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 2019 by Kai-Fu Lee. All rights reserved.

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notes


Notes





1


  .     // . URL: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_and_mathematics#Legal_positions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_and_mathematics#Legal_positions).




2


 .        ,  AlphaGo // Wired. URL: https://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai/ (https://www.wired.com/2016/05/google-alpha-go-ai/)(19 2016).




3


 .  ,       2030 // New York Times. URL: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/20/business/china-artificial-intelligence.html (https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/20/business/china-artificial-intelligence.html)(20 2017).




4


 .       ,          // Verge. URL: https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/22/17039696/china-us-ai-funding-startup-comparison (https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/22/17039696/china-us-ai-funding-startup-comparison)(2 2018).




5


 .-.,  .       // Artificial Intelligence 43. 1990. 1. .2136.




6


      ,    .    -      .          .    . .




7


 .-.           // Speech Coomunication 7. 1988. 4. .375379.




8


 .   :   // New York Times. URL:https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/06/business/business-technology-talking-to-machines-progress-is-speeded.html?mcubz=1.HTML-?mcubz=1 (https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/06/business/business-technology-talking-to-machines-progress-is-speeded.html?mcubz=1.HTML-%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B4?mcubz=1) (6 1988).




9


    Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge. ,   ,  ,    . . . .




10


ImageNet      2012,  . URL: http://image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/results.html (http://image-net.org/challenges/LSVRC/2012/results.html).




11


 . Google     500   // TechCrunch. URL: https://techcrunch.com/2014/01/26/google-deepmind/ (https://techcrunch.com/2014/01/26/google-deepmind/) (26 2014).




12


 .




13


Transfer learning (.)       ,     -  ,     ,        .




14


 .  :       // The Dish [] // Stanford News. URL: https://news.stanford.edu/thedish/2017/03/14/andrew-ng-why-ai-is-the-new-electricity/ (https://news.stanford.edu/thedish/2017/03/14/andrew-ng-why-ai-is-the-new-electricity/) (14 2017).




15


 .,  .   // PwC. URL: https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf (https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/analytics/assets/pwc-ai-analysis-sizing-the-prize-report.pdf) (27 2017).




16


 .  // Forbes. URL: https://www.forbes.com/global/2011/0509/companies-wang-xing-china-groupon-friendster-cloner.html#1272f84055a6 (https://www.forbes.com/global/2011/0509/companies-wang-xing-china-groupon-friendster-cloner.html#1272f84055a6) (28 2011).




17





, 





,  


, 


, 


. URL: http://www.yicai.com/news/739256.html (http://www.yicai.com/news/739256.html) (21 2011).


