -?

18)    ?

19)  .

20)    .

2

1)  !

2)    ?

3)   .

4)    ?

5)   .

6)  .

7)   .

8)  ,      .

9)    !

10)     ?

11)    !

12)    !

13)  .

14)  .

15)  .

16)  30.

17)     ?

18)    .

  it  there is. There is ,      . , There is someone standing at the door (Ӡ - ),    it  ,    : We went on holiday. It was great!  , it    ,  It is mr. Johnson! (  !), What is it inEnglish? Its atable. (   -? ).

Ƞ,   There is/are    .    It is cold inthe room (  )     it,     -  .     ,    it,     (, , , ).   .

3

1)     .

2)    .

3)     ,  .

4)   ,  .

5)   ,    .

6)   .

7)  .

8)    .

9)   .

10)  ?   .

11)   - .

12)    .

13)   ,   .

14)   6.

15)  .

16)  .

17)   -.

18)  .

19)  ?   .

20)    -? .


















 5. Present Continuous


    .  ,    ,        .

   :

S + tobe +Ving

:

S + tobe + not +Ving

:

(Wh) + tobe + S+Ving

,    ,    ,    ,  .., Ithink these are your keys (,   ).       -  ,   렖 ,   - .  ,       Present Continuous.

ʠ ,    state verbs,   tobe (/), want (), know (), believe (), hate (), like (/), love (), have (), feel (), hear (), see (), understand () .     simple.    ,  ,   ,   ,   Present Simple Present Continuous,     pre-intermediate.

,     (see, hear, taste, fee),  ,  can: Ican see him inadistance (   ).

1

1)     .

2)     .

3)  .

4)    .

5)   .

6)  .

7)  .

8)    ?

9)    .

10)   .

11)   ?

12)    .

13)   ,   .

14)    .

15)    .

16)     .

17)  ,   .

18) Ӡ  .

19)    .

20)    .
















 6. Past Simple


          . , Iread abook yesterday (   ).  Ilived inavillage when Iwas kid (  ,   ).        ,  :    ,      .    ,    past simple  :

 :

S +V2

:

S + did + not +V1

:

(Wh) + did + S +V1

 ,     tobe:

 :

S + was/ were + N / Adj /Adv

:

S + was / were + not + N/ Adj /Adv

:

Wh) + was / were + S + N/ Adj /Adv)

 ,    ,     .         -ed. , Iwork ( ), Iworked yesterday (  ).        ,    ( ). , Ibuy shoes every season (    ), Ibought shoes yesterday (   ).

    ,          did. , Ididnt go towork yesterday (   ), Where did you go yesterday? (   ?).

     tobe,        (was   , were  ),    .

, You werent at work yesterday (   ), Where were you yesterday? (   ?).

1

1)    ?

2)    ,   ?

3)   ?

4)     ?

5)    ?

6)    ?

7)    ?

8)   ?

9) Ѡ   ?

10)    ?

11)    ?

12)   ?

13)     ?

14)   ?

15)       ?

16)    ,    ?

17)     ?

18)     ?

19)   ?

20)    ?

21)     ?

22)    ?

23)    ?

24)     ?

25)    ?

26)   ?

27)   ?

28)   ?

2

1)   ?

2)    ?

3)    ?

4)   ?

5)   ?

6)    ?

7)     ?

8)    ?

9)     ?

10)    ?

11)   ?

12)    ?

13)    ?

14)   ?

15)     ?

16)   ?

17)    ?

18)   ?

19)    ?

20) Ѡ   ?

21)    ?




























 7. Past Continuous


 Past Continuous        .          . , Iwas reading yesterday (  ).

 Iwas calling you, but you didnt answer (  ,  ). ,  state verbs,    ,  Present Continuous, Past Continuous  .

 

 :

S + was / were +Ving

:

S + was / were + not +Ving

:

(Wh) + was / were + S + Ving)

1

1)      .

2)    .

3)     .

4)    ?

5)     ?

6)     .

7)     .

8)   ,   .

9)   .

10)  ,   .

11)     .

12)     .

13)    .

14)     .

15)   ?

16)     ?

17)   .

18)    .

19)    ,    .

20) -   .

21)    .














 8. Future Simple


      simple,     .     will  ,    . ʠ,   ,           .

    ,     Present Continuous,   . ,        ,  -    : Iam meeting my friends tomorrow.

 ,  -        ;    .

