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 1

     





 I

         





1.    



                  ,     .          ,       ,     ,    . ,   - XIX. . , ,                  [1 -  .     . ., 1892. . 58.].  ,     ,       ,         .                   ?          .            ,            ,  ,      .

       ,     .        ;     ;               (       ),        ; ,         () .          ,        .               ,        .




1.      


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2.    


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        (             )                   .            .      (     ,          ),  . ,  ,        ,      [139 - Grewe W. G. The Epochs of International Law. Berlin  New York, 2000. P. 1.].   .      ,           XX.           .

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       .         .   ,        ,  -   ,        ,    ,           .  ,  . ,        ,            [141 -  .     . . 94.].    ,     ,       ,      .             ,     .

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     (  - ,  , ,   )       .    ,    ,        ,              .   ,         ,      ,        .  -            :     (   ,         ,  ,       )                    ,    ..

,           ,          - .                  ,     . . . ,  , ,  ,   , .    ,     ,   ,     , ,       , ,      [143 - FawcettJ. . S. The Law of Nations. New York, 1968. P. 12.].

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     , ,        ,         .

,          ,      , ,        ,        .              .                     .                 ,         .                   ,       ,       [146 - Lawrence T.J. The principles of International Law. P. 1424.].

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               ,       .  -                     ,      .             . ,              -     ( , ,    ..).

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   X.      :       (XIIIXVIII.);       ,                ;       . ,   ,            [150 -  .].

          , ,        ,    .     ,      ,         .

. .         :         ( )     1789.    ( )[151 - Nguen Quoc Dinh. Droit International Public. Paris, 1987. C. 15.].   ,           .          ,               .     .              [152 -  . P. 33.].

   ,                  .         ,    ,             .

        (         ).          (        , .. - )       .               (   )              .

               .                 ,     .             ,  ,  , -   .

   ,           - .       XIX.  - ,      ,    - .       ,         ,       ,    .   XX.            .

 . ,             ,              .  .               - .              . ,                 .

,   .       : I     ;     -          ; II      ,        1648., ,   ,   ,       [153 - Wheaton . History of the Law of Nations in Europe and America from the Earliest Times to the Treaty of Washington. 1842. P. 69.]; Ill     1713.; IV           1763.; V        1763.    1789.; VI      1789.    1842.    , .      ,           .

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            : I    ,     - ,     ,    1648.,    ; II   1648.    1814 (15) .; III   1814 (15) .  1865. (   ); IV   1865  1878. ( -  ); V   1878  1900. (  )  VI   1900.   [156 -  .     .  (), 1912.].

  ,    ( .       ),           .          -   ,   -      .

     ,    :      ,        -   . ,        .   ,      ,   ,      .         .

     . . ,       ,        - .        : I       (      :    ); II      1648.    1815. (      ,     ); III   1815.   XIX   XX. (    ,    1865.)[157 -  .     . ., 1898. . 1.].

         .         - ,     (, ,   , , ,   .)[158 -  . . 23.].

   .        ,   . .     .  ,        ;       . , ,     ,      ,  ,   ,        ,       ,      [159 -  . . 23.]. ,      -     ,         .             .   , ,   XIX    ,    . ,     ,          ,             .

          ,       ,          ,   .      ,    -                   .

           ,         -    . -                -       ,            .           ;    ,       - ,    ,        .        :                 ,       [160 -  . The Function of Law in the International Community // Manual of Public International Law / Edited by Sorensen M. New York, 1968. P. 15.].

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        .       ,       .            ,              . ,       :    ,  ,  , ,  ,  (. --, . , . , . , .   .).

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     .        ,   .     . , . , . , A. , . , . , . , . , .-. .       , ,        . ,    (,  . , .   . ) ,   ,   ,           (           ).

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,         ,   ,      (,  ,    .)     ,      .

B.    ,          ,         .           ,  ,         [168 - Grewe W. G. . . . 9.].     ,         - ,   [169 -  .].          .

            (           ).     (VIX. ..),   ,     ,    ,      ,      .       - [170 -  . . 10.].

       .  ,            [171 -  . . 11.].                 ,      (        1648.).

                  ,    .    , .        ,       -  (     ,        ;  ,      ;   ,         ..).

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 .  (   )   ; ,            .-. [172 - Ziegler .-. Volkerrechtsgeschichte. Ein Stuienbuch. Munich, 1994.].

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.      ,            ,       .       : 1) ; 2) ; 3) ; 4)     ; 5)  .      ,      ,   .       ,      ,      ,   ,     ,   .                  ,     ,      .

    , ?    ,       () .    ,  ,        ,     ,          . ,         ,           -.

                 ,  .         -,    ,              :   ,   ,    ..

         ,     .         ,    ,  ,    ,    .      .        - ,       ,            .

,   ,      XX.,    ,        ,   .        ,       ( ,  ,  ).

.   ,            .  -    ,            ,    . ,       (   -)  ,   ,        - .                   .    ,  ,       ,  ,    .           .

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               - :         .            .   ,     : 1)    ; 2)    ; 3)   ; 4)   , ..       [175 -  . .,  . .     . . 8.]. ,   .          (     ,       ),            (, ,   ,   )[176 -  . .,  . .,  . .  .      . ., 1974;  .  ! .   . . 67.].

  ,      ,                [177 -   .  6. ., 1967. . 1. . 39.].         .      ,        ,        .           . ,  .  ,   -                          ,  -      , ,    [178 -  . .    . . 5.].       -          ,    ,       ,      ,        - [179 -  .].

       ,           , ,   ,     . ,      (, ,       )       :           ,      ,   - [180 -  . . 20.].

        ,       .    ,      ,       ,     ,  ,  ,   .[181 -  . . . . 67.]       ,  ,  ,     ,  , , ,  -       ,         .

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  ,           ,   . ,   ,     ,            ,       ..       , ,        [183 -  . .   . . 6.].

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            ,      :      ,     , -    .

            ,        .       ,           ,      (    ),       .

, -,    ,         ,          ,      .  ,        . ,   -   ,             -      .         XIXXXI.    ,    ,     -      .                 ,    , , ,          .

                -  ),  (        ),    -  (               ),  (    )        -          ,    ,      .          .




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1.         


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 ,          , ,  ,   .  -            ,      . ,                          ,      ,      ,         .               ,                   .     ,         (, , , , ).                  [199 -  .     :   // i  i . 2002. 2. . 9.].

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  ,       (,     ),      . .  (16461716.).          .

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         ,             .              .        , [211 -  . .  :   . , 2002. . 38.].   (  )       ,           .       ,          ,       , , ,     ,       .          -  -    :       3100.  ..,         1350.  ..,   II     III 1276  ..  .

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,           .                        ,      ,   , , ,  ,      .   -             .

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             .           ,  (  )   .         .            ,    , , ,   ,         .




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