    (  ,  ,    ),   ,   ,    Iam going todo something.     :   Iam going to, ,  Present Continuous,     ,      : Iam going tomeet with my friends tomorrow.

Will    ,   ,     . ,     Iwill have an orange juice (   ).    - : Iwill help you tomorrow (   ).  will    tobe. , Iwill be at home tomorrow (   ).

   ,  ,   ,  Present Simple. , The train comes at two tomorrow (   ).  What time does the film start? (  ?).

1

1)    .

2)   ?

3)     .

4)     .

5)    .

6)     .

7)   ?

8)   ?

9)    .

10)    .

11)     .

12)    .

13)     ?

14)    .

15)    9:00.

16)     .

17)      .

18)     .

19)     .

2

1)     .

2)    .

3)     .

4)    .

5)    .

6)    .

7)      .

8)     .

9)    .

10)   ?

11)   ?

12)     .

13) -  .  .

14)     .

15)   ?

16)    ?

17)    .

18)     ?

19)   .    .

3

1)      .

2)     .

3)     .

4)     .

5)    .

6)   ?

7)  ,   .

8)   .

9)   ?

10)     .

11)     .

12)     ?

13)    ?

14)   .
















 9. Present Perfect


 Present Perfect     .       :

 ,   ,  . , Ihave lost my keys (   ).   Present Perfect,     ,         - .      already just. , Ihave already had breakfast (  ), Ihave just seen her (    ).      yet: Ihavent found new job yet. (    ).

     Present Perfect. , Ihave been toParis twice (   ).  Ihave never met her (   ).   ,       .

    :

 :

S + have / has +V3

:

S + have/ has + not +V3

:

(Wh) + have/ has +S+V3

!,          (he/she/it),   has.

1

1)     .

2)     .

3)    .

4)     .

5)     .

6)     .

7)   .

8)      .

9)    .

10)   .

11)    .

12)    .

13)    .

14)    .

15)   ?

16)   .

17)    .

18)    .

19)     .

20)   .

2

1)   .

2)   .

3)    .

4)   ?

5)   ?

6)   .

7)     .

8)    ?

9)      .

10)      .

11)    !

12)    .

13)      .

14)      .

15)    .

16)    ?

17)   !






















 10.  


               .       ,    (,  ..), ,     ,   . ,    Icome towork at 7(   ),   ,      .  Ihave tocome towork at 7(    ),     ,     ,   ,      .    ,      :

Imay come towork at 7tomorrow (, ,    ).

Ishould come towork at 7tomorrow (     ).

Ineed tocome towork at 7tomorrow (     ).

Ican come towork at 7tomorrow (     ).

     .

  may/might   / ,         .   ,      - ,    may. , May Icome in? (  ?).

 should      ,     . , You should wear ahelmet when you ride abike (   ,   ).  ,       .  ,      ,    .     ,  should   ,  ,    .

      not: You should not stay go tobed so late (     ).     shouldnt.

    ,     must  have to.      ,   ,  . ,        must,   ,     . ,    You have tofinish this work today (     ),  you must finish this work today.

  ,   have    to,     ,  must. : Imust stay late at work today (    ), Ihave tostay up late today at work.

      :

Cannot (cant) /must not (mustnt) .

Do not have to(dont have to)  , .

 can    ,  Ican play the piano (   ),    : Ican go on vacation next week (     ).      not: Icant play the piano (   ).

        . , Can you sing well? (   ?). Have toneed to   do/does. , Do you have towear auniform at school? (    ?), Do you need todo this today? (    ?).

    .

1

1)    .

2)     .

3)      .

4) , ,  .

5)     .

6) ,   .

7)     .

8)     ?

9) , ,  .

10)      .

11)     .

12)     .

13)      !

14)   ?

15)    .

16)     .

17)     .

18)     .

19)    .

20)   ?

2

1)  ,      .

2)   !

3)     .

4)    ?

5)     !     .

6)     ?

7)    .

8)    ?

9)     .

10) ,    .

11)   .

12)     .

13)   ?

14)    .

15)     .

16)     .

17)      .

18)     .

19)     .












  





 11. Present Simple Present Continuous


    Present Simple Present Continuous  .      ,   ,      ,  .  ⠖    . ,     present simple,   present continuous.

Present Continuous

      .

Present Simple

 ,  .

  NOW, STILL, THIS WEEK, CURRENTLY

C      ,  Present Simple     ,  Iwork inabig company (   ),    Present Continuous   ,        . , Iam working now (  )  Iam working late this week (    ).

  ,

Present Simple

:

   (Igo toschool every day     );

   (Ihave acar Ӡ  );

 (Water boils at 100degrees Celcius      ).

Present Continuous

:

 ,    (Iam writing aletter now    );

  (Iam staying at my friends this week     ).

 ,    state verbs   Continuous.  ,     ,  .

 state verbs

Adore (), admire (), agree (), envy (), appear (seem) (), appreciate (), be (exist) (), believe (), belong to(), concern (), consist of(), contain (), cost (), deny (), depend on (), deserve (), detest (), differ (), disagree (), desire (), dislike (), doubt (), equal (), expect (), feel (), forget (), hate (), have (possession) (), hear (), imagine (), impress (), include (), involve (), know (), lack (), like (, ), loathe (), look (seem) (), love (), matter ( ), mean (), measure (), mind (), need (), owe ( ), own (), possess (), promise (), realize (), recognize (), remember (), resemble ( ), respect (), satisfy (), see (), seem (), smell (), sound (), suppose (), surprise (), taste ( ), think (opinion) ( ), trust (), understand (), want (), weigh (), wish ().

   state verbs

    think   ,      Continuous. , Ithink it is agood idea ( ,   ).      ,  - ,       . , What are you thinking about? (Π  ?).

 have        ,  Iam having ashower (  ), Iam having lunch ( ), Iam having aheadache (Ӡ  )  Iam having agood time (   ).

 tobe    continuous,   ,         ,      . ,   Why are you being so nervous? (   ?).

    ,     : see, hear, smell, taste, feel.     -ing     can. , Ican see something inthe distance (  - )  Ican smell the cigars! (   !).    ,    Continuous.

-,    smell taste,      蠫. C: The flower smells nice! (  !) Look! Your dog is smelling the flower (!    ).   taste: The cake tastes nice! ( ). : He is tasting different samples tochoose the best one (   ,   ).

  see feel,    state verbs,         Continuous. , see     Simple.      - (   ),     Continuous: Is he seeing your sister now? (    ?). ,       looks    -ing. , What are you looking at? (  ?).        ,     Present Simple. , You look great! ( !).

 feel   ,  堖   .   ,      Ifeel great (   ),  myself!       -ing-.        - ,    Simple. , It feels like silk (  ).

 appear      .     ,      look Continuous   . , He appears tobe sad (  ).  appear   ,       . , The sun is appearing behind the clouds (  - )  He is appearing inanew musical on Broadway now (     ).

!  Present Continuous    state verbs,       Present Simple.       . , Iam always loosing my pen! (    !)   .   Im loving it, ,     .

1

1)  ?  .

2)  ?   ?

3)    ?  .

4)   ?

5)    ?  .

6)     .

7)   .     .

8)   .    .

9) ?

10)    ?

11) ⠖  ,   .

12)  ?  .

13) , - .

14)    .     .

15)  ?     .

16)    ?

17)    ?

18)    ?

19)    ?

20)  ,    .

21) ,    .

22)  ,   .   ?

23)       ?

24)   ,   .

25)  ?  ,  - .

26)     .    .

27)   ,  .

2

1)   .

2) Ӡ  .

3)      .

4)     .

5)    ?

6)     .

7)   .

8)   ,   .

9)     ?

10) ,  .

11) Ѡ   ?

12)     .

13) Ѡ   ?

14)     .

15)   .

16)  ,  .

17)    !

18)    ?

3

1)      ?

2)   ,    ?

3)    -?

4)    ?

5)      ?

6)     ?

7)    ?

8)    ?

9)       ?

10)   ?

11)    ?

12)    ?

13)    ?   ?

14)    ?

15)     ?

16)   , , , .

17)   ?

18)   ,    .

19)     ?

20)    ?

21)     ?

22)    ?

23)     ?

24)    ?

25)  - ?

26) Ѡ  ?

27)    ?

28)     ?

29)     ?

30)    ?

31)     ?

32)  -   ?

33)     ?

34)   ?

35)    ?

36)   ?

4

1)   .

2)     ?

3)    ?

4)   ?

5)   ?

6)    ?

7)   ?

8)   ?

9)      ?

10)  ?

11)   ?

12)   ?

13)     ?

14)    ?

15)   .

16)    ?

17)    ?

18)    ?

19)   ?

20)    ?

21)    ?

22)     ?

23)   ?

5

1)    .

2)     .

3)     .

4)    ?   .

5)     .

6)   ,   .

7)   !

8)     ?

9)   .

10)     ?

11)   .

12)  ,   .

13)    ,    .

14)  ?  .

15)    ? .

16)   !

17)  ,    .











































 12. Past Simple Past Continuous


         : Past Simple Past Continuous.      ,    .

Past Simple

  ,  .

Iread abook yesterday. (   )

Past Continuous

Iwas reading abook yesterday. (   )

 ,  .   Yesterday/ ago/ last monthetc.

Past Simple     ( ?  ), Past Continuous  ( ?  ).  ,       ,   : 

 ,        :   Past Simple 蠫  Past Continuous.         Past Continuous.      ,    ,      . , Iwas doing my homework from five tosix  Iwas doing my homework all evening.

     ,    -  ,    Simple. , Ifinished my homework at six (   ).   ,    Continuous: At six Iwas finishing my homework (   ).  

      ,  -     . , Iwas cooking dinner, when he called (  ,   ). Past Continuous        (Iwas working as awaiter last summer     ).

,    state verbs ( ,   ) Past Continuous .

,  .

Past Simple :

    . , Icalled her this morning (    );

   (Icooked dinner yesterday    );

    . , Iwas born inasmall town (   ).

Past Continuous :

  ,    (Iwas cooking dinner   );

    (Iwas working inthe USA last summer     );

  ,  : Iwas calling her all morning (    ).

1

1)     .

2)     .

3)    .

4)    ,   .

5)     .

6)     .

7)    .

8)     ?

9)    ?

10)    ,      .

11)   ,   .

12)   ,    .

13)    ,    .

14)   ,  ,   .

15)    ,   .

16)     ?   .

17)  ,    .

18)     ,    .

19)   ,   ?

20)   ,   .

21)   ,   .

22)   ,    .

23)  ,   .

24)  ,   .

25)   ,  ,   .

26)    ,     ,  .

2

   ,   .       ,  ,   ,      ,   .         .  ,    ,   .       ,  ,    ,  . ʠ  ,      ,    .

3

1)       .  , -  .

2)     ,     .     ,  ,  .

3)    ?

4)     .

5)     .

6)    ,    .

7)   ,   .

8) Ѡ    .

9)   ,  .

10)   ,    ,        .    ,     .     ,     ,   .      .      ,    .    ,    ,   .   -  .    .     ,    .     ,   ,    .    ,     .

4

  ,        .    ,    . ,  ,    ?    .

        .     ,   ,    ,  ,     .   , ?  .   ?   .    . ?    .      ,    . , .  ,     ,     .   . Ƞ   ,     .








































 13. Present Perfect Past Simple


 ,   ,    Present Perfect Past Simple.    ,          .              蠫    .      Present Perfect   (Ihave been toEngland twice) Past Simple  (Iwent toLondon last year).

,          +  . Present Perfect

 ,   ,      . Past Simple

     ,   Present Perfect   ,    . ,    ,    ,     ,     Present Perfect,       .        ,   ,   ,    ,     Past Simple.   , ,       ,     Present Perfect: Ihave lost my glasses.     ,         ,     ,  Past Simple: Ilost my glasses.  Present Perfect   But Ihave found them already (   ),        .

 just ( ), already (), yet (   蠫  )   ,    Present Perfect. :

Ihave just had dinner (   );

Ihave already read this newspaper (    );

Ihavent been tothis restaurant yet (    );

Have you started your new job yet? (    ?).

!,   just already,  ,     .  yet   .

 ,  () (- )    Present Perfect Past Simple. ,   Ilive inMoscow (  ), Ihave lived inthis city since 2000(    2000). for since 

  ,   Present Perfect,  (-) (). , Have you ever been toSpain? ( -  ?); Ihave never been toSpain (   ). ever never 

  ,     Past Simple,     . , Iwent tothe circus last night.       : Isaw her five minutesago. ago

, Present Perfect

:

      (Ihave just had lunch, Iam not hungry);

  (Ihave already seen this film);

 ,   ,   ,    for/since (, Ihave known her for along time);

  ,      ,     (, She has just bought anew flat).

Past Simple

:

      (Icooked dinner yesterday    );

 ,    (We were married for 5years     );

   (  )  ,    (Ibought aflat last month).

1

1)   ?   ?

2)  -   ?

3)      ? !

4)    ?   .

5)    .

6)    .

7)      .     .

8)  -  ?

9)     .

10)   .

11)   30 .

12)  ,   .

13)    .

14)   .

15)   .

16)  ,  .    .

17)    .

18)    .

19)  ,    .

20)    .

21)    .

22)     ?

23)  ,   .

24)    .

25)     .

26)      .

27)     .

28)     1980.

29)    33 .

30)   . - ?

31)    .

2

1)     .

2)  ,   .

3)    ,   .

4)    ,     .

5)    .

6)      .

7)      .

8)     .

9)     ?

10)  -  ?

11)    .

12)     .

13)      ?

14)    .

15)    .

16)   .   .

17)        .

18)  -  ?

19)    .

20)    .

21)      .

22)   ?

23)    .

24)     ?

25)     ,   .

26)   .

27)    1990.

3

1)     ?

2)     ?

3)     .

4)  ,     .

5)    ?

6)     ,   .

7)     .

8)      .

9)     .

10)     ?

11)    .

12)     .

13)      .

14)      ?

15)     ,  .

16)     ,  .

17)     ,    !   .

18)       .

19)     ,   .

20) ,       .    .

21)      .

22)      .

23)     .

24)     .

25)      .

26)     .

27)      10.

28)     2000.

29)   ?

30)      .



































 14. Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous


   Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous  ,  Present Perfect ,    , Present Perfect Continuous     -   .

, : Ihave just talked toher on the phone (     ) Ihave been talking toher on the phone for half an hour (    ).    ,        :   蠫    Present Perfect Present Perfect Continuous .

Present Perfect

 .  .

Ihave painted the bedroom. (  .)

Present Perfect Continuous

 ,  ,  .

Ihave been painting the bedroom. (  )

    ,         : Ihave lived here for ten years Ihave been living here for ten years (    ).       .

 ,  state verbs    ,  Continuous    .

,

Present Perfect Continuous :

  ,      : Ihave been painting my bedroom (   );

  ,     : Ihave been reading for two hours (    );

 ,    . , Why are your hands dirty? Ihave been working inthe garden (   ?   ).

   :

S + have / has + been +Ving

:

S + have / has + not + been +Ving

:

(Wh) + have/ has + been+ S +Ving

1

1)     ?

2)       .

3)     .

4)     ?

5)    ?

6) Ѡ  c ?

7)     .

8)     .

9)     .

10)     .

11)    .   .

12)     ?   .

13)      ?

14)      .

15)    .

16)      .

17)    ?

18) ,      .

19)    ?

20)    ,     .

21)     .

22)    .

23) Ӡ   .    .

24)    .

25)   ! ,    .

26)    ?

27)    ?

28)     ?

29) Ѡ    ?

2

1)     .

2)     .

3)   ?

4)      ?

5)      .

6)    .

7)     .

8) Ӡ    ,   18.

9)     .

10)      20.

11)      .

12)      .

13)       ?

14)   .

15)    .

16)      ,    .

17)      .

18)    .

19)     .

3

    ,     .     .       ,    , ,   .      ,         ,   .

   ,      .     ,     . Ѡ       .           .        .

4

1)  ,  1950     50000  .  1957   6000.   20        .      ,    , 2012        .                    .  ,        .

2)       ,    ,      ,      .      . Ƞ  ,        . Ѡ     ,         .            ,    ,      .       -    ,     .






































 15. Present Perfect Continuous Present Continuous


  Present Perfect Continuous  ,    .  ,    ,   . , Ihave been reading for two hours (    ).  ,     ,  .    Present Continuous, ,   ,     ,   ,   .       for  since.    ,    Present Perfect Continuous,  ,  Present Continuous.

C  : Iam writing aletter (Present Continuous) Ihave been writing aletter for one hour (Present Perfect Continuous).     :      蠫     .       for,       ,       蠖 ,   .

  Present Continuous    still,    Present Continuous. , Iam still working inthe same company (      ).

 :

 ,      . Present Continuous 

 ,     ,      for/ since. Present Perfect Continuous 

1

1)    .

2)   ,    .

3)     .

4)     ,    .

5)      .

6)   ,    .

7)  ,  .

8)       .

9)       .

10)      .

11)  ,    .    ,    .      .  ? ,    .

12) ,   ?    ,       .

13)    ,   .

14)     .     .

15)     .




